Article published In:
Chinese Language and DiscourseVol. 15:1 (2024) ► pp.105–141
The DIG Mandarin Conversations (DMC) Corpus
Mundane phone calls in Mandarin Chinese as resources for research and teaching
This paper introduces the DMC Corpus – a newly collected dataset of 150 mundane cell phone calls
from Mainland China in Mandarin Chinese (audio and detailed transcripts) – which is now publicly available for use in research and
teaching. In this report, we first describe the constitution and current contents of the DMC Corpus, as well as instructions for
access. Additional calls will be added periodically to the Corpus, and so the quantitative overview presented here should be
considered conservative. We then provide concrete examples of the sorts of phenomena that might be explored with these new data,
underscoring how the Corpus offers researchers the ability to build systematic collections for analysis – no matter whether
researchers prefer to begin with ‘forms’ (e.g., utterance-final particles), with ‘functions’ (e.g., complaining), and/or with the
temporal organization of interaction itself (e.g., preference organization, repair). The paper concludes with an explicit call for
increased research on Mandarin conversation, to which we hope the materials in the DMC Corpus will contribute.
Keywords: Mandarin (Chinese), discourse, conversation, social interaction, open-access data, conversation analysis (CA), corpus development
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Existing corpora of Mandarin: Data and transcripts
- 3.The ‘DIG Mandarin Conversations’ (DMC) Corpus
- 3.1Access to the corpus
- 3.2Contents of the corpus
- 3.3Transcriptions
- 4.Sample analyzable phenomena
- 4.1‘Form to function’: Utterance-final particles
- 4.2‘Function to form’: Complaining
- 4.3Interactional phenomena: Temporality
- 5.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
-
References
References (184)
Arminen, Ilkka, and Minna Leinonen. 2006. “Mobile
phone call openings: Tailoring answers to personalized summonses.” Discourse
Studies,
8
(3):339–368. 
Atkinson, J. Maxwell, and John Heritage. 1984. Structures
of Social Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Baldauf-Quilliatre, H., I. Colón de Carvajal, C. Etienne, E. Jouin-Chardon, S. Teston-Bonnard, and V. Traverso. 2016. CLAPI,
une base de données multimodale pour la parole en interaction: apports et
dilemmes. Corpus 151. Available online at:
Black, Steven P. 2017. “Anthropological Ethics and the
Communicative Affordances of Audio-Video Recorders in Ethnographic Fieldwork: Transduction as
Theory.” American
Anthropologist
119
(1):46–57.
Bolden, Galina B., John Heritage, and Marja-Leena Sorjonen, eds. 2023. Responding to Polar Questions across Languages and Contexts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bolden, Galina B., and Jeffrey D. Robinson. 2011. “Soliciting
accounts with ‘why’-interrogatives in naturally occurring English conversation.” Journal of
Communication,
61
1:94–119.
Canavan, Alexandra, and George Zipperlen. 1996a. CALLFRIEND
Mandarin Chinese-Mainland Dialect LDC96S55. Web
Download. Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium.
. 1996b. CALLHOME
Mandarin Chinese Speech LDC96S34. Web
Download. Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium.
Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken
Chinese. Oakland: University of California Press.
Chu, Chauncey C. 1998. A Discourse Grammar of Mandarin
Chinese. Berlin: Peter Lang.
2009. “Relevance and the discourse
functions of Mandarin utterance-final modality particles.” Language and Linguistics
Compass
3
(1):282–299.
Chui, Kawai. 1996. “Organization
of repair in Chinese conversation.” Text &
Talk,
16
(3):343–372.
Chui, Kawai, and Huei-Ling Lai. 2008. “The
NCCU Corpus of Spoken Chinese: Mandarin, Hakka, and Southern Min.” Taiwan Journal of
Linguistics,
6
(2):119–144.
Clayman, Steven E. 2024, in
press. Working with collections in Conversation
Analysis. In The Cambridge Handbook of Methods in Conversation
Analysis, edited by J. D. Robinson, R. Clift, K.-H. Kenrick, and C. W. Raymond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Clayman, Steven E., and Virginia Teas Gill. 2023. Conversation
Analysis. In The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis, edited
by M. Handford, and J. P. Gee, 64–84. London: Routledge.
