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Part of
Keys to the History of English: Diachronic linguistic change, morpho-syntax and lexicography
Edited by Thijs Porck, Moragh S. Gordon and Luisella Caon
[Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 363] 2024
► pp. 10–33

Parataxis and hypotaxis in the history of English

| University of Konstanz
The claim that parataxis precedes hypotaxis in the history of English is an idea with a long pedigree; however, the empirical evidence for it is limited. In this chapter, I revisit the question of parataxis and hypotaxis diachronically, focusing on two different claims. The first is the idea that finite clausal complementation emerged from clausal juxtaposition. Following Axel-Tober (2012, 2017), I argue that this scenario is implausible. The second is the idea that the proportion of subordinate clauses increases gradually over time. This quantitative claim can be assessed using parsed historical corpora. No gradual increase can be observed; rather, we see substantial genre-conditioned variation. I conclude that the idea of parataxis preceding hypotaxis might be ready for retirement.
Keywords: parataxis, hypotaxis, clause structure, reanalysis, complementation
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Does finite clausal complementation emerge from juxtaposition?
    • 2.1That-complementation in English and clause fusion
    • 2.2That-complementation in English: Problems with the standard scenario
    • 2.3That-complementation in English: An alternative scenario
  • 3.Do subordinate clauses become more frequent over the history of English?
    • 3.1Frequency of clause types: Sources and methods
    • 3.2Frequency of clause types: Hypotaxis level results
    • 3.3Frequency of clause types: More fine-grained distinctions
  • 4.Summary and conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 4 April 2024
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.363.01wal
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