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Cross-language Influences in Bilingual Processing and Second Language Acquisition
Edited by Irina Elgort, Anna Siyanova-Chanturia and Marc Brysbaert
[Bilingual Processing and Acquisition 16] 2023
► pp. 102–125

Chapter 5
Cross-language influences in L2 visual word processing

A localist connectionist modelling perspective

| University of Nottingham
| Radboud University Nijmegen
Over the last decades, a variety of verbal models have been proposed to account for empirical findings on bilingual word processing and second language (L2) acquisition. However, in these domains only a small number of computational models have seen the light, including localist connectionist models like the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA) model (Dijkstra & van Heuven, 1998; van Heuven et al., 1998), the Bilingual Interactive Activation + (BIA+) model (Dijkstra & van Heuven, 2002), and Multilink(+) (Dijkstra et al., 2019; 2022a). In this chapter, we review structural and processing characteristics of these models, such as input coding, lateral inhibition, word frequency, language nodes, and task demands. Finally, advantages and limitations of current computational models are discussed.
Keywords: bilingual visual word recognition, cross-language effects, computational models, localist connectionist models
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Overview of bilingual localist connectionist models of visual word recognition
    • 2.1BIA model
    • 2.2BIA-d
    • 2.3BIA+
    • 2.4SOPHIA
    • 2.5Multilink and Multilink+
    • 2.6CE-IAM
    • 2.7Similarities and differences of bilingual localist connectionist computational models
  • 3.Input coding
  • 4.Lateral inhibition
  • 5.L1 and L2 word frequency
  • 6.Language membership
  • 7.Task and decision processes
  • 8.Limitations of localist connectionist models
  • 9.Future directions
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 1 May 2023
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/bpa.16.05van
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