Clayman, Steven E., and John Heritage. 2014. Benefactors
and beneficiaries: Benefactive status and stance in the management of offers and
requests. In Requesting in Social
Interaction, edited by P. Drew, and E. Couper-Kuhlen, 55–86. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Clift, Rebecca. 2014. “Visible
deflation: Embodiment and emotion in interaction.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
47
(4):380–403.
. 2016. Conversation
Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Clift, Rebecca, and Chase Wesley Raymond. 2018. “Actions
in practice: On details in collections.” Discourse
Studies,
20
(1):90–119.
Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth. 2012. Some
truths and untruths about final intonation in conversational
questions. In Questions: Formal, Functional and Interactional
Perspectives, edited by J. De Ruiter, 123–145. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 2021. “Language
over time: Some old and new uses of OKAY in American English.” Interactional
Linguistics,
1
(1):33–63.
Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth, and Margret Selting. 2018. Interactional
Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Curl, Traci S. 2006. “Offers of assistance:
Constraints on syntactic design.” Journal of
Pragmatics,
38
1:1257–1280.
Curl, Traci S., and Paul Drew. 2008. “Contingency
and action: A comparison of two forms of requesting.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
41
(2):1–25.
Davidson, Judy. 1984. Subsequent
Versions of Invitations, Offers, Requests, and Proposals Dealing with Potential or Actual
Rejection. In Structures of Social
Action, edited by J. M. Atkinson, and J. Heritage, 102–128. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dersley, Ian, and Anthony Wootton. 2000. “Complaint
Sequences Within Antagonistic Argument.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
33
1:375–406.
Dong, Boyu, and Yaxin Wu. 2020. “Generic
solicitude in sequence-initial position as a practice for pre-closing proposals in Mandarin telephone
calls.” East Asian
Pragmatics,
5
(3):393–418.
Drew, Paul. 1984. Speakers’
Reportings in Invitation Sequences. In Structures of Social
Action, edited by J. M. Atkinson, and J. Heritage, 152–164. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 1997. “‘Open’
class repair initiators in response to sequential sources of trouble in conversation.” Journal
of
Pragmatics,
28
1:69–101.
. 1998. “Complaints
about transgressions and misconduct.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
31
(3/4):295–325.
. 2009. “Quit
talking while I’m interrupting:” (a comparison between) positions of overlap onset in
conversation. In Talk in Interaction: Comparative
Dimensions, edited by M. Haakana, M. Laakso, and J. Lindström, 70–93. Finland: Finnish Literature Society.
. 2013. “Turn
design.” The Handbook of Conversation Analysis, edited
by J. Sidnell, and T. Stivers, 131–149. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
. 2018. “Epistemics
in social interaction.” Discourse
Studies,
20
(1):163–187.
. 2022. The
micro-politics of social actions. In Action Ascription in Social
Interaction, edited by A. Deppermann, and M. Haugh, 57–82. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Drew, Paul, and Alexa Hepburn. 2016. “Absent
apologies.” Discourse
Processes,
53
(1–2):114–131.
Drew, Paul, and Elizabeth Holt. 1988. “Complainable
matters: The use of idiomatic expressions in making complaints.” Social
Problems,
35
(4):398–417.
Drew, Paul, and Traci S. Walker. 2009. “Going
too far: Complaining, escalating and disaffiliation.” Journal of
Pragmatics,
41
(12):2400–2414.
Drew, Paul, Ana Cristina Ostermann, and Chase Wesley Raymond. 2024, in
press. Conversation analysis as a comparative
methodology. In The Cambridge Handbook of Methods in Conversation
Analysis, edited by J. D. Robinson, R. Clift, K. H. Kendrick, and C. W. Raymond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Drew, Paul, Traci Walker, and Richard Ogden. 2013. “Self-Repair and Action Construction.” In Conversational Repair and Human Understanding, edited by M. Hayashi, G. Raymond, and J. Sidnell, 71–94. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Du Bois, John W., Wallace L. Chafe, Charles Meyer, Sandra A. Thompson, Robert Englebretson, and Nii Martey. 2000–2005. Santa
Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English, Parts 1–4. Linguistic Data Consortium.
Du Bois, John W., Susanna Cumming, Stephan Schuetze-Coburn, and Danae Paolino. 1993. Outline
of discourse transcription. In Talking data: Transcription and coding
in discourse research, edited by J. A. Edwards, and M. D. Lampert, London: Psychology Press.
