Table of contents
List of figures and tables
XI
Abbreviations
XIII
Preface
XV
Foreword
XVII
Theoretical framework
1
0.1The role of ablaut in the historical morphology of Afro-Asiatic languages
1
0.2Grammaticalization
4
0.3Word and Paradigm model
9
0.4‘Chronogenetic’ approach
15
0.5Trajectories toward analytic constructions during the later stages
20
0.6Linguistic methods of analyzing written texts
27
0.7Three aims of this monograph
31
Chapter 1:Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) Languages
33
1.1Classification of Afro-Asiatic languages
33
1.2Geography and prehistory of Afro-Asiatic languages
35
1.3Diachronic stages
38
1.4Some remarks on the development of their nominal systems
38
Chapter 2:Semitic aspectual and diathetic systems
41
2.1Aspect and diathesis in North-East Semitic
43
2.1.1Aspectual system of Akkadian
43
2.1.2Middle voice (reflexive/reciprocal diathesis)
49
2.1.3Passive voice in Akkadian
52
2.1.4Quasinominals (participles and infinitives)
55
2.2The situation in Eblaite
56
Chapter 3:Central and South Semitic languages
59
3.1Ugaritic
59
3.2Old Aramaic
60
3.3Old (Biblical) Hebrew
69
3.4Classical Arabic
74
3.5South Semitic
77
3.5.1Ethio-Semitic (Gǝʕǝz)
77
3.5.2Modern Semitic of Southern Arabia
79
Chapter 4:Proto-Semitic aspectual and diathetic system
81
4.1Reconstructing the Proto-Semitic aspectual and diathetic system
81
4.2Evidence of Central and South Semitic languages
86
4.3Modal categories of Akkadian and Classical Arabic
92
4.4Reconstructing the Proto-Semitic Imperfective
99
4.5Some parallels with Proto-Indo-European
101
Chapter 5:Berber aspectual and diathetic system
103
5.1Atlas-Berber
105
5.1.1Tamazight
105
5.1.2Tashelhiyt
107
5.2Northern Berber – Taqbaylit
108
5.3Twareg
109
5.4Berber parallels with Semitic
111
5.5Berber diathetic system
116
5.6Reconstructing the Proto-Berber aspectual and diathetic system
117
Chapter 6:Cushitic aspectual and diathetic system
123
6.1North Cushitic (Beja)
123
6.2The role of ablaut in Beja
129
6.3Evidence for the suffix conjugation in East Cushitic
133
6.4Reconstructing the Proto-Semito-Berbero-Cushitic aspectual and diathetic system
134
Chapter 7:Old Egyptian aspectual and diathetic system
137
7.1Introduction
137
7.2Old Egyptian core aspectual system
141
7.3Mood and modality
143
7.4On the semi-ergative typology of Old Egyptian
144
7.5Old Egyptian quasinominals (infinitive and participles)
146
7.6Old Egyptian aspectual system and its Semitic, Berber and Cushitic counterparts
150
7.7Tense and aspect in Late(r) Egyptian
151
Chapter 8:Chadic aspectual and diathetic system
155
8.1The verbal system of West Chadic languages
155
8.2East Chadic languages
156
8.3Relative chronology of the development in Chadic
158
Chapter 9:Proto-Afro-Asiatic aspectual and diathetic system
159
9.1Reconstructing Proto-Afro-Asiatic prefix and suffix conjugations
159
9.2The Afro-Asiatic background of the Semitic t-stem
161
9.3Reconstructing the Proto-Afro-Asiatic aspectual and diathetic system
164
9.4Reconstructing Proto-Afro-Asiatic quasinominal categories
168
Chapter 10:Typology and universals of tense and aspect
173
10.1The exploitation of ablaut for aspectual purposes
173
10.2Indo-European parallels to the development of the inflectional Perfect in Semitic
178
10.3Turkic parallels to the aspectual trichotomy in Afro-Asiatic and Indo-European phyla
182
10.4The establishment of the Perfect and the Middle in Semitic
184
10.5The notional proximity of the Perfective and Perfect (retrospective)
186
10.6From aspect-prominent to tense-prominent typology
189
10.7Analytic formations in Ancient Indo-European and Semitic languages
193
10.8Typology and universals of tense and aspect
197
10.9The relationship of quasinominal forms to their finite counterparts
203
10.10Contribution of Afro-Asiatic to general Historical Linguistics
206
Postscript
211
References
213
Index of authors
225
Subject index
227
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