Index
A
- abolition of slavery
121, 295, 372
- abolition of the slave trade
2, 5
- adjectival predication
14, 20, 242, 251–252, 258, 264–265
- African American English
317, 326
- African languages
11, 13–14, 18–20, 24–25, 30, 33–34, 131, 154, 158, 165–166, 168–169, 183, 194, 209–210, 213, 223–228, 304, 326
- (lexicon) derived from
19, 24, 167–168, 178, 197
- African origins
19, 75, 123–125, 135–136
- African-born
109, 112–113, 123, 138, 140, 143, 151–152, 154, 156–161, 169, 192–193, 224
- Africans
7, 36–38, 44–45, 55, 59, 61–62, 75, 88, 108–109, 122–124, 131–132, 136, 141, 143, 148, 151, 172, 277, 432
- age distribution
122–124, 138–140, 154–157
- Akan
11–13, 19, 30, 113, 130, 133–135, 225
- Alabi, Johannes
4–5, 7, 28–29, 121, 167, 187, 349, 353, 410, 413–416, 418, 429
- Aluku
8–10, 17, 23, 196
;
see also Boni
- Amerindian languages
6, 11, 13, 24, 39, 88, 229–230
- (lexicon) derived from
24
- Amerindian slaves
35, 44, 48, 60–62, 74, 84–86, 88, 120, 144–145, 148, 156, 210
- Amerindian War
3, 46, 55, 71–73, 76, 86–88, 94, 99
- Amerindians
2, 4, 11, 40, 44, 50, 55, 61, 71, 73, 75–76, 83, 86, 88, 94, 116, 119–120, 165, 175, 224, 230, 330, 338, 349–350, 403–404
- apprenticeship
6, 116, 372
- Arabic
202, 210, 223–224, 226, 228
- Arawak
11, 120, 230, 349–350
- Arawak(s)
2, 62, 86, 88, 349–350
- article
248–251, 253, 258–260, 263–264
- definite
13, 248–249, 272
- zero-, absence of
248–251, 258–259, 263–264
- aspect
14, 20, 175, 198, 241, 273, 345
- marker
175, 258–259, 273, 423
- Auka
10, 22, 331, 333, 335, 433
;
see also Ndyuka, Okanisi
- bakra tongo
165–173, 179, 199–200, 227, 231–234, 241, 247, 268–269, 321, 328, 371, 425
- Bantu
11, 19, 113, 131, 134–137, 193, 226
- banya
104, 193, 286, 291, 296–297, 299–300
- Barbados
3, 27, 44–45, 52, 54, 56–57, 59–61, 63, 65, 71, 73, 81–84, 124–127, 141
- basic vocabulary
12, 18–19, 60, 64
- Behn, Aphra
42, 238, 270, 316–317
- Beijer, E.
207–209, 216, 220, 223, 229
- Benoit, Pierre J.
211, 214, 216, 220, 363
- Berbice
47–52, 81, 349–350, 360, 414
- Biet, Antoine
42, 57, 59, 62, 70, 145
- bilingual(ism)
217, 274, 302, 354
- Bioprogram
30, 101, 148, 200
- black soldiers
4, 116, 213
- black(s)
see free, manumitted, overseers
- black-to-white ratio
148–149
- Boekhoudt, W.
209, 369, 425
- Bolingbroke, Henry
211, 361
- Bonaparte, Prince Roland Napoléon
207, 213, 288, 295, 297, 343, 419–420
- Boni (language)
272, 275, 357
;
see also Aluku
- Boni (Maroons)
4–5, 10, 17, 23–24, 116, 145, 222, 230, 275, 281, 356, 358, 404
- Boni Maroon Wars
4, 5, 24
- bozals
152, 154, 157–158, 192–193, 213
- Brazil
1, 3, 36, 39, 47–48, 52–53, 63–71, 126, 138, 150, 185, 217
- Byam, William
55, 58–60, 80–83, 146
- Carib
11, 40, 120, 229–230, 350
- Caribbean creoles
42–43, 164, 326
- Caribs
2, 40, 62, 74–75, 86–88
- Cassewinica
90, 92–93, 96
- Catholic mission
212, 410–411, 422
- Cayenne
47–48, 53, 64–70, 113, 185
- clefting
14, 29, 260, 265–266
- coffee
4, 62, 112, 114, 291–292, 354, 367, 394
- plantation
154, 255, 257, 339
- coloured authors
209, 277, 369
- coloureds
102, 114, 122, 201, 212
- Commewijne
23, 44–45, 47–48, 52, 54, 63, 74, 86–87, 92, 174, 246, 409
- comparative
14, 29, 260, 266, 268
- complementation
14, 29–30, 247, 254
- compound
25, 29, 262, 324
- compounding
13, 30, 203, 262
- Comvalius, Th.A.C.
