Index
A
- abolition146.See jury system
- accessible9, 43, 45, 58, 94, 134, 140, 164, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 190
- accuracy1, 2, 7, 15, 21, 51, 67, 68, 70, 74, 85, 90, 91, 140, 148, 173, 176, 177, 178, 183.See distortion; omission
- acquit41, 141, 142, 145.See trial procedure; verdict
- addressee32, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 53, 67, 70, 86, 93, 117, 135, 149, 152, 161, 165, 167, 168, 169, 175.See audience role
- administration of justice4, 5, 12, 49, 129, 130, 169, 172, 176, 177, 186.; See also miscarriage of justiceSee delivery of justice.
- adversarial courtroom56, 57, 70, 162, 167.See common-law system
- affirmation30, 114, 141.See oath
- alignment32, 166, 167.; See also disassociation theorySee interpreting style.
- ambiguity57, 58, 62, 79, 93, 158, 167, 168, 169, 178, 183, 214.See context; dilemma; polysemy
- antagonistic111, 112, 119.See cross-examination; hostile
- animator30, 86, 151, 166.See Goffman, Erving; participation framework; speaker role
- appeal20, 22, 23, 91, 91n2, 131, 142, 150, 178, 205, 207, 211
- atypical5.See bilingual Hong Kong courtroom
- audience design152, 162, 175.See Bell, Allan
- audience role39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 70, 73, 109, 164, 165, 169, 172, 175, 177.See addressee; auditor; eavesdropper; overhearer
- auditor43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 70, 87, 91, 92, 93, 97, 109, 111, 149, 152, 164, 165, 173, 175.See audience role
- author86, 166.See Goffman, Erving; participation framework; speaker role
B
- Back-channelling85, 124, 125.See communication problem
- Bell, Allan45, 87, 152, 162, 164, 165, 169, 175.See audience design
- bilingual court personnel21, 70, 169.See power and control; powerful participant
- bilingual court reporting system22.See Digital Audio Recording and Transcription System (DARTS)
- bilingual Hong Kong courtroom5, 8, 9, 19, 38, 39, 40, 46, 48, 49, 51, 108, 109, 134, 147, 171, 172, 173, 176, 177, 188.See atypical; interpreter-mediated trial; uncommon; unique; ubiquity of interpreters
- bilingual legislation19.See Chinese (use of); Official Languages Ordinance
- bilinguals7, 15, 19, 21, 26, 46, 49, 51, 57, 63, 70, 164, 177, 185, 187.; See also monolingualsSee power and control; powerful participant.
C
- Cadet Scheme15.See Student Interpreter Scheme
- Caldwell, Daniel Richard12, 13, 14.See powerful participant
- Cantonese-speaking3, 5, 7, 19n8, 22, 42, 46, 47, 54, 74, 77, 87, 89, 98, 109, 114, 134, 148, 171, 172, 175, 179.; See also English-speakingSee linguistic dichotomy; linguistic majority.
- career prospects7, 37, 38, 185.See Court Interpreter grade
- case to answer41.See trial procedure
- changeover19, 20.See sovereignty
- Chinese Language Officer (CLO)24, 27, 37
- Chinese (use of)4, 18, 20, 32, 186, 187.See trial language; court language
- chuchotage4, 7, 8, 9, 27, 42, 43, 44, 45, 68, 74, 98, 101, 102, 103, 103n4, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 126, 129, 135, 138, 147, 149, 152, 153, 171, 173, 174, 179, 180, 181, 184, 188.See mode of interpreting; whispering
- clarification8, 36, 58, 75, 77, 78, 80, 90, 93, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 178, 182
- closing submission41.See monologue; trial procedure
- co-present court actor32, 50, 73, 92, 184
- colonial4, 7, 11, 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 38, 50, 70, 90, 133, 141, 171, 172, 173.; See also post-colonial
- common-law system92, 189.; See also adversarial system; jury system
- communication problem4, 8, 53, 87, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 124, 125, 126, 132.See comprehension problem; decoding problem; encoding problem
- comprehension problem4, 80, 112, 116, 118, 119, 121, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 140, 141, 142, 145, 146, 147, 174, 184.See non-English speaking (NES); non-native English speaking/speaker (NNES)
- conduit1, 86, 148.See copying machine; interpreter role
- confirmation-seeking question (CSQ)77, 80.; See also information-seeking question (ISQ) See cross-examination.
