Addressing women in the Greek parliament
Institutionalized confrontation or sexist aggression?
In accordance with numerous studies highlighting aspects of political and parliamentary discourse that concern the rhetoric of political combat, verbal attacks and offensive language choices are shown to be rather common in the context of a highly adversarial parliamentary system such as the Greek. In the present study, however, the analysis of excerpts of parliamentary discourse addressed to women reveals not just aspects of the organization of rival political encounters but, as far as female MPs are concerned, aggressive and derogatory forms of speech that directly attack the gender of the addressees. Drawing on data from video-recordings, the official proceedings of parliamentary sittings, and the media (2012–2015), the present study investigates aggressive/sexist discourse within this context. The theoretical issues addressed concern the impoliteness end of the politeness/politic speech/impoliteness continuum in the light of extreme cases of conflict in political/parliamentary discourse.
References (45)
Alvanoudi, Angeliki. 2014. Grammatical Gender in Interaction. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
Androutsopoulos, Jannis. 2010. “The Study of Language and Space in Media Discourse.” In Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation. Volume I, ed. by Peter Auer and Jurgen E. Schmidt, 740–758. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Archakis, Argyris, and Villy Tsakona. 2010. “‘The Wolf Wakes up inside them, Grows Werewolf Hair and Reveals all their Bullying’: The Representation of Parliamentary Discourse in Greek Newspapers.” Journal of Pragmatics 42: 912–923.
Arundale, Robert B. 2010. “Constituting Face in Conversation: Face, Facework and Interactional Achievement.” Journal of Pragmatics 42: 2078–2105.
Atkinson, Maxwell J., and John Heritage. (eds). 1984. Structures of Social Action. Studies in Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bou-Franch, Patricia. 2013. “Domestic Violence and Public Participation in the Media: The Case of Citizen Journalism.” Gender and Language 7 (3): 275–302.
Brown, Penelope, and Stephen Levinson. [1978]1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chouliaraki, Lilie, and Norman Fairclough. 1999. Discourse in Late Modernity: Rethinking Critical Discourse Analysis. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Christie, Christine. 2005. “Politeness and the Linguistic Construction of Gender in Parliament: An Analysis of Transgressions and Apology Bebaviour”. Working Papers in the Web 3.[URL]
Culpeper, Jonathan. 2005. “Impoliteness and Entertainment in the Television Quiz Show: The Weakest Link.” Journal of Politeness Research 1: 35–72.
Dersley, Ian, and Antony J. Wootton. 2001. “In the Heat of a Sequence: Interactional Features Preceding Walkouts from Argumentative Talk.” Language in Society 30:611–638.
Eelen, Gino. 2001. A Critique of Politeness Theories. Manchester: St Jerome.
Galen, Britt Rachelle, and Marion K. Underwood. 1997. “A Developmental Investigation of Social Aggression among Children.” Developmental Psychology 33: 589–600.
Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, Pilar. 2013. “Introduction: Face, Identity and Im/politeness. Looking Backward, Moving Forward: From Goffman to Practice Theory.” Journal of Politeness Research 9 (1): 1–33.
Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, Pilar. 2015. “Globalization, Transnational Identities and Conflict Talk: The Complexity of the Latino Identity.” Paper presented in the
9th International Im/Politeness Conference “Im/politeness & Globalisation”
, Athens 1–3 July, 2015.
Georgakopoulou, Alexandra. 2013. “Small Stories and Social Media: The Role of Narrative Stancetaking in the Circulation of a Greek News Story.”
Working Papers in Urban Language and Literacies
, Paper 100. [URL]
Georgalidou, Marianthi. 2009. “Gender Differences in the Discourse of Greek Children Play-groups: The Negotiation of Control Acts in Single and Mixed- Gender Interactions.” Gender and Language 3 (2): 209–248.
Georgalidou, Marianthi and Sofia Lampropoulou. (in print). “Grammatical Gender and Language Sexism in the Documents of the Greek Public Administration.” Glossologia. [in Greek]
Goodwin-Harness, Marjorie. 2006. The Hidden Life of Girls. Games of Stance, Status and Exclusion. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Harris, Sandra. 2000. “Being Politically Impolite: Extending Politeness Theory to Adversarial Political Discourse.” Discourse and Society 12 (4): 451–472.