Edwards, Derek. 2005. “Moaning,
whinging and laughing: The subjective side of complaints.” Discourse
Studies,
7
(1):5–29.
Enfield, N. J., Tanya Stivers, Penelope Brown, Cristina Englert, Katariina Harjunpää, Makoto Hayashi, Trine Heinemann, Gertie Hoymann, Tiina Keisanen, Mirka Rauniomaa, Chase Wesley Raymond, Federico Rossano, Kyung-Eun Yoon, Inge Zwitserlood, and Stephen C. Levinson. 2019. “Polar
answers.” Journal of
Linguistics,
55
(2):277–304.
Erbaggio, Pierluigi, Sangeetha Gopalakrishnan, Sandra Hobbs, and Haiyong Liu. 2012. “Enhancing
student engagement through online authentic materials.” The IALLT
Journal 42(2):27–51.
Erickson, Frederick. 2011. “Uses
of video in social research: a brief history.” International Journal of Social Research
Methodology,
14
(3):179–189.
Fox, Barbara A., Sandra A. Thompson, Cecilia E. Ford, and Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen. 2013. Conversation
Analysis and Linguistics. In The Handbook of Conversation
Analysis, edited by J. Sidnell, and T. Stivers, 726–740. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Fox, Barbara A., Fay Wouk, Makoto Hayashi, Steven Fincke, Liang Tao, Marja-Leena Sorjonen, Miina Laakso, and Wilfrido Flores Hernandez. 2009. A
cross-linguistic investigation of the site of initiation in same-turn
self-repair. In Comparative Studies in Conversation
Analysis, edited by J. Sidnell, 59–103. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gilmore, Alex. 2007. “Authentic
materials and authenticity in foreign language learning.” Language
Teaching,
40
(2):97–118.
Glenn, Phillip. 2003. Laughter
in Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 2019. Conflict
interaction: Insights from conversation analysis. In The Routledge
Handbook of Language in Conflict, edited by M. Evans, L. Jeffries, and J. O’Driscoll, 215–245. London: Routledge.
Haakana, Markku. 2001. “Laughter
as a patient’s resource: Dealing with delicate aspects of medical
interaction.” Text,
21
(1):187–219.
Hayano, Kaoru. 2013. Question
design in conversation. In The Handbook of Conversation
Analysis, edited by J. Sidnell, and T. Stivers, 395–414. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Heath, Christian, Jon Hindmarsh, and Paul Luff. 2010. Video
in Qualitative
Research. London: Sage.
Heritage, John. 1984a. A
change-of-state token and aspects of Its sequential
placement. In Structures of Social
Action, edited by J. M. Atkinson, and J. Heritage, 299–345. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 1984b. Garfinkel
and Ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
. 2012. “Epistemics
in action: Action formation and territories of knowledge.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
45
(1):1–29.
. 2018. Turn-initial
particles in English: The cases of Oh and
Well
. In Turn-Initial Particles Across
Languages, edited by J. Heritage, and M.-L. Sorjonen, 155–189. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Heritage, John, and Chase Wesley Raymond. 2016. “Are
explicit apologies proportional to the offenses they address?” Discourse
Processes,
53
(1–2):5–25.
. 2021. “Preference
and polarity: Epistemic stance in question design.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
54
(1):39–59.
Heritage, John, Chase Wesley Raymond, and Paul Drew. 2019. “Constructing
apologies: Reflexive relationships between apologies and offenses.” Journal of
Pragmatics,
142
1:185–200.
Heritage, John, and Geoffrey Raymond. 2012. Navigating
epistemic landscapes: Acquiescence, agency and resistance in responses to polar
questions. In Questions: Formal, Functional and Interactional
Perspectives, edited by J. P. De Ruiter, 179–192. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hoey, Elliott M. 2015. “Lapses: How people arrive at,
and deal with, discontinuities in talk.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
48
(4):430–453.
Hoey, Elliott M., and Kobin H. Kendrick. 2017. Conversation
analysis. In Research Methods in Psycholinguistics and the
Neurobiology of Language: A Practical Guide, edited by A. M. B. de Groot, and P. Hagoort, 151–173. New Jersey: Wiley and Sons.