- consecutive interpreting/interpretation7, 42, 45, 94, 115, 138, 171, 172, 179, 180, 183, 189, 218, 219.See mode of interpreting
- context2, 5, 7, 8, 18n7, 43, 48, 57, 58, 59, 64, 69, 70, 94, 124, 126, 136, 146, 158, 164, 168, 176, 178, 188, 189.See ambiguity; polysemy
- Conversation Analysis (CA)6, 116, 117.See Gricean maxims; Cooperative Principle (CP)
- conviction22, 23, 41, 57, 89, 91, 91n2, 142, 145.See trial procedure; verdict
- Cooperative Principle (CP)111, 116, 117, 120, 125, 126.See Conversation Analysis (CA); Gricean maxims
- copying machine86.See conduit; interpreter role
- court actor5, 7, 8, 11, 32, 38, 39, 40, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 68, 70, 71, 73, 86, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 99, 108, 109, 110, 154, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 183, 184, 186, 189.See court participant
- Court Interpreter grade7, 11, 24, 25, 26, 30, 37, 38, 181, 186, 187.See Court Language Section; full-time court interpreter
- court language3, 11, 18, 24, 25, 30, 38, 40, 45, 48, 171, 172, 178, 181.See trial language
- Court Language Section24, 25.See Court Interpreter grade
- court level6, 21, 25, 30, 178, 187.See Court of Appeal; High Court; Court of First Instance (CFI); District Court; Magistrates’ Court
- Court of Appeal20, 22, 23, 129, 132, 142, 143, 144, 145, 205, 207.See court level; High Court
- Court of First Instance (CFI)20, 20n11, 42, 132, 133, 205, 207.See court level; High Court
- court participant38, 44, 111.See court actor
- court proceedings1, 5, 9, 18, 22, 27, 30, 32, 39, 43, 48, 49, 57, 59, 70, 74, 92, 94, 95, 111, 132, 135, 137, 140, 145, 151, 174, 175, 182, 184, 186.See trial proceedings
- credibility2, 8, 62, 70, 71, 89, 90, 173
- cross-examination41, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 62, 63, 64, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 83, 84, 85, 86, 100, 102, 105, 106, 111, 112, 114, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160.; See also examination-in-chiefSee antagonistic; hostile.
D
- decoding problem79, 117, 118.; See also encoding problemSee communication problem; comprehension problem.
- defence counsel51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 62, 65, 66, 73, 76, 83, 84, 85, 86, 99, 101, 102, 119, 122, 144, 156, 157, 161, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215.; See also prosecution counsel
- delivery of justice5, 92, 108, 110, 111, 127, 147.; See also miscarriage of justiceSee administration of justice.
- deployment7, 30, 33, 38, 187.See Court Language Section; Court Interpreter grade
- deviation2, 149, 150, 164, 168, 169.See interpreting style; third-person interpreting
- dialect interpreter25, 26, 26n17, 33.See part-time interpreter
- dialect speaker113, 114.See inequality; disadvantage
- Digital Audio Recording and Transcription System (DARTS)4, 22, 23, 70, 178, 185, 186.See bilingual court reporting system
- dilemma1, 7, 67, 131.See ambiguity; context; polysemy
- direct speech103, 147, 148, 165, 174, 217, 218.See interpreting style; first-person interpreting
- disadvantage2, 108, 110, 112, 113, 114, 126, 129, 174, 176.See non-English speaking (NES); non-native English speaking/speaker (NNES)
- disassociation theory161, 165.; See also alignment See distancing tactic.
- distortion2, 29, 91.See accuracy
- District Court6, 20, 30, 41, 42, 92, 95, 99n3, 205, 207.See court level
- dockside interpreting27.See chuchotage; mode of interpreting
- dyadic (monolingual) communication58, 148.; See also triadic communication
- interactional dynamics5, 95, 175, 176, 188
E
- eavesdropper43, 44, 45, 48.See audience role
- ellipsis59, 158, 166, 168, 174.See interpreting style
- enactment18, 19, 24, Official Languages Ordinance
- encoding problem117, 123.See communication problem
- English-speaking3, 4, 7, 14, 42, 74, 85, 113, 132, 149, 151, 152, 172, 186.; See also Cantonese-speakingSee linguistic dichotomy.
- entry requirements7, 11, 26, 37, 38, 184, 185, 186, 187.See Court Interpreter grade; Court Language Section
- examination-in-chief28, 29, 41, 54, 61, 65, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 104, 112, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 126, 148n1, 157, 159.; See also cross-examinationSee trial procedure.
- exemption137, 138, 141.See jury service
- expatriate4, 21, 22, 30, 32, 32n19, 51, 65, 84, 133, 136, 187.; See also bilinguals See monolinguals.
