Article published in:
Cognitive Control and Consequences of Multilingualism
Edited by John W. Schwieter
[Bilingual Processing and Acquisition 2] 2016
► pp. 47–70

Chapter 2. Listening with your cohort

Do bilingual toddlers co-activate cohorts from both languages when hearing words in one language alone?

| Gordon College, United States
| University of Göttingen, Germany
| Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany
| Université Paris Descartes, France
| University of Göttingen, Germany
Bilingual children, like bilingual adults, co-activate both languages during word recognition and production. But what is the extent of this co-activation? In the present study, we asked whether or not bilingual preschool children activate a shared phonological cohort across languages when hearing words only in their L1. We tested German-English children on a cross-modal priming paradigm. To ensure co-activation of languages, children first heard a short code-switch story. Compared to a monolingual control group, bilingual children in Experiment 1 showed only partial sensitivity to the L1 cohort. Bilingual children who did not hear the code-switch story (Experiment 2) showed priming effects identical to the monolinguals in Experiment 1. Results indicate that under single-language contexts, German-English bilingual preschoolers do not activate the non-target language cohort during word recognition but instead restrict cohort activation to the language of input. In contrast, presentation of the non-target language in the code-switch story appears to shift cohort activation and increase L2 activation, suggesting a highly flexible language system that is in tune to the broader linguistic context. We consider mechanisms of bilingual language control that may enable bilingual toddlers to limit cross-language phonological activation.
Published online: 03 August 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/bpa.2.03bob
References