Hoey, Elliott M., and Chase Wesley Raymond. 2022. Managing
conversation analysis data. In The Open Handbook of Linguistic Data
Management, edited by A. L. Berez-Kroeker, B. McDonnell, E. Koller, and L. B. Collister, 257–266. Cambridge: MIT Press. Online at:
Holt, Elizabeth. 2012. “Using
laugh responses to defuse complaints.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
45
(4):430–448.
. 2017. “Indirect
reported speech in storytelling: Its position, design, and uses.” Research on Language and
Social
Interaction,
50
(2):171–87.
Hopper, Robert, Nada Doany, Michael Johnson, and Kent Drummond. 1990. “Universals
and particulars in telephone openings.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
24
1:369–387.
Houtkoop, Hanneke. 1987. Establishing
Agreement: An Analysis of Proposal-Acceptance Sequences. New Jersey: Foris Publications.
Hsieh, Chen-Yu Chester. 2018. “From turn-taking to
stance-taking: Wenti-shi ‘(the) thing is’ as a projector construction and an epistemic marker in Mandarin
conversation.” Journal of
Pragmatics,
127
1:107–124.
Huang, Shu-Yu. 2020. “Mandarin
telephone closings among familiars: A comparison between natural speech and textbook
dialogues.” Applied
Pragmatics,
2
(2):199–226.
Hutchby, Ian, and Simone Barnett. 2005. “Aspects of the Sequential Organization of Mobile Phone Conversation.” Discourse Studies
7
(2): 147–71.
Jefferson, Gail. 1978. Exercise. Unpublished exercises in conversation analysis (private circulation).
. 1984. On
the organization of laughter in talk about troubles. In Structures of
Social Action, edited by J. M. Atkinson, and J. Heritage, 346–369. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 1985. An
exercise in the transcription and analysis of laughter. In Handbook
of Discourse Analysis (vol. 3), edited by T. A. van Dijk, 25–34. New York: Academic Press.
. 1986. “Notes
on ‘latency’ in overlap onset.” Human
Studies,
9
1:153–183.
. 1988. “On
the sequential organization of troubles-talk in ordinary conversation.” Social
Problems,
35
(
4
):418–441.
. 2004. Glossary
of transcript symbols with an introduction. In Conversation Analysis:
Studies from the First Generation, edited by G. H. Lerner, 13–31. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2019. Repairing
the Broken Surface of Talk: Managing Problems in Speaking, Hearing, and Understanding in
Conversation, edited by P. Drew and J. Bergmann. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jepson, Marcus, Chris Salisbury, Matthew J. Ridd, Chris Metcalfe, Ludivine Garside, and Rebecca K. Barnes. 2017. “The
‘one in a million’ study: Creating a database of UK primary care consultations.” British
Journal of General
Practice
67
(658):e345–e351.
Jing-Schmid, Zhuo. 2022. Sentence-final
Particles: Sociolinguistic and Discourse Perspectives. In C. Huang, Y. Lin, I. Chen, & Y. Hsu (Eds.), The
Cambridge Handbook of Chinese Linguistics, 597–615. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jones, Nikki, and Geoffrey Raymond. 2012. “‘The
camera rolls’: Using third-party video in field research.” The ANNALS of the American Academy
of Political and Social
Science,
642
(1):109–123.
Kendrick, Kobin H. 2018. “Adjusting epistemic gradients:
The final particle ‘ba’ in Mandarin Chinese conversation.” East Asian
Pragmatics
3
(1):5–26.
Kendrick, Kobin H., and P. Drew. 2016. “Recruitment:
Offers, requests, and the organization of assistance in interaction.” Research on Language and
Social
Interaction,
49
(1):1–19.
Lee, Jee Won, Hongyin Tao, and Ping Lu. 2017. “Transcribing
Mandarin Chinese conversation: Linguistic and prosodic issues.” Asia-Pacific Journal of
Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and
Sociology, 7(5):787–799.
Li, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin
Chinese: A Functional Reference
Grammar. Oakland: University of California Press.
Li, Lin. 2021. “
A
Spoken Chinese Corpus: Development, Description, and Application in L2
Studies
.” Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Massey University. [URL]
Li, Xiaoting. 2014. “Leaning
and recipient intervening questions in Mandarin conversation.” Journal of
Pragmatics,
67
1:34–60.