- expert witness4, 8, 9, 114, 115, 117, 118, 138, 174.See disadvantage; non-native English speaking/speaker (NNES)
- external pressure4, 21, 70, 172.See bilinguals
F
- face-threatening-act (FTA)115, 122.See Conversation Analysis (CA); Cooperative Principle (CP)
- fact-finder93, 94.See judge of fact
- first-person interpreting2, 147, 148, 148n1, 149, 151, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 168, 175.See direct speech; interpreting style
- first-person reference9, 147, 152, 153, 154, 158, 159, 161, 167, 168, 169
- foreign language interpreter25, 26.See part-time interpreter
- forensic linguistics5, 9, 171, 176
- full-time court interpreter25, 27, 162, 186.See Court Interpreter grade
G
- Goffman, Erving30, 43, 48, 86, 93, 150, 166.See participation framework
- Governor12, 13n1, 15, 16, 17, 17n5, 18, 141
- Gricean maxims94, 116, 120, 126.See Conversation Analysis (CA); Cooperative Principle (CP)
- guilty13, 22, 23, 31, 41, 139, 142, 143, 144, 149, 155, 214, 215, 219.See verdict
H
- High Court4, 6, 14, 20, 20n11, 21, 22, 30, 37, 38, 41, 42, 51, 62n3, 92, 95, 98, 99, 115, 129, 132, 133, 135, 141, 188, 205.See court level
- hostile112.See antagonistic; cross-examination
I
- imbalance of power111, 162.See power asymmetry; power imbalance
- impartiality5, 15, 32, 74, 167, 169, 179, 182.See neutrality
- in person31, 154.See legal representation; self-represented
- inconsistency47, 64, 142, 143, 145.See accuracy; verdict
- inequality111.See disadvantage; lay participant
- information-seeking question (ISQ)77.; See also confirmation seeking question (CSQ)See examination-in-chief.
- inherited practice165.See reported speech; third-person interpreting
- interlocutor43, 45, 58, 59, 68, 74, 75, 86, 89, 116, 125, 148, 176, 189
- interpretation error/mistake46, 67, 89
- interpreter fatigue180, 181
- interpreter intervention73, 173.See interpreter-initiated turn (IIT)
- interpreter role166.See conduit; copying machine
- interpreter-initiated turn (IIT)8, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 86, 87, 89, 90.See interpreter intervention
- interpreter-mediated trial44, 45, 50, 51, 60, 70, 94, 108, 149, 150, 151, 175, 176, 188, 189.See bilingual Hong Kong courtroom
- interpreting style147, 150, 151, 152, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 175, 179.See first-person interpreting; direct speech; third person interpreting; reported speech
- interruption77, 86, 89, 90, 93, 94, 96, 97, 102, 104, 108, 182.See interpreter intervention; judicial intervention
- invisibility166, 169.See interpreter role
J
- judge of fact127, 129, 130, 139, 172.See fact-finder
- judicial intervention8, 95, 107, 173, 179, 180, 183.See interruption
- jurisdiction3, 38, 39, 40, 42, 70, 91, 146, 164, 174, 185
- juror2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 62, 71, 89, 90, 109, 110, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 172, 173, 174, 175, 179, 180, 184, 188, 211.See jury system
- jury comprehension4, 8, 109, 126, 127, 129, 129n1, 130, 132, 138, 145, 146, 146n4, 147, 174, 176, 188
- jury empanelling41.See trial procedure
- jury instructions135, 138, 139, 140, 181, 183, 188.See jury comprehension; legalese; legal terminology; monologue; trial procedure
- Jury Ordinance47, 109, 126, 133, 134.See jury system
- jury service4, 9, 126, 134, 137, 140, 141, 145.See exemption; jury system
- jury system129, 133, 146, 188
L
- language competence/proficiency113, 145.See linguistic competence
- lay participant3, 4, 5, 9, 15, 19, 21, 40, 42, 49, 108, 111, 112, 132, 146, 147, 162, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 179.See legal practitioner/professional
- legal base of power49, 83.See imbalance of power; power asymmetry; power imbalance
- legal practitioner/professional3, 5, 7, 9, 19, 21, 49, 51, 98, 111, 115, 130, 132, 147, 153, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 171, 173, 174, 175, 177, 179, 180, 184.; See also lay participant
- legal representation31, 67, 161.; See also in person; self-represented
- legal terminology135, 136, 141.; See also jury comprehensionSee legalese.
- legalese9, 130, 143.See comprehension problem; jury comprehension
- linguistic base of power50, 112, 184.See imbalance of power; power asymmetry; power imbalance
- linguistic competence134.; See also linguistic incompetenceSee language competence/proficiency.