References

Arias-Trejo, N., & Plunkett, K.
(2009) Lexical–semantic priming effects during nfancy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1536), 3633-3647. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bain, B., & Yu, A.
(1980) Cognitive consequences of raising children bilingually: “One Parent, One Language.” Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34, 304-313. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bobb, S.C., & Mani, N.
(2013) Categorizing with gender: Does implicit grammatical gender affect semantic processing in 24-month-old toddlers? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 115, 297-308. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brysbaert, M., & New, B.
(2009) Moving beyond Kučera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 977-990. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dijkstra, T., & Van Heuven, W.
(1998) The BIA model and bilingual word recognition. Localist Connectionist Approaches to Human Cognition, 189-225.Google Scholar
Elston-Güttler, K.E.
. An inquiry into cross-language lexical-conceptual relationships and their effect on L2 lexical processing, PhD Dissertation, University of Cambridge 2000.
Elston-Güttler, K.E., & Gunter, T.C.
(2009) Fine-tuned: Phonology and semantics affect first-to second-language zooming in. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 180-196. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Elston-Güttler, K.E., Gunter, T.C., & Kotz, S.A.
(2005) Zooming into L2: Global language context and adjustment affect processing of interlingual homographs in sentences. Cognitive Brain Research, 25, 57-70. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fenson, L., Dale, P.S., Reznick, J.S., Thal, D., Bates, E., Hartung, J.P., Pethick, S., & Reilly, J.S.
(1993) The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: User’s guide and technical manual. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Goldinger, S.D., Luce, P.A., Pisoni, D.B., & Marcario, J.K.
(1992) Form-based priming in spoken word recognition: The roles of competition and bias. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1211. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Golinkoff, R.M., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Cauley, K.M., & Gordon, L.
(1987) The eyes have it: Lexical and syntactic comprehension in a new paradigm. Journal of Child Language, 14, 23-45. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Green, D.W., & Abutalebi, J.
(2013) Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 515-530. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F.
(1985) The bilingual as a competent but specific speaker-hearer. Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 6, 467-477. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1988) Exploring the recognition of guest words in bilingual speech. Language and Cognitive Processes, 3, 233-274. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hermans, D., Bongaerts, T., De Bot, K., & Schreuder, R.
(1998) Producing words in a foreign language: Can speakers prevent interference from their first language?. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 213-229. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Huettig, F., & McQueen, J.M.
(2007) The tug of war between phonological, semantic and shape information in language-mediated visual search. Journal of Memory and Language, 57, 460-482. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ju, M., & Luce, P.A.
(2004) Falling on sensitive ears constraints on bilingual lexical activation. Psychological Science, 15, 314-318. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kroll, J.F., & Bialystok, E.
(2013) Understanding the consequences of bilingualism for language processing and cognition. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 497-514. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kroll, J.F., Bobb, S.C., & Wodniecka, Z.
(2006) Language selectivity is the exception, not the rule: Arguments against a fixed locus of language selection in bilingual speech. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9, 119-135. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lagrou, E., Hartsuiker, R.J., & Duyck, W.
(2013) The influence of sentence context and accented speech on lexical access in second-language auditory word recognition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16, 508-517. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Luce, P.A., & Pisoni, D.B.
(1998) Recognizing spoken words: The neighborhood activation model. Ear and Hearing, 19, 1–36. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mani, N. & Plunkett, K.
(2008) Phonological priming in infancy. Proceedings of the 30 th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society , Washington, USA.
Mani, N., & Plunkett, K.
(2010) In the infant’s mind’s ear evidence for implicit naming in 18-month-olds. Psychological Science, 21, 908-913. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2011) Phonological priming and cohort effects in toddlers. Cognition, 121, 196-206. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Marian, V., & Spivey, M.
(2003) Competing activation in bilingual language processing: Within-and between-language competition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 6, 97-115. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Marslen-Wilson, W.D., & Welsh, A.
(1978) Processing interactions and lexical access during word recognition in continuous speech. Cognitive Psychology,10, 29-63. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mayor, J., & Plunkett, K.
(2014) Infant word recognition: Insights from TRACE simulations. Journal of Memory and Language, 71, 89-123. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
McClelland, J.L., & Elman, J.L.
(1986) The TRACE model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 18, 1-86. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Meints, K., & Woodford, A.
(2008) Lincoln Infant Lab Package 1.0: A new programme package for IPL, Preferential Listening, Habituation and Eyetracking. [www document: Computer software & manual]. http://​www​.lincoln​.ac​.uk​/psychology​/babylab​.htm
Morford, J.P., Wilkinson, E., Villwock, A., Piñar, P., & Kroll, J.F.
(2011) When deaf signers read English: Do written words activate their sign translations?.Cognition, 118, 286-292. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Myers-Scotton, C.
(2001) The matrix language frame model: Development and responses. Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs, 126, 23-58.Google Scholar
Paulmann, S., Elston-Güttler, K.E., Gunter, T.C., & Kotz, S.A.
(2006) Is bilingual lexical access influenced by language context?. NeuroReport, 17, 727-731. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Poarch, G.J., & Van Hell, J.G.
(2012) Cross-language activation in children’s speech production: Evidence from second language learners, bilinguals, and trilinguals. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 111, 419-438. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Quasthoff, U.
(2002) DeutscherWortschatz im Internet [Online database]. Leipzig, Germany: University of Leipzig. http://​www​.wortschatz​.uni​-leizpig​.de/Google Scholar
Radeau, M., Morais, J., & Segui, J.
(1995) Phonological priming between monosyllabic spoken words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1297–1311. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Shook, A., & Marian, V.
(2013) The bilingual language interaction network for comprehension of speech. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(2), 304-324. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Slowiaczek, L.M., & Hamburger, M.
(1992) Prelexical facilitation and lexical interference in auditory word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1239. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Styles, S.J., Arias-Trejo, N., & Plunkett, K.
(2008) Priming and interference in infancy. In Love, B.C., McRae, K. & Sloutsky V.M., (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society, 651-656.Google Scholar
Swingley, D., & Aslin, R.N.
(2002) Lexical neighborhoods and the word-form representations of 14-month-olds. Psychological Science, 13, 480-484. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Szagun, G., Stumper, B., & Schramm, S.A.
(2009) Fragebogen zur frühkindlichen Sprachentwicklung (FRAKIS) und FRAKIS-K (Kurzform). Pearson.Google Scholar
Von Holzen, K. & Mani, N.
(2012) Language nonselective lexical access in bilingual toddlers, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 113, 569-586. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Weber, A., & Cutler, A.
(2004) Lexical competition in non-native spoken-word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 50, 1-25. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cited by

Cited by other publications

Bobb, Susan C. & Judith F. Kroll
2018.  In Bilingual Cognition and Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 54], ► pp. 307 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 november 2020. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.