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Chinese Language and Discourse: Online-First Articles

词汇多义性和句法连续性

以汉语“有”为例

ORCID logo | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

本研究通过梳理汉语中具有较高使用频率的“有”在共时和历时层面、口语和书面语中的使用情况，发现“有”可以跟多种语类范畴共现，构成新的句法成分，占据不同的句法层级，获得不同的语义或语用解读。在共时上，语料涉及普通话和六种典型方言中“有”的语义或语用解读和功能表现，在历时上比较了现代汉语和古代汉语中“有”的词汇多义性。本研究以“有”的词汇多义性为出发点，采用生成语法视角描绘了不同语义或语用解读的“有”的句法层级高低，展示了“有”的句法连续性，同时为汉语词汇语法化过程提供了语义和句法视角下的证据。

Keywords: “有”, 词汇多义性, 句法连续性, 历时, 共时
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.“有”的词汇多义性特征
    • 2.1“有”的词汇性用法
      • 2.1.1领属
      • 2.1.2存在
      • 2.1.3小结
    • 2.2“有”的功能性用法
      • 2.2.1程度
      • 2.2.2时：进行、过去、将来
      • 2.2.3体：完成
      • 2.2.4肯定
      • 2.2.5强调
      • 2.2.6其他功能性用法
    • 2.3小结
  • 3.“有”的句法连续性
    • 3.1词汇性“有”的句法描述
    • 3.2功能性“有”的句法描述
    • 3.3小结
  • 4.结语
  • 致谢
  • 笔记
  • 参考文献

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 22 March 2024
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.00047.li
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