Index of Languages & language families
A
- Afrikaans
187, 202, 208, 216, 219, 222, 225–226
- Arabic
ix, 5, 387, 389, 391–392, 396, 401–402, 453–456, 470–471, 475, 484, 488
- Palestinian Arabic
5, 453, 455, 470
- Gazan
5, 453–456, 458–459, 461–463, 465–470
- Jaffan
5, 453–455, 458–459, 461–470
- Aramaic
1, 5, 387–389, 391–394, 396–397, 404–406
- Neo-Aramaic
1, 5, 387–389, 392, 404–406
- North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA)
5, 387–398, 400–403, 405–406
- Armenian
174, 387, 389, 392–393, 396, 401–402, 406
B
- Balkan
284, 288, 290, 473, 481
- Bulgarian
284, 288, 290, 482–483, 488
- Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS)
5, 473–483, 485–488
- Balochi
278, 280–281, 289, 291
- Baltic
4, 293–299, 307–314
- Balto-Slavic
49–50, 58–59
- Basque
2, 143–149, 151–152, 154–160
- Proto-Basque
2, 143–144, 158–160
- Belarusian
293, 296–299, 309–311, 314–315
C
- Celtic
30, 49–50, 53–55, 58–59, 61–62, 176, 180
- Chinese
149, 159, 174, 431, 443
- Czech
277, 305–307, 314, 359
D
- Danish
233, 235–236, 243–244, 249, 375
- Dutch
184, 187–188, 191, 195, 202, 233–235, 243–244, 485, 488
E
- English
ix–x, 3, 5, 21–23, 26, 28, 30, 48, 62, 79, 83, 101, 143, 170, 178, 183–185, 188, 190, 201, 229–238, 240–244, 247–250, 270, 317, 320, 324–325, 328–331, 334–339, 343–348, 358–360, 363, 368, 375, 377–378, 382–383, 409–411, 414–416, 418–419, 421, 424, 427–430, 444, 448, 450, 475, 488
- Old English (OE)
30, 35, 83, 178, 231, 236–239, 241–243, 250, 344, 347–348, 421, 421, 428
- Anglo-Norman
242, 244–245, 248–249, 415, 419, 427–429
- Middle English (ME)
3, 5, 31, 42, 67, 75, 82, 86, 88, 90, 120, 131, 136, 146, 148–149, 151–153, 229–232, 234, 236–243, 247–248, 250, 257, 259–260, 275–276, 286, 295, 306, 325, 329–330, 337, 347, 359, 364, 367, 373, 383, 394–395, 401, 409–410, 415–423, 425, 427, 429–430, 451
- Early Modern English
83, 101, 229, 248, 339, 347, 359, 427
- Modern English
83, 101, 229, 232, 237, 240, 244, 248, 339, 347–348, 359, 383, 427, 429
- European
2, 6, 26–27, 30, 45–46, 49–52, 54–55, 57, 59, 61–62, 83, 102, 139, 141, 145, 158, 207, 227, 302, 309, 311, 313–314, 432, 473, 475–476, 478
- Standard Average European (SAE)
145, 158
F
- French
1, 3–5, 102, 110, 205, 209, 217, 238, 240–248, 253–261, 263–271, 315, 344, 347, 400, 409–410, 413, 415, 418–420, 422, 427–430, 448
- Old French
1, 5, 253–258, 260, 263–265, 267–271, 409–410, 415, 418–419, 427, 429–430
G
- German
x, 3, 170, 175, 179, 183–186, 188–192, 194–196, 198, 200–202, 205, 208–209, 212, 214–218, 222–223, 225–227, 230, 232–236, 244, 249, 299, 309, 315, 348–349, 363, 368, 375, 382–383, 392, 404, 410, 417–418, 485
- Old High German (OHG)
209–212, 214, 225, 382
- Middle High German (MHG)
185, 188, 190–191, 193–196, 199, 201, 208, 225
- Modern Standard German (MSG)
208–214, 223, 225, 232, 236
- Alemannic
205, 214, 216, 227
- Walser
3, 205–206, 212, 214, 216–217, 223
- Germanic
ix, 3, 5, 30, 46, 49–50, 53–54, 56, 58–62, 83, 101, 183–184, 187, 190, 201–203, 205, 207–208, 212, 218–219, 224, 226–227, 229, 231–232, 234, 237–238, 241, 243, 246, 248–250, 254, 270–271, 360, 363–364, 368, 377, 379, 381–384, 426–427
- Proto-Germanic