. 2020. “Click-initiated
self-repair in changing the sequential trajectory of actions-in-progress.” Research on Language
and Social
Interaction, 53(1):90–117.
Lim, Ni-Eng. 2019. Preliminaries
to delicate matters: Some functions of ‘I say to you’ sequences in Mandarin Chinese
conversations. In Current Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse:
Global Context and Diverse Perspectives, edited by Y. Xiao, and L. Tsung, 105–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lindström, Anna. 1994. “Identification
and recognition in Swedish telephone conversation openings.” Language in
Society,
23
(2):231–252.
Love, Robbie. 2020. Overcoming
Challenges in Corpus Construction: The Spoken British National Corpus
2014. London: Routledge.
Luke, K.-K. 2002. The
initiation and introduction of first topics in Hong Kong telephone
calls. In Telephone Calls: Unity and Diversity in the Structure of
Telephone Conversations across Languages and Cultures, edited by K.-K. Luke, and Theodossia-Soula Pavlidou, 171–200. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Luke, K.-K., and W. Zhang. 2010. “Insertion
as a self-repair device and its interactional motivations in Chinese conversation.” Chinese
Language and
Discourse
1
(2):153–182.
Lü, S. X., and D. X. Zhu. 1953. Yufa
Xiuci Jianhua. Zhonguo Qingnian.
MacWhinney, Brian. 2007. The
TalkBank project. In Creating and Digitizing Language Corpora:
Synchronic Databases (vol.1), edited by J. C. Beal, K. P. Corrigan, and H. L. M. Moisl. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
MacWhinney, Brian, and Johannes Wagner. 2010. “Transcribing,
searching and data sharing: The CLAN software and the TalkBank data
repository.” Gesprächsforschung, 111:154–173.
Mandelbaum, Jenny. 1991. “Conversational
non-cooperation: An exploration of disattended complaints.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
25
1:97–138.
Margutti, Piera, Liisa Tainio, Paul Drew, and Véronique Traverso. 2018. “Invitations
and responses across different languages: Observations on the feasibility and relevance of a cross-linguistic comparative
perspective on the study of actions.” Journal of
Pragmatics,
125
1:52–61.
Marrese, Olivia H., Chase Wesley Raymond, Barbara A. Fox, Cecilia E. Ford, and Megan Pielke. 2021. “The
Grammar of Obviousness: Gesture in Argument Sequences.” Frontiers in
Communication 61:663067.
Maynard, Douglas W. 2013. Defensive mechanisms:
I-mean-prefaced utterances in complaint and other conversational
sequences. In Conversational Repair and Human
Understanding, edited by M. Hayashi, G. Raymond, and J. Sidnell, 198–233. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
McEnery, Anthony, and Zhonghua Xiao. 2004. The Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese: A Corpus for Monolingual and Contrastive Language Study. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’04), Lisbon, Portugal. European Language Resources Association (ELRA).
Ochs, Elinor. 1979. Transcription
as theory. In Developmental Pragmatics, edited
by E. Ochs, and B. B. Schieffelin, 43–72. New York: Academic Press.
Ogden, Richard. 2013. “Clicks
and percussives in English conversation.” Journal of the International Phonetic
Association,
43
(3):299–320.
. 2020. “Audibly
not saying something with clicks.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
53
(1):66–89.
Placencia, María Elena. 1997. “Opening up closings – The
Ecuadorian way.” TEXT: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of
Discourse,
17
(1):53–81.
Pomerantz, Anita M., and John Heritage. 2013. Preference. In The
Handbook of Conversation Analysis, edited by J. Sidnell, and T. Stivers, 210–228. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. 1985. A
Comprehensive Grammar of the English
Language. London: Longman.
Qi, H. 2011. The Dictionary of Mood Words in Contemporary Chinese (现代汉语语气成分用法词典). Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Quan, Lihong, and Jinlong Ma. 2019. “A
study of repeat-formatted repair initiations in Mandarin Chinese conversation.” Chinese
Language and
Discourse
10
(2): 158–186.
Raymond, Chase Wesley, Saul Albert, Elliott M. Hoey, Sarah Adams, Natalie Grothues, Jacob Henry, Olivia H. Marrese, Megan Pielke, Emily Reynolds, and Regina Gayou Tom. 2023. De
facto language policy in practice: Ideologies in action in everyday public life. Manuscript
and dataset, University of Colorado, Boulder.
