List of figures and tables
Figures
Figure 1.1
Milestones in the research of neurocognitive aspects of translation and
interpreting
Figure 2.1
Example of a word translation paradigm
Figure 2.2
Example of a lexical decision paradigm with cross-linguistic
priming
Figure 2.3
Example of a dual-task paradigm
Figure 2.4
Example of a color Stroop task
Figure 2.5
Example of fMRI recordings during language processing
Figure 2.6
Example of PET recordings during language processing
Figure 2.7
Example of an ERP modulation during language processing
Figure 2.8
Example of oscillatory activity during language processing
Figure 2.9
Example of functional connectivity during language processing
Figure 3.1
Midsagittal section of the brain
Figure 3.2
Lateral section of the left hemisphere
Figure 3.3
A depiction of some Brodmann areas
Figure 3.4
Some subcortical structures involved in language processing
Figure 3.5
Main frontostriatal and temporo-parietal pathways implicated in verbal
processing
Figure 3.6
Structural components of a neuron
Figure 3.7
A rough illustration of a synapse
Figure 3.8
MRI images of the brain of patient Leborgne
Figure 3.9
Activation patterns associated with syntactic processing
Figure 3.10
Convergent evidence for the distributed neural network underpinning
semantic cognition, including findings from multiple studies
Figure 3.11
Schematic depiction (on a single axial slice) of the main neural hubs
subserving executive control and language production in bilinguals
Figure 4.1
The Neuroarchitectural Translation Model
Figure 4.2
Main functional components involved in the process of simultaneous
interpretation (per Fabbro 1999: 205)
Figure 5.1
Basic architecture of non-directional models in cognitive TIS
Figure 5.2
Neural signatures of word translation in forward and backward
direction
Figure 5.3
Neural signatures of simultaneous interpreting into L1 and L2
Figure 5.4
Differential modulations of activity in and around Broca’s area during
backward and forward translation
Figure 5.5
EEG connectivity patterns during translation from ten professional
translators
Figure 5.6
Intracranial EEG connectivity during translation from a proficient
bilingual
Figure 5.7
ERP waveforms underlying translation of two word classes in both
directions
Figure 5.8
Intracranial ERP recordings from a proficient bilingual during BT and
FT
Figure 5.9
The Revised Hierarchical Model
Figure 6.1
Dissociation between word and sentence translation following
frontostriatal damage
Figure 6.2
Critical role of the primary motor cortex in the translation of action
verbs
Figure 6.3
Time course of translation-equivalent processing as a function of
semantic and form-level overlap
Figure 6.4
Unconscious activation of translation equivalents during single-language
tasks
Figure 6.5
Oscillatory dynamics during translation of words with different
frequency
Figure 6.6
A psycholinguistic account of the concreteness effect
Figure 6.7
Semantic magnitude effects during number-word translation
Figure 6.8
Cognate effects in English-Spanish bilinguals with different levels of
informal translation competence
Figure 7.1
Differential patterns of regional activation during simultaneous
interpreting
Figure 7.2
Training-induced cortical thickness changes in simultaneous interpreting
students
Figure 7.3
Training-induced changes in brain activation during simultaneous
interpreting for interpreter trainees relative to untrained
multilinguals
Figure 7.4
Gray matter differences between professional simultaneous interpreters
and bilingual control subjects
Figure 7.5
N400 differences during semantic decision for simultaneous interpreters
and multilingual controls
Figure 7.6
Verbal fluency and word translation speed in simultaneous interpreters
and bilingual controls
Figure 7.7
Picture-naming and word-reading speed in simultaneous interpreters and
bilingual controls
Figure 7.8
Working memory outcomes for simultaneous interpreters, foreign-language
teachers, and bilingual students
Figure 7.9
Performance on single and dual n-back tasks for
simultaneous interpreters and bilingual controls
Figure 7.10
Switching and mixing costs in simultaneous interpreters and bilingual
controls
Tables
Table 3.1
Brodmann areas and rough neuroanatomical correspondences
Table 4.1
Compulsive translation
Table 4.2
Inability to translate
Table 4.3
Paradoxical translation behavior
Table 4.4
Translation without comprehension