49–50, 53–54, 58–62, 212, 227
- West Germanic
183–184, 202, 232
- Greek
1–2, 9–10, 13, 16, 18, 25–33, 35, 37–38, 41–42, 44, 46–48, 52, 56, 58–59, 60–62, 119, 283, 288, 300–302
- Classical Greek
29–31, 33, 37–38, 41–42, 44, 46
I
- Icelandic
4, 30, 45–46, 101, 139, 244, 363–369, 371–384, 430
- Indo-European / Proto-Indo-European (PIE)
2, 30, 45, 49–52, 54–55, 57, 59, 61–62, 102, 139, 141, 207, 227, 302, 313–314
- Iranian
- West Iranian
4, 273, 278, 282, 286, 290, 292, 405
- Irish
47, 55–56, 59, 61–63, 171–172, 180
- Italian
21, 23, 38, 48, 69, 96, 110, 138–139, 141, 169, 175, 205–206, 209–210, 214, 216–217, 226, 269, 420
- Old Florentine
125, 129–130, 133
- Old Lombard
125–126, 129, 133
- Old Logudorese Sardinian
124–125, 128, 132–133, 135, 139
- Old Venetian
125–126, 128–129, 133
- Italic / Proto-Italic
49–50, 52, 56, 58–59
K
- Kurdish
273, 280, 282–284, 286–287, 290, 292, 387, 389, 392–399, 403–404, 406
L
- Latin
2–3, 30, 34–35, 46–47, 58–59, 61–62, 67–68, 71–72, 76, 78–79, 84–89, 93–94, 96, 101–102, 109–121, 123–125, 127–130, 133–141, 144–145, 170, 175–179, 180, 209, 236, 239, 241, 244, 248, 253–254, 256, 258–259, 264, 267–271, 276–277, 303, 308–309, 325, 337, 344, 348–349, 353, 370–371, 373, 380, 400, 432, 436, 450
- Early Latin
46, 59, 76, 124
- Late Latin
68, 89, 111–112, 115–118, 120–121, 123–125, 127–128, 134–135, 137–139, 264, 269–270
- Lithuanian
46, 293, 296–299, 307–309, 311, 313–314, 316
- Luri
282, 284, 286–287, 290
- Luxembourgish
3, 183–185, 187–189, 191, 196–201
M
- Macedonian
284, 288, 290–291, 483, 488
P
- Persian
4, 273–292, 387, 389, 396, 475
- Early New Persian
4, 273, 276, 278–279, 281, 284, 289
- Middle Persian
4, 273, 275–281, 289
- New Persian
4, 273, 276–289, 291–292
- Polish
169–171, 277, 280, 293, 297–299, 303, 306–314, 316
R
- Romance
ix, 2, 83, 102–103, 109–111, 118, 120–122, 125–128, 133–135, 137–141, 144–145, 205, 209, 214, 216, 227, 253–254, 257, 259, 267–271, 392, 420, 427, 448, 481, 484, 488
- Russian
46, 166, 172–174, 180–181, 283, 291, 293, 295–299, 305, 309–311, 313–316
- Northwest Russian
295–297, 309–311
S
- Scandinavian
45, 232, 234, 249, 348, 382–383
- Slavic
4, 30, 49–50, 58–59, 168–169, 179, 273, 277, 283, 288, 290, 293–299, 301–305, 307–316, 392, 404, 473–474, 482, 484, 488
- Old Church Slavonic (OCS)
60–61, 168–169, 180, 295, 298, 300–302
- North Slavic
4, 293–296, 298–299, 303, 307, 310–312
- South Slavic
288, 473–474, 482
- Sorani
278, 280, 282–283, 389, 396, 399, 406
- Spanish
x, 2, 65–66, 68, 76, 78, 81–88, 91–96, 98, 100–105, 110, 158, 392, 404, 429, 484
- Medieval Spanish
83–87, 93–96, 100–101
- Golden Age Spanish
85, 98, 100
- Swedish
4, 184, 190, 233, 244, 343–346, 348–350, 353–354, 358–361, 363, 366–368, 383–384
- Old Swedish
4, 343–346, 348, 350, 353–354, 358, 360–361
T
- Tajik
273, 277, 280–281, 284–287, 289–290
- Titsch
3, 205–206, 212–215, 217–220, 223–226
- Turkic
4, 168, 273, 287–288, 290–292, 387, 389, 396, 398
- Turkish
5–6, 284, 287–288, 290–291, 473–483, 485, 487–488
U
- Ukrainian
169–170, 293, 298–299, 305, 307–311, 313–316
V
- Vietnamese
431–432, 434–438, 440–444, 447–450
- Middle Vietnamese
432, 440, 443