The neurobiological systems that mediate the basic emotions are beginning to be understood. They appear to be constituted of genetically coded, but experientially refined executive circuits situated in subcortical areas of the brain which can coordinate the behavioral, physiological and psychological processes that need to be recruited to cope with a variety of primal survival needs (i.e., they signal evolutionary fitness issues). These birthrights allow newborn organisms to begin navigating the complexities of the world and to learn about the values and contingencies of the environment. Some of these systems have been identified and characterized using modern neuroscientific and psychobiological tools. The fundamental emotional systems can now be defined by the functional psychobiological characteristics of the underlying circuitries — characteristics which help coordinate behavioral, physiological and psychological aspects of emotionality, including the valenced affective feeling states that provide fundamental values for the guidance of behavior. The various emotional circuits are coordinated by different neuropeptides, and the arousal of each system may generate distinct affective/neurodynamic states and imbalances may lead to various psychiatric disorders. The aim of this essay is to discuss the underlying conceptual issues that must be addressed for additional progress in understanding the nature of primary process affective consciousness.
Alexandrov, Yuri I., Vasily Klucharev & Mikko Sams
2007. Effect of emotional context in auditory-cortex processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology 65:3 ► pp. 261 ff.
Alexandrov, Yuri I. & Mikko E. Sams
2005. Emotion and consciousness: Ends of a continuum. Cognitive Brain Research 25:2 ► pp. 387 ff.
Baggio, Guido
2016. The Influence of Dewey’s and Mead’s Functional Psychology Upon Veblen’s Evolutionary Economics. European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy VIII:1
Birch, Ivan, Tabitha Birch & Diane Bray
2016. The identification of emotions from gait. Science & Justice 56:5 ► pp. 351 ff.
Bornstein, Robert F.
2005. Reconnecting psychoanalysis to mainstream psychology. Challenges and opportunities.. Psychoanalytic Psychology 22:3 ► pp. 323 ff.
Coutinho, Eduardo & Angelo Cangelosi
2007. 2007 International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems, ► pp. 133 ff.
Coutinho, Eduardo, Eduardo R. Miranda & Angelo Cangelosi
2005. 2005 Purtuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ► pp. 54 ff.
Ellis, Ralph D.
2013. Neuroscience as a Human Science: Integrating Phenomenology and Empiricism in the Study of Action and Consciousness. Human Studies 36:4 ► pp. 491 ff.
Faucher, Luc, Pierre Poirier & Jean Lachapelle
2006. La théorie des systèmes développementaux et la construction sociale des maladies mentales1. Philosophiques 33:1 ► pp. 147 ff.
Gammon, Earl
2020. Affective neuroscience, emotional regulation, and international relations. International Theory 12:2 ► pp. 189 ff.
Graupner, Sven‐Thomas, Boris M. Velichkovsky, Sebastian Pannasch & Johannes Marx
2007. Surprise, surprise: Two distinct components in the visually evoked distractor effect. Psychophysiology 44:2 ► pp. 251 ff.
Greenberg, Leslie S.
2002. Evolutionary Perspectives on Emotion: Making Sense of What We Feel. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 16:3 ► pp. 331 ff.
Kolbeneva, Marina G., Yuri I. Alexandrov & Philip Allen
2016. Mental Reactivation and Pleasantness Judgment of Experience Related to Vision, Hearing, Skin Sensations, Taste and Olfaction. PLOS ONE 11:7 ► pp. e0159036 ff.
Majeed, Raamy
2019. What Can Information Encapsulation Tell Us About Emotional Rationality?. In The Value of Emotions for Knowledge, ► pp. 51 ff.
Margariti, Maria M. & Ilias I. Vlachos
2022. The concept of psychotic arousal and its relevance to abnormal subjective experiences in schizophrenia. A hypothesis for the formation of primary delusions. Medical Hypotheses 166 ► pp. 110915 ff.
Pace-Schott, Edward F., Marlissa C. Amole, Tatjana Aue, Michela Balconi, Lauren M. Bylsma, Hugo Critchley, Heath A. Demaree, Bruce H. Friedman, Anne Elizabeth Kotynski Gooding, Olivia Gosseries, Tanja Jovanovic, Lauren A.J. Kirby, Kasia Kozlowska, Steven Laureys, Leroy Lowe, Kelsey Magee, Marie-France Marin, Amanda R. Merner, Jennifer L. Robinson, Robert C. Smith, Derek P. Spangler, Mark Van Overveld & Michael B. VanElzakker
2003. At the interface of the affective, behavioral, and cognitive neurosciences: Decoding the emotional feelings of the brain. Brain and Cognition 52:1 ► pp. 4 ff.
Panksepp, Jaak
2003. Commentary on “Understanding Addictive Vulnerability”. Neuropsychoanalysis 5:1 ► pp. 21 ff.
Panksepp, Jaak
2003. Can anthropomorphic analyses of separation cries in other animals inform us about the emotional nature of social loss in humans? Comment on Blumberg and Sokoloff (2001).. Psychological Review 110:2 ► pp. 376 ff.
Panksepp, Jaak
2003. The neural nature of the core SELF: implications for understanding schizophrenia. In The Self in Neuroscience and Psychiatry, ► pp. 197 ff.
Panksepp, Jaak
2004. Basic Affects and the Instinctual Emotional Systems of the Brain. In Feelings and Emotions, ► pp. 174 ff.
Panksepp, Jaak, Jeff Burgdorf, Cortney Turner & Nakia Gordon
2003. Modeling ADHD-type arousal with unilateral frontal cortex damage in rats and beneficial effects of play therapy. Brain and Cognition 52:1 ► pp. 97 ff.
Panksepp, Jaak & David Pincus
2004. Commentary. Neuropsychoanalysis 6:2 ► pp. 197 ff.
Pataki, Ferenc
2002. Az „affektív forradalom” dilemmái. Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 57:4 ► pp. 605 ff.
Stemmler, Gerhard, Tatjana Aue & Jan Wacker
2007. Anger and fear: Separable effects of emotion and motivational direction on somatovisceral responses. International Journal of Psychophysiology 66:2 ► pp. 141 ff.
Talaska, Cara A., Susan T. Fiske & Shelly Chaiken
2008. Legitimating Racial Discrimination: Emotions, Not Beliefs, Best Predict Discrimination in a Meta-Analysis. Social Justice Research 21:3 ► pp. 263 ff.
Velichkovsky, Boris M.
2007. Towards an Evolutionary Framework for Human Cognitive Neuroscience. Biological Theory 2:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
[no author supplied]
2019. Intersemiotic translation: meaning-making in film and musical art. Cognition, Communication, Discourse :19
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 march 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.