Raymond, Chase Wesley, Rebecca Clift, Kobin H. Kendrick, and Jeffrey D. Robinson. (2024, in press). Methods in Conversation Analysis. In The Cambridge Handbook of Conversation Analysis, edited by J. D. Robinson, R. Clift, K. H. Kendrick, and C. W. Raymond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Raymond, Chase Wesley, Jeffrey D. Robinson, Barbara A. Fox, Sandra A. Thompson, and Kristella Montiegl. 2021. “Modulating
action through minimization: Syntax in the service of offering and requesting.” Language in
Society,
50
1:53–91.
Raymond, Chase Wesley, and Tanya Stivers. 2016. The
omnirelevance of accountability: Off-record account
solicitations. In Accountability in Social
Interaction, edited by J. D. Robinson, 321–353. New York: Oxford University Press.
Raymond, Geoffrey. 2003. “Grammar and Social Organization: Yes/No Interrogatives and the Structure of Responding.” American Sociological Review
68
1: 939–67.
Robinson, Jeffrey D. 2004. “The Sequential Organization of ‘Explicit’ Apologies in Naturally Occurring English.” Research on Language and Social Interaction
37
(3): 291–330.
Sacks, Harvey. 1984
[1966,
et seq.]. Notes on
methodology. In Structures of Social
Action, edited by J. M. Atkinson, and J. Heritage, 21–27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 1992. Lectures
on Conversation (2 vols.). New Jersey: Blackwell.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 1968. “Sequencing in conversational
openings.” American
Anthropologist,
70
1:1075–1095.
1979. Identification and recognition
in telephone conversation openings. In Everyday Language: Studies in
Ethnomethodology, edited by G. Psathas, 23–78. New Jersey: Irvington.
Schegloff, Emanuel. A. 1986. “The routine as
achievement.” Human
Studies,
9
1:111–151.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 1991. Reflections on talk and social
structure. In Talk and Social Structure, edited
by D. Boden, and D. H. Zimmerman, 44–70. Oakland: University of California Press.
1996. “Confirming allusions: Toward an
empirical account of action.” American Journal of
Sociology,
102
(1):161–216.
1997. “Practices and actions: Boundary
cases of other-initiated repair.” Discourse
Processes,
23
(3):499–545.
2000a. “Overlapping talk and the
organization of turn-taking for conversation.” Language in
Society,
29
(1):1–63.
2000b. “When ‘others’ initiate
repair.” Applied
Linguistics,
21
(2):205–243.
2004. “On
dispensability.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
37
(2):95–149.
2005. “On
complainability.” Social
Problems,
52
1:449–476.
2007. Sequence Organization in Interaction: A
Primer in Conversation Analysis (vol.
1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2013. Ten operations in
self-initiated, same-turn repair. In Conversational Repair and Human
Understanding, edited by M. Hayashi, G. Raymond, and J. Sidnell, 41–70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schegloff, Emanuel A., Gail Jefferson, and Harvey Sacks. 1977. “The
preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in
conversation.” Language,
53
1:361–382.
Schegloff, Emanuel A., and Harvey Sacks. 1973. “Opening
up
closings.” Semiotica,
8
(4):289–327.
Schmidt, Thomas. 2016. “Good
practices in the compilation of FOLK, the research and teaching corpus of spoken
German.” International Journal of Corpus
Linguistics 21(3):396–418.
Seyfeddinipur, Mandana, and Felix Rau. 2020. “Keeping
it real: Video data in language documentation and language archiving.” Language Documentation
and
Conservation,
14
1:503–519.
Stevanovic, Melisa, and Anssi Peräkylä. 2012. “Deontic
authority in interaction: The right to announce, propose, and decide.” Research on Language and
Social
Interaction,
45
(3):297–321.
Stivers, Tanya. 2010. “An
overview of the question-response system in American English.” Journal of
Pragmatics,
42
(10):2772–2781.