277, 280–283, 294, 296, 299–300
- consonant cluster
24, 177, 256, 270–271
- continuum
122, 164, 181, 199–200
- contract labourers
5–6, 60, 302
- Coppename
3, 10, 45, 47, 54, 76, 86–88, 92–94
- Coppename Nenge
76, 87–88
- copula
14, 29, 177, 242–243, 247, 249, 251–253, 258, 264–265, 272–273
- Corantijn
3, 47–49, 51, 53, 86, 96
- Cottica
10, 23, 74, 86–87, 174, 179, 191, 324
- court records
7, 28–29, 181, 224, 239–240, 242–243, 318–320, 338
- creole formation
xxiii–xxiv, 1, 30–36, 46, 58, 101–102, 112, 122, 157, 161, 200, 221, 237, 276
- creole genesis
xxiv, 1, 30–32, 34, 87, 89, 103, 131
- creole-to-bozal ratio
154, 157–158
- Creoles (persons)
2, 108–109, 158, 192–194, 202, 219, 404
- creolization
xxiv–xxv, 18, 30–35, 42–43, 101, 103, 123, 138, 164, 178, 193–194, 200, 237, 262, 268
- Curaçao
65, 229–230, 283, 296
- de Goeje, C.H.
404, 407–408
- Djutongo
9, 29, 165, 173, 177, 179, 182–188, 194, 230, 234–235, 305–306, 309–310
- Dutch (language)
2, 6, 7, 10–12, 23, 37, 40, 81, 87, 96, 112, 142, 150–151, 165–167, 169–170, 178–180, 189, 191, 198–212, 214–223, 228–229, 231–233, 239, 244, 246–248, 256, 273, 281, 302, 305, 315–316, 321, 327, 337, 343–344, 349, 354, 369–370, 372–373, 403–410, 426, 432
see also Surinamese Dutch
- derived (lexicon)
11–12, 166–173, 175–177, 189–190, 199, 231, 233, 246
- Dutch settlements
3, 44, 48, 50–53
- Dutch(men)
2, 3, 12, 39, 45, 48–55, 59, 67, 72, 74, 79–81, 86, 128–129, 138, 142, 146, 149, 150, 151, 211, 220, 222
- slavers
75, 125–127, 138–139
- Eastern Maroon Creoles
8–10, 18, 23–24, 212
- education
6, 10–11, 191, 212, 228, 408
- emancipation
6, 154, 163, 217, 295, 372–374, 382, 385, 389, 399, 403
- Emancipation Act
372–373, 383
- English (language)
13, 18–19, 24, 33, 37, 40, 55, 60–62, 81–82, 87, 117, 149, 180, 185, 199, 205, 210, 214–217, 228–229, 239, 244, 247, 253, 367, 409
- as second language
61–62, 80, 141, 253
- -derived (lexicon)
12–13, 18–20, 42, 60, 82, 166–172, 174–179, 181, 198, 203, 233, 238, 245–246, 263, 310, 317, 338, 344, 361, 370
- English(-lexicon) creole
9, 11, 19, 27, 86, 99, 178, 263, 317
- Caribbean (CEC)
43, 164, 326
- English planters
71, 73, 80, 85–87, 180, 216–217
- English settlements
3, 45, 48–53, 56, 94
- English settlers
3, 54, 56–57, 59, 77, 82–84, 125
- English(-owned) plantations
62, 150, 179
- ‘old’
165, 174, 180, 188, 246
- Essequibo
47–49, 51–52, 63, 66, 68–70, 81
- Fermin, Philip
202, 206, 343
- first language acquisition
xxiv, 32, 34, 101, 138, 154, 158, 160–161
- Focke, Hendrik C.
5, 26, 29–30, 132, 177–178, 184–185, 193, 202, 207–209, 221, 227–228, 241, 254, 260, 266, 272, 277, 279, 281, 283–287, 289, 292, 306–310, 319, 338, 350, 364, 369–371
- Franssen Herderschee, A.
304
- free blacks
87, 105, 107, 113–114, 116, 118–120, 219, 294, 333, 335
- French (language)
37, 39–41, 73, 87, 150, 167, 182, 188, 210, 214, 216, 221–223, 229, 291, 298, 302, 343
- French settlements
3, 44, 46, 48–53
- French(-lexicon) creole
27, 222
- French-owned plantations
73, 150, 182, 188, 221
- French(men)
12, 22, 40, 48–50, 70, 72–73, 94, 98, 149, 202, 209, 220–221
- Friderici, François de
281
- future marking
241, 258, 273–274
- Gbe
11–13, 19, 24–25, 30, 62, 75, 113, 130–131, 133–135, 137, 161, 234
- German (language)
5, 27, 87, 141, 166–168, 178, 187, 189, 196, 210, 212, 214, 220, 222–223, 227, 229, 231, 234, 295, 349–351, 353, 371, 410, 414–415
- German-owned plantations
150
- Germans
12, 73, 149, 202, 209, 222–223, 409
- Gold Coast
125, 127–130, 133–136, 140, 161
- gradualist model
30, 200, 262
- Grain Coast
127–130, 133–134, 136–137, 140, 161
- grammaticalization
13, 30, 248–249, 262
- Greenfield, William
5, 204–205
- Grego, Christian
5, 7, 28–29, 121, 410, 413–419, 421
- Guinea
33, 39, 42, 129–130, 140
- Guinea Coast
129–130, 140
- Guyana
1, 3, 27, 35–36, 42, 44–48, 56, 66, 126, 196
- French
5, 10–11, 35, 47–48, 113, 121, 185, 228
- Guyane
1, 46–48, 54, 81, 121, 222, 230
- Hartsinck, J.J.
81, 88, 93–94, 98, 135, 184, 327, 340, 348, 357
- Helmig van der Vegt, A.
201, 206–208, 211, 358
- Helstone, J.N.
6, 26, 211–212, 404–405
- Herbarium Hermann
238, 317
- Herlein, J.D.
4