Chapter published in:
Language and Slavery: A social and linguistic history of the Suriname creoles
Jacques Arends
[Creole Language Library 52] 2017
► pp. 101–162

Chapter 3
Social and demographic factors in creole formation

Article outline
  • 3.1Introduction
  • 3.2Social stratification and network relations
    • 3.2.1Social stratification
    • 3.2.2External networks
    • 3.2.3Conclusion
  • 3.3Demographic factors
    • 3.3.1Introduction
    • 3.3.2Factors related to immigration
      • 3.3.2.1Africans
      • 3.3.2.2Origins
      • 3.3.2.3Age and sex distribution
      • 3.3.2.4Europeans
    • 3.3.3Factors related to population
      • 3.3.3.1Africans and Europeans
      • 3.3.3.2The rate of nativization among the Blacks
      • 3.3.3.3The creole-to-bozal ratio among slave children on the plantations
      • 3.3.3.4The creole-to-bozal ratio among Maroons
  • 3.4Summary and conclusion
  • Notes
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