. 2022. The
Book of Answers: Alignment, Autonomy, and Affiliation in Social
Interaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stivers, Tanya, N. J. Enfield, Penelope Brown, Cristina Englert, Makoto Hayashi, Trine Heinemann, Gertie Hoymann, Federico Rossano, Jan Peter De Ruiter, Kyung-Eun Yoon, and Stephen C. Levinson. 2009. “Universals
and cultural variation in turn-taking in conversation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences,
106
(26):10587–10592.
Stivers, Tanya, N. J. Enfield, and Stephen C. Levinson. 2010. “Question-response
sequences in conversation across ten languages.” Journal of
Pragmatics
42
1:2615–2860.
Su, Danjie. 2019. The
M. Chinese Video Corpus (MCVC). UCLA, Los Angeles and University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
Su, Danjie, and Hongyin Tao. 2018a. “Teaching
the Mandarin utterance-final particle le through authentic materials.” Chinese as a Second
Language
Research,
7
(1):15–45.
. 2018b. “Teaching
the shi…de construction with authentic materials in elementary
Chinese.” Chinese as a Second Language
Research,
7
(1):111–140.
Su, Lily I-wen, Li-May Sung, Shuping Huang, Fuhui Hsieh, and Zhemin Lin. 2008. “NTU
corpus of Formosan languages: A state-of-the-art report.” Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic
Theory,
4
(2):291–294.
Sun, Hao. 2004. “Opening
moves in informal Chinese telephone conversations.” Journal of
Pragmatics
36
(8):1429–1465.
. 2005. “Collaborative
strategies in Chinese telephone conversation closings: Balancing procedural needs and interpersonal meaning
making.” Pragmatics
15
(1):109–128.
Sung, Li-May, Lily I-wen Su, Fuhui Hsieh, and Zhemin Lin. 2008. “Developing
an online Corpus of Formosan Languages.” Taiwan Journal of
Linguistics,
6
1:79–117.
Tao, Hongyin. 1996. Units
in Mandarin Conversation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2005. “The
gap between natural speech and spoken Chinese teaching material: Discourse perspectives on Chinese
pedagogy.” Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers
Association,
40
1:1–24.
Tao, Hongyin, M. Rafael Salaberry, Meng Yeh, and Alfred Rue Burch. 2018. “Using
authentic spoken language across all levels of language teaching: Developing discourse and interactional
competence.” Chinese as a Second Language
Research, 7(1):1–13.
Tao, Hongyin, and Richard Xiao. 2012. The
UCLA Chinese Corpus (2nd
Ed.). UCREL, Lancaster.
Tao, Liang. 1995. “Repair
in natural conversation of Beijing Mandarin.” The Yuen Ren Society Treasury of Chinese Dialect
Data
1
1: 55–77.
Thompson, Sandra A., Barbara A. Fox, and Chase Wesley Raymond. 2021. “The
grammar of proposals for joint activities.” Interactional
Linguistics,
1
(1):123–151.
Thompson, Sandra A., and Hongyin Tao. 2010. “Conversation,
grammar, and fixedness: Adjectives in Mandarin revisited.” Chinese Language and
Discourse
1
(1):3–30.
Traverso, Véronique. 2009. “The
dilemmas of third-party complaints in conversation between friends.” Journal of
Pragmatics,
41
(12):2385–2399.
Walker, Gareth. 2013. “Phonetics
and prosody in conversation.” The Handbook of Conversation
Analysis, edited by J. Sidnell, and T. Stivers, 455–474. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Walker, Traci S. 2014. “Form ≠ function: The
independence of prosody and action.” Research on Language and Social
Interaction,
47
(1):1–16.
Wang, L. 1955. Zhongguo
Xiandai Yufa. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
Wang, Nan, Yan Song, and Fei Xia. 2018. “Constructing
a Chinese medical conversation corpus annotated with conversational structures and
actions.” LREC, 2933–2939.
Wang, Wei. 2020. “Grammatical
conformity in question-answer sequences: The case of ‘meijou’ in Mandarin
conversation.” Discourse
Studies
22
(5):610–31.
. 2021. “The
question-response system in Mandarin
conversation.” Pragmatics,
31
(4):589–616.
Wang, Wei, and Hongyin Tao. 2020. From
matrix clause to turn expansion: The emergence of ‘wo juede’ (‘I feel/think’) in Mandarin conversational
interaction. In Emergent Syntax for Conversation: Clausal Patterns
and the Organization of Action, edited by Y. Maschler, S. P. Doehler, J. Lindström, and L. Keevallik, 151–82. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Wen, Xiao Hong. 2012. Learning and Teaching Chinese as a
Second Language. Beijing: Peking University Press.