- linguistic dichotomy3, 7.See Cantonese-speaking; English-speaking
- linguistic incompetence111.; See also linguistic competence See disadvantage.
- linguistic majority3, 11, 39, 43, 94, 109, 111, 173.; See also linguistic minoritySee Cantonese-speaking.
- linguistic minority3, 39, 40, 42, 45, 108, 175.; See also linguistic majority
- loss of power49, 68, 70, 73.See monolinguals
M
- Magistrates’ Court6, 12, 14, 18, 18n6, 19, 20, 27, 30, 31n18, 32, 33, 42, 92, 95, 99n3, 187, 205, 207.See court level
- majority language3, 39, 40, 41.; See also minority language
- majority verdict22, 134, 143, 144.See verdict
- mediation2, 9, 42, 54, 98, 108, 110, 113, 126, 135, 138, 174
- minority language39, 40, 113, 171.; See also majority language
- miscarriage of justice17, 21, 23, 130.; See also administration of justice; delivery of justice
- miscommunication2, 36, 113, 116, 119, 124, 125.See communication problem
- misinterpretation22, 46, 67, 87; See also interpretation error/mistake
- mitigation41.See trial procedure
- mode of interpreting/interpretation7, 38, 39, 41, 42, 48, 49, 51, 58, 94, 102, 108, 110, 111, 129, 134, 171, 173, 188.See chuchotage; consecutive interpreting/interpretation; simultaneous interpreting/interpretation; whispering
- monolinguals73, 74, 113, 164, 172.; See also bilingualsSee expatriate; loss of power.
- monolingual court proceedings43.; See also interpreter-mediated trial
- monologue7, 9, 171, 188.See jury instructions; opening speech; closing submission; summing-up
- monopolise4, 8, 87, 89.See power and control; powerful participant
N
- native language9, 33, 62, 102, 113, 114, 143, 151, 218
- negative face122.; See also positive face
- neutralise167.See interpreting style
- neutrality148, 166, 167.See impartiality
- no case to answer41.See trial procedure
- non-English-speaking (NES)11, 92, 111, 149.See disadvantage
- non-native English-speaking/speaker (NNES)4, 8, 111, 132, 140, 174.See disadvantage; expert witness; inequality
- norm1, 58, 74, 94, 147, 149, 151, 154, 164, 165, 168, 169.See direct speech; first-person interpreting
- novice27, 33, 149, 187, 188.See on-the-job training; trainee interpreter
O
- oath30, 114, 132, 137, 141.See affirmation
- Official Languages Officer (OLO)24, 37, 186
- Official Languages Ordinance18, 19, 19n8, 24
- omission2, 8, 9, 29, 46, 55, 56, 69, 74, 91, 92, 94, 97, 99, 103, 109, 110, 111, 158, 159, 166, 167, 168, 169, 173, 174, 180.See accuracy
- on-the-job training27, 30, 185.; See also pre-service training
- opening speech181.See monologue; trial procedure
- overhearer43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 54, 67, 70, 97, 164, 165, 169, 172, 175, 177.See audience role
- overlapping speech6, 183.See judicial intervention
P
- part-bilingual46, 47, 48, 53
- participant role5, 7, 8, 38, 40n1, 43, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 73, 86, 91, 166, 173, 175, 176
- participation framework30, 43, 48, 87, 93, 150, 166,.See Goffman, Erving
- participation status5, 7, 8, 39, 48, 51, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 90, 91, 94, 95, 97, 109, 110, 111, 115, 147, 154, 172, 173, 175, 177, 188, 189
- part-time interpreter24n13, 25, 30, 33, 37n2, 58, 58n2, 74, 147.See dialect interpreter; foreign language interpreter
- plain English131, 183, 184.See jury comprehension
- plea-taking1, 31, 32, 41, 42, 152, 153, 155.See trial procedure
- polysemy56, 57, 58, 60, 70.See ambiguity; context
- positive face122.; See also negative face
- post-colonial4, 20, 70.; See also colonial
- power asymmetry5, 9, 49, 112, 147, 162, 164, 169, 175, 176.See imbalance of power; power imbalance
- power and control5, 8, 49, 68, 70, 74, 86, 90, 91, 94, 112, 113, 173.See powerful participant; powerless participant
- power imbalance113, 114.See imbalance of power; power asymmetry
- powerful participant7, 49, 162, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 175.; See also powerless participantSee power and control.
