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Part of
Cross-language Influences in Bilingual Processing and Second Language Acquisition
Edited by Irina Elgort, Anna Siyanova-Chanturia and Marc Brysbaert
[Bilingual Processing and Acquisition 16] 2023
► pp. 74–99

Chapter 4
Cross-language influences in the acquisition of L2 and L3 phonology

ORCID logo | University of California, Santa Cruz

This chapter synthesises some of the main findings from research investigating cross-language influence (CLI) in Second Language (L2) and Third Language (L3) speech learning. In addition to an overview of the findings that have gathered growing consensus in the fields of L2 and L3 phonology, and how these results have been tested and explained in various theories of L2 speech, this chapter points to methodological and theoretical considerations discussed in three areas that hold promise for future research in L2 and L3 speech: (i) the relationship between L2/L3 speech perception and L2/L3 speech production, (ii) the acquisition of phonological processes vs. phonological contrasts, and (iii) the distinction between static and dynamic phonetic interactions in L2 and L3 speech.

Keywords: bilingual speech, trilingual speech, L2/L3 acquisition, phonology, speech perception, speech production, phonological processes, phonological contrasts, static phonetic interactions, dynamic phonetic interactions
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Cross-language influences in L2 and L3 phonological acquisition
    • 2.1The acquisition of L2 phonology
    • 2.2The acquisition of L3 phonology
  • 3.Theoretical frameworks
    • 3.1The Speech Learning Model (SLM) and the Revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r)
    • 3.2The Second Language Linguistic Perception model (L2LP)
    • 3.3The Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) and the Perceptual Assimilation Model of Second Language Learning (PAM-L2)
  • 4.Future directions in L2 and L3 speech learning research
    • 4.1The relationship between L2 and L3 speech perception and production
    • 4.2Acquisition of phonological processes vs. phonological contrasts in L2 and L3 speech
    • 4.3Static and dynamic interactions in L2 and L3 speech
  • 5.Concluding remarks
  • References
Published online: 1 May 2023
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/bpa.16.04ame
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