Wright, M. 2011. “On Clicks in English Talk-in-Interaction.” Journal of the International Phonetic Association 41(2): 207–29.
Wu, Ruey-Jiuan Regina. 2004. Stance in Talk: A Conversation
Analysis of Mandarin Final Particles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2006. “Initiating repair and
beyond: The use of two repeat-formatted repair initiations in Mandarin conversation.” Discourse
Processes, 41(1):67–109.
. 2009. Repetition and the
initiation of repair. In Conversation Analysis: Comparative
Perspectives, edited by J. Sidnell, 31–59. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 2016. “Doing conversation
analysis in Mandarin Chinese: Basic methods.” Chinese Language and
Discourse, 7(2):179–209.
. 2022. “Gestural repair in
Mandarin conversation.” Discourse
Studies 24(1):65–93.
Wu, Ruey-Jiuan Regina, and John Heritage. 2017. Particles
and Epistemics: Convergences and Divergences between English and
Mandarin. In Enabling Human Conduct: Naturalistic Studies of
Talk-in-Interaction in Honor of Emanuel A. Schegloff, edited by G. Lerner, G. Raymond, and J. Heritage, 273–298. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Wu, Yaxin, and Shuai Yang. 2022. “Power
plays in action formation: The TCU-final particle ‘ba’ (吧) in Mandarin Chinese
conversation.” Discourse
Studies
24
(4):491–513.
Wu, Yaxin, and Guodong Yu. 2022. Action
ascription and action assessment: Ya-suffixed answers to questions in Mandarin
conversation. In Action Ascription in Social
Interaction, edited by A. Deppermann, and M. Haugh, 234–255. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Xiangjun, Deng, and Virginia Yip. 2018. “A
multimedia corpus of child Mandarin: The Tong Corpus.” Journal of Chinese
Linguistics,
46
(1):69–92.
Xing, F. 2016. The
Grammatical Theory of Modern Chinese. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Xing, Janet Zhiqun. 2006. Teaching and Learning Chinese as a
Foreign Language. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Xu, Jiajin. 2015. “Corpus-based
Chinese studies: A historical review from the 1920s to the present.” Chinese Language and
Discourse
6
(2):218–244.
Xun, E., G. Rao, X. Xiao, and J. Zang. 2016. “Da shuju beijing xia BCC yuliaoku de yanzhi (The
construction of the BCC Corpus in the age of Big Data).” Yuliaoku
Yuyanxue
3
(1):93–118.
Yu, Guodong. 2022. 什么是会话分析. (What is Conversation
Analysis). Shanghai: Shanghai. Foreign Language Education Press.
Yu, Guodong, and Paul Drew. 2017. “The
role of búshì (不是) in talk about everyday troubles and difficulties.” East
Asian
Pragmatics 2(2):195–227.
Yu, Guodong, and Yaxin Wu. 2018. “Inviting
in Mandarin: Anticipating the likelihood of the success of an invitation.” Journal of
Pragmatics 1251:130–148.
. 2021. “Managing
expert/novice identity with actions in conversation: Identity construction and
negotiation.” Journal of
Pragmatics 1781:273–286.
Yu, Guodong, Yaxin Wu, and Paul Drew. 2019. “Couples
bickering: Disaffiliation and discord in Chinese conversation.” Discourse
Studies,
21
(4):458–480.
Zhang, Wei. 1998. “
Repair
in Chinese Conversation
.” Ph.D.
thesis, University of Hong Kong.
. 2016. “Organizing
TCUs in a turn: Reordering and parenthesizing as operations for self-initiated same-turn repair in Mandarin
conversation.” Chinese Language and
Discourse
7
(2):272–296.
Zhang, Wei, and K.-K. Luke. 2007. “Retrospective
turn continuations in Mandarin Chinese
conversation.” Pragmatics, 17(4):605–635.
Zhang, Yanhong, and Guodong Yu. 2020. “The
sequential environments of positive assessments as responsive actions in Mandarin daily
interaction.” East Asian
Pragmatics, 5(3):295–321.