- powerless participant167, 168.See power and control.See also powerful participant
- pragmatic consideration153, 165.See interpreting style
- pragmatic force50, 92, 177
- pre-service training185, 186n2.; See also on-the-job-training
- principal86, 150, 151, 166.See Goffman, Erving; participation framework; speaker role
- prosecution counsel54, 65, 66, 73, 76, 84, 96, 117, 158, 167, 168, 178.; See also defence counsel
- psychological factor164.See interpreting style; third-person interpreting
- public gallery35, 36, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 87, 89, 97, 99, 103, 109, 164, 169, 172, 175, 179, 180
Q
- quash91, 91n2, 132, 142, 145.See verdict
- quality of interpreting/interpretation12, 13, 14, 16, 23, 38, 92, 108, 172, 181, 189
R
- randomness133, 134, 146.See jury system; representativeness
- rapidity102, 107, 183.See judicial intervention
- re-examination41, 68, 69.See trial procedure
- reception role43, 48.See audience role
- relay interpreting33, 34, 40n1, 73.See dialect interpreter; part-time interpreter
- remuneration7, 37, 38, 181, 185, 186, 190
- rendition2, 8, 22, 23, 31, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 74, 80, 81, 85, 86, 89, 97, 98, 103, 108, 109, 148n1, 150, 152, 153, 173, 178, 183
- repair2, 84, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 183.See Conversation Analysis (CA)
- reported speech2, 9, 103, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 160, 161, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 217, 219.See interpreting style; third-person interpreting
- representativeness133, 134, 146.See jury system; randomness
S
- scrutiny/scrutinise19, 20, 177.See bilinguals; power and control
- second-language speaker113, 114, 176.See disadvantage; expert witness; inequality; non-native English speaking/speaker (NNES)
- self-protective device149, 163, 165.See interpreting style; reported speech; third-person interpreting
- self-represented111.See in person; legal representation
- sentence/sentencing1, 41, 42, 121, 123, 149, 161.See trial procedure
- simultaneous interpreting/interpretation (SI)26, 103, 179, 180.See mode of interpreting
- sociolinguistics5, 9, 176
- source language (SL)29, 42, 51, 59, 84, 92, 147, 152.; See also target language (TL)
- sovereignty19, 20, 146.See changeover
- speaker role43, 93, 111.; See also Goffman, Erving; participation frameworkSee animator; author; principal.
- spokesman31.See interpreter role
- strategic use of language56, 57, 112, 113, 130, 177
- Student Interpreter Scheme15.See Cadet Scheme
- summing-up41, 44, 136, 137, 140, 143.See monologue; trial procedure
T
- target language (TL)42, 51, 92, 173, 178.; See also source language (SL)
- team interpreting179, 180, 181, 187, 188
- testify3, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15, 33, 35, 36, 42, 48, 61, 112, 114, 115, 117, 135, 138, 171, 174, 179, 189.See testimony; trial procedure
- testimony2, 8, 19, 20, 22, 29, 48, 52, 61, 62, 64, 69, 70, 84, 86, 87, 89, 105, 106, 107, 112, 126, 138, 148n1, 163, 177, 188, 189.See testify; trial procedure
- third-person interpreting147, 149, 151, 159, 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 175, 217, 220.See interpreting style; reported speech
- trainee interpreter27, 28, 29, 153, 160, 165, 182.See novice; on-the-job training
- translation5, 9, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 42, 53, 66, 140, 148, 150, 152, 171, 176, 181, 185, 186, 187
- triadic communication8, 43, 45, 51, 54, 68, 70, 73, 86, 90, 173.; See also dyadic communication
- trial by jury129, 146.See jury system
- trial language18, 19, 20, 134, 186.See court language
- trial procedure27, 31, 41, 42, 186.See plea-taking; jury empanelling; opening speech; examination-in-chief; cross-examination; re-examination; case to answer; no case to answer; closing submission; summing-up; verdict; acquit; conviction; mitigation; sentence/sentencing
- trial proceedings1, 145, 146.See court proceedings
- trouble source turn126.See turn-taking system
- turn-taking system93, 116, 117.See trouble source turn
U
- ubiquity of interpreters4, 11, 134, 145.See bilingual Hong Kong courtroom; interpreter-mediated trial
- unanimous134, 214, 215.See verdict
- uncommon5, 7, 21, 30, 31, 40, 112, 171.See bilingual Hong Kong courtroom
- unique3, 8, 38, 171.See bilingual Hong Kong courtroom
V
- verdict9, 21, 22, 41, 42, 44, 57, 62, 92, 127, 132, 134, 136, 136n2, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 152, 153, 156, 161, 163, 172, 174, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215.; See also trial procedureSee majority verdict; unanimous.
W
- whispering29, 32, 35, 36, 42, 45, 54, 68, 86, 160, 180.See chuchotage; mode of interpreting
- working language24n13, 25, 33, 36, 73, 218