Hutchby, Ian, and Robin Wooffitt. 2008. Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Lampropoulou, Sofia, and Marianthi Georgalidou. (in prep.). Language Sexism in Greek Public Discourse: When Male Exclusive Forms Become a Matter of Grammatical Correctness. Palgrave Communications, Gender Studies.
Makri-Tsilipakou, Marianthi. 2014. “Practices of Sociolinguistic Categorization: Membership Categories”. In 11th International Conference on Greek Linguistics. Selected Papers, ed. by George Kotzoglou, et al., 19–45. Rhodes: Laboratory of Linguistics of the SE Mediterranean Studies, University of the Aegean. [in Greek]
Mills, Sara. 2003. “Third Wave Feminist Linguistics and the Analysis of Sexism.” DAOL: Third Wave Feminist Linguistics. [URL]
Mullany, Louise. 2007. Gendered Discourse in Professional Communication. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Nekvapil, Jiří, and Ivan Leudar. 2002. “Sequential Structures in Media Dialogical Networks.” Czech Sociological Review 38: 483–500. [in Czech]
Pavlidou, Theodosia-Soula. 2002. Language- Gender- Sex. Thessaloniki: Paratiritis. [in Greek]
Pomerantz, Anita. 1984. “Agreeing and Disagreeing with Assessments: Some Features of Preferred/Dispreferred Turn Shapes”. In Structures of Social Action. Studies in Conversation Analysis, ed. by Maxwell J. Atkinson and John Heritage, 57–101. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 2007. Sequence Organization in Interaction. A Primer in Conversation Analysis. Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shantz, Carolyn Uhlinger, and Willard W. Hartup. 1992. Conflict in Child and Adolescent Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shaw, Sylvia. 2000. “Language, Gender and Floor Appointment in Debates.” Discourse and Society 11 (3): 401–418.
Shaw, Sylvia. 2002. Language and Gender in the House of Commons. PhD Thesis, University of London.
Shaw, Sylvia. 2009. “The Difference Women Make: A Critique of the Notion of a ‘Women’s Style’ of Language in Political Contexts.” Proceedings of the
BAAL Annual Conference
. Newcastle: Newcastle University.
Sifianou, Maria. 2008. “Parliamentary Discourse and Politeness.” In For Language. Festschrift for Professor George Babiniotis by the department of linguistics, ed. by Amalia Mozer, Aikaterini Bakakou-Orfanou, Christoforos Charalambakis and Despina Chila-Markopoulou, 464–474. Athens: Ellinika Grammata. [in Greek]
Tsakona, Villy. 2013. “Parliamentary Punning: Is the Opposition More Humorous than the Ruling Party?” European Journal of Humor Research 1 (2):101–111. EJHR: [URL]
Watts, Richard J. 1992a. Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Watts, Richard J. 1992b. “Linguistic Politeness and Politic Verbal Behavior: Reconsidering Claims for Universality.” In Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice, ed. by Richard J. Watts, Ide Sachiko and Konrad Ehlich, 43–70. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Watts, Richard J. 2010. “Linguistic Politeness Theory and its Aftermath: Recent Research Trails.” In Interpersonal Pragmatics, ed. by Miriam A. Locher and Sage L. Graham, 43–70. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Kostopoulos, Christos
2023.
Constructing Political Adversaries Through Debasement Language: A Framing Analysis of Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ Greek Speeches in 2020. In
Debasing Political Rhetoric,
► pp. 143 ff.
Georgalidou, Marianthi, Katerina T. Frantzi & Giorgos Giakoumakis
Frantzi, Katerina T., Marianthi Georgalidou & Giorgos Giakoumakis
2019.
Greek Parliamentary Discourse in the Years of the Economic Crisis. In
Argumentation and Appraisal in Parliamentary Discourse [
Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies, ],
► pp. 1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 25 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.