Index

• ABX 253, 267–272

• accent imitation 135–136, 138–141, 143, 148–151

• AMMA test 137, 148

• Aptitude Complex/Ability Differentiation Model309

• aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) research 3, 24, 42, 159, 304, 315, 323, 327, 331, 332, 344–346

• artificial language learning 6, 7, 41–42, 45–46, 48–49, 59–61, 160

• attention control 7, 71, 250–252, 261, 270–271, 303, 328

• automatisation 18, 25–26

• automatized knowledge 224, 241

• awareness 25, 42, 58, 166, 170, 172, 175–177, 179–180, 198, 201, 208, 226, 229n1, 230, 231n2, 241, 282, 343

• balanced bilinguals 252, 259–260, 261, 268

• Big Five Aspect Scales 8, 162

• bilinguals 9, 58, 205, 249, 252–256, 257–259, 260–261, 266, 268, 270–273

• Canal-F 26, 30–31, 33

• Catalan 9, 249, 252, 257, 252–257

• central executive 21, 25, 70, 74–75, 79, 90, 158, 178, 227

• complex span tasks 6, 73, 81, 89–94, 96–97, 100–101, 168, 228, 242

• construction learning 157, 162, 175, 177–178, 180

• corrective feedback 5, 279–283, 290–292, 295–296, 304–306, 309, 314–315, 320, 322, 328–329, 332, 336, 343, 345

• declarative knowledge225

• digit span 72, 76–77, 91, 137, 208, 295

• dimensional change card sorting task261

• domain-generality versus domain-specificity 6, 17, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36

• Elicited (oral) imitation 4, 8, 185–187, 201–202, 226–227, 229, 233, 241

• episodic buffer 21, 71, 74, 91, 227

• error avoidance 18, 25

• executive control 207, 216–217, 249, 295

• explicit feedback 10, 23, 281–282, 292–293, 299, 308, 324, 327, 329, 330–332, 336–338, 341–345, 347

• explicit knowledge 25, 28–30, 35, 65, 179, 186, 188, 193, 200, 224–227, 229–231, 233, 237, 239–241, 292, 294

• explicit language aptitude 7, 10, 23, 303, 305, 327–328, 330–331, 335, 339, 341–342

• explicit learning 29, 34–37, 49, 207–208, 280, 345

• explicit memory 8, 206–209

• feedback exposure condition 303–304, 306

• form-meaning mapping 6, 42, 45–46, 48, 157, 163, 166, 175, 329 ; (see also construction learning)

• grammaticality judgment test (GJT) 223, 226, 235–236, 279

• Hi-LAB 3, 17, 26–27, 31, 33–35, 36, 37

• Hindi 7, 135–136, 138–141, 144–146, 148–150

• implicit feedback 23, 282, 329–332, 336–338, 341, 343

• implicit knowledge 6, 8–9, 28–31, 34, 186–189, 199, 201, 224–226, 229–231, 233, 237, 239–243, 294

• implicit learning 26, 28–29, 31, 34–37, 42–44, 49, 59, 206–209, 216–218, 226

• incidental learning 4, 49, 157, 159, 180

• inhibition 4, 7, 9, 75, 78–79, 80, 159, 167, 172, 227, 249–253, 259–261, 267–273

• inhibitory control 7, 9, 31, 108–109, 113, 114, 118–124, 126n9, 249–250, 252–253, 259, 268, 270–273

• input processing 18–20, 23, 90–91, 280

• intellect 157–158, 160–163, 166–167, 170–171, 177, 179–181

• intelligence 22, 31–33, 35, 53–55, 58, 60, 73, 76, 158, 161, 207–208, 281, 307

• interaction hypothesis 280, 305

• letter span task 72, 78, 192

• linguistic knowledge 89, 223–224, 230, 233–235, 240–243, 313

• LLAMA B 31, 331, 335–336

• LLAMA D 31, 331

• LLAMA E 10, 31, 308, 310, 314–316, 321–323, 335, 336

• LLAMA F 31, 335–336

• LLAMA Language Aptitude Test battery 10, 327, 331, 335

• long term memory 20, 25, 31, 36, 73–74

• metalinguistic feedback 9, 240, 279–284, 291–296, 329, 345

• metalinguistic knowledge 9, 223, 226, 229, 231n2, 235, 236, 292

• miniature natural language learning 4, 6, 21, 29, 32, 41, 49–51, 53, 56–57, 59–61, 158

• mixed effects models 7, 105–108, 109n3, 110, 112, 114, 118n8, 123, 125, 127

• mixed feedback 327, 332, 338, 340, 341–342, 344–345

• Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) 3, 17, 30–35, 307, 323, 335

• monolinguals 9, 249, 252, 254, 256, 257n2, 268, 270, 272, 273

• morphology 50, 54–55, 60, 90, 158, 162, 226

• motivation 42, 89, 180, 254

• music acquisition 151–152

• musical aptitude 131, 137, 307

• musicality 131–132, 140–141, 143–144, 147, 149, 152

• n-back task 4, 80, 168, 170, 304, 315, 327–328, 334, 336, 343, 345

• noticing 18, 20–21, 23, 28, 35, 57, 60, 90, 161, 163, 175, 180, 198, 201, 281–282, 295–296, 305n1, 309, 320–322

• openness 8, 23, 157–158, 160–163, 166, 169–171, 175, 177, 179–180, 207, 307

• operation span task 9, 223, 228, 235–236, 286

• oromotor system 133, 150–151

• pattern extraction 21–23, 28, 32, 35, 55–57

• pattern identification 18, 21–22, 53

• perception 134, 137, 143–144, 146, 150, 161, 249–252, 252n1, 257, 271–272

• personality 2, 7, 23, 105, 157–158, 160–163, 166, 175, 179–180

• phonetic/phonemic coding ability 3, 10, 20–21, 23, 303–304, 307, 317–319, 330

• phonological loop/buffer 20, 70, 73–74, 76, 78, 90, 227

• phonological memory249

• phonological processing 4, 9, 74, 78, 88, 249–252, 252n1, 253, 257–258, 270–271, 273

• phonological short-term memory (PSTM) 7, 249–250, 252, 266, 295, 323, 328

• phonology 48, 50, 54, 59–60, 226, 250, 257n2, 307

• primed production 8, 205, 207–210, 214–216

• priming 4, 8, 21, 26–27, 205–218

• procedural knowledge225

• processing 1–2, 4–11, 18–21, 23, 25–26, 28, 31, 36, 44, 57, 69–82, 89–93, 96–97, 99, 100–101, 134, 142, 158, 161, 168, 178, 186, 188–189, 192, 200, 207, 216, 223–225, 227–232, 235–239, 241–242, 247, 249–252, 252n1, 253, 257–258, 270–273, 280–282, 288, 294, 297, 304, 307, 309, 330, 332

• processing speed 26, 31, 36, 207

• processing stages 18, 309

• proficiency 37, 55–56, 58, 72–73, 77, 79, 158, 179, 216, 228–229, 242–243, 253, 307, 326, 333

• R statistical software package 107, 127

• reading comprehension 4, 9, 72–73, 75, 80–81, 90–91, 228–230, 234

• reading span task 53, 57, 72, 93–94, 168, 170, 177, 179, 228, 235–236

• recasts 9, 23, 280–284, 292–296, 329, 336–337

• retrieval-induced inhibition task259

• running span test212

• Russian 22, 47, 50–56, 58, 61

• salience 18, 21, 24–27, 52, 329

• serial non-word recognition task266

• serial reaction time task 44, 58–59, 207

• short-term memory 7–8, 58, 70, 76, 90, 134, 156, 187, 251, 266–267, 270, 295, 323

• simple span tasks 72, 91–92

• Spanish 7, 9, 55–56, 89, 91, 95–96, 99, 104, 146, 149, 209, 226, 247, 249, 252–259, 262–263, 275, 299, 307, 308, 311, 325, 348

• speech-based attention-switching task261

• statistical learning 34, 43–45, 49, 57–60, 62, 63–66, 178, 208, 215, 219

• storage 72, 74, 76, 90, 92–93, 158, 178, 188, 192, 210, 224, 227–231, 233

• Teachability Hypothesis311

• TOEFL 9, 200, 209, 231, 234, 311

• Transfer Appropriate Processing294

• Turkish 9, 182, 231–232, 235–236, 282, 306, 309–312, 314, 320, 333–335, 337, 347

• visuo-spatial sketchpad 70, 90

• vocabulary 19, 21–22, 26, 31, 44–45, 48–50, 52–53, 55–60, 72, 76–78, 82, 159, 200, 207, 250–254, 267–268, 305, 310–312, 315, 335

• vocalization144

• working memory 19–26, 28, 31–32, 53–54, 57, 60, 62, 72–82, 89–93, 95, 100–101, 137–138, 140–142, 147, 152, 158, 177–178, 186, 188, 207–210, 212–217, 223–224, 225, 227, 232, 239, 250–251, 272, 281, 303, 305, 326, 328, 345

• working memory training 80–84, 86–88

• X-Lex/Y-Lex 252, 268