The evidential and doxastic dimensions of the Basque particle bide
Two kinds of meanings are usually associated to the Basque particle bide.1 On
the one hand, it has been taken to point to the indirect nature of the speaker’s
evidence for the truth of the proposition put forward. According to this view, it
would be a sort of inferential particle. On the other hand, bide has been associated
to the expression of a certain degree of belief or certainty on the truth of
the proposition. This double dimension of bide resembles various aspects of
the meaning and use of another Basque particle – omen. The morpho-syntactic
behaviour of these two particles is practically identical, and their semantics
and pragmatics invite a close comparison. Thus, starting from our conclusions
regarding omen, we explore the similarities and differences between both particles.
We find two main differences. First, bide encodes a doxastic dimension that
is absent from the semantic meaning of omen. And, second, bide can be taken
to be an illocutionary force indicator that does not contribute to the proposition
expressed, while omen does contribute to the truth-conditions of the utterance.
References (44)
Alcázar, Asier
2009 Subjectification in Basque evidential particles. Manuscript.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Boye, Kasper
2010 “
Semantic maps and the identification of cross-linguistic generic categories: Evidentiality and its relation to epistemic modality.”
Linguistic discovery 8 (1): 4–22.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Boye, Kasper
2012 Epistemic meaning: A Crosslinguistic and Functional-Cognitive study. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chafe, Wallace
1986 “
Evidentiality in English conversation and academic Writing.” In
Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology. Volume XX in the Series Advances in Discourse Processes, ed. by
Wallace Chafe and
Johanna Nichols, 261–272. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation Norwood.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Elhuyar-Elkar
1994 Euskal hiztegi modernoa. Donostia: Elhuyar-Elkar.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Euskaltzaindia
1987 Euskal Gramatika. Lehen Urratsak II. Bilbao.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Faller, Martina T
2002 Semantics and Pragmatics of Evidentials in Cuzco Quechua. Stanford: Stanford University.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Faller, Martina
2006 “Evidentiality below and above speech acts.” Manchester: University of Manchester, ms. Online:
[URL].
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Faller, Martina
2012 “
Evidential scalar implicatures.”
Linguistics and Philosophy 351: 285–312.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Grice, Paul
1961 “The causal theory of perception.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society,
Supplementary volumes 351: 121–152.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Grice, Paul
1967a “
Logic and conversation.” In:
Donald Davidson and
Gilbert Harman (eds.) (1975),
The Logic of Grammar, 64–75. Encino: Dickenson. Also published in Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan (eds.) (1975), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts, 41–58. New York: Academic Press. Reprinted in Paul Grice (1989), Studies in the Way of Words, 22–40. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Grice, Paul
1967b “
Further notes on logic and conversation.” In:
Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics, ed. by
Peter Cole (1978), 113–128. New York: Academic Press. Reprinted in Studies in the Way of Words, ed. by Paul Grice (1989), 41–57. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jendraschek, Gerd
2003 La Modalité Épistémique en Basque. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Korta, Kepa and Larraitz Zubeldia
2014 “
The contribution of evidentials to utterance content: Evidence from the Basque reportative particle omen
.”
Language 90 (2): 389–423.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Marín-Arrese, Juana I
2015 “
Epistemicity and stance: A crosslinguistic study of epistemic stance strategies in journalistic discourse in English and Spanish.”
Discourse Studies 17 (2): 210–225.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Matlock, Teenie
1989 “
Metaphor and the grammaticalization of evidentials.”
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 151: 215–225.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Matthewson, Lisa
2012 “
Evidence about evidentials: Where fieldwork meets theory.” In
Empirical approaches to linguistic theory: Studies in meaning and structure, ed. by
Britta Stolterfoht and
Sam Featherston, 85–114. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Matthewson, Lisa, Henry Davis and Hotze Rullmann
McCready, Eric and Norry Ogata
2007 “
Evidentiality, modality and probability.”
Linguistics and Philosophy 301: 147–206.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Morris, Mikel
1998 Morris student plus. Euskara-ingelesa, english-basque. Donostia: Klaudio Harluxet Fundazioa.
[URL]![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Murray, Sarah
2010 Evidentiality and the structure of speech acts. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University dissertation.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Levinson, Stephen C
1983 Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Levinson, Stephen C
2000 Presumptive Meanings. The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature. Cambridge, London: MIT Press.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Novia de Salcedo, Pedro
1887 Diccionario Etimológico del Idioma Bascongado. Tolosa: Eusebio López.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Orpustan, Jean-Baptiste
1993 Oihenarten Hiztegia. Lexique Basque des Proverbes et Poésies d’Oyhenart Traduit en Français et Espagnol / par Jean-Baptiste Orpustan. Baigorri: Izpegi.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rijk, Rudolf P.G. de
2008 Standard Basque: a Progressive Grammar. Vol. 1: The grammar. Cambridge (Massachusetts): MIT Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sauerland, Uli and Mathias Schenner
2007 “
Shifting evidentials in Bulgarian.”
Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 111: 525–539.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schenner, Mathias
2008 “Double face evidentials in German: Reportative sollen and wollen in embedded contexts.” In
Proceedings of SuB12, ed. by
Atle Grønn, 552–566. Oslo: University of Oslo.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Searle, John and Daniel Vanderveken
1985 Foundations of illocutionary logic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
van der Auwera, Johan and Vladimir A. Plungian
1998 “
Modality’s semantic map.”
Linguistic typology 21: 79–123.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Vanderveken, Daniel
1990 Meaning and speech acts. Vol. 1. Principles of language use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
van Eys, Willem J
1873 Dictionnaire Basque-Français. Paris: Maisonneuve; London: Williams and Norgate.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Waldie, Ryan, Tyler Peterson, Hotze Rullmann and Scott Mackie
2009 “
Evidentials as epistemic modals or speech act operators: Testing the tests”. Paper presented at the
Workshop on the Structure and Constituency of Languages of the Americas 14
, Purdue University.
Wiemer, Björn and Veronika Kampf
This issue “
On conditions instantiating tip effects of epistemic and evidential meanings in Bulgarian.”
Belgian Journal of Linguistics 29.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wiemer, Björn and Anna Socka
2010 “
How to do contrastive semantics with propositional modifiers: The case of hearsay adverbs.” Paper presented at
the symposium “Re-thinking synonymy: semantic sameness and similarity in languages and their description”
, Helsinki.
Zubeldia, Larraitz
2010 ‘Omen’ partikularen azterketa semantikoa eta pragmatikoa. PhD dissertation. University of the Basque Country.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zubeldia, Larraitz
2013 “
(Non-)determining the original speaker: reportative particles versus reportative verbs.”
Research in Language 11 (2): 103–130.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Basque Institute of UPV/EHU
Ereduzko Prosa Gaur [
Contemporary Reference Prose]:
[URL].
Iturriaga, Unai
1999 Berandu da gelditzeko. Zarautz; Iruñea: Susa.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jimenez, Edorta
2004 Sukar ustelaren urtea. Tafalla: Txapalarta.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mendiguren Elizegi, Xabier
2002 16 ipuin amodiozko. Zarautz: Susa.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sartre, Jean-Paul
1938 La nausée. Paris: Editions Gallimard. (Translation: Monika Etxebarria. 2003. Goragalea. Donostia: Alberdania-Elkar)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (1)
Cited by 1 other publications
Korta, Kepa & Larraitz Zubeldia
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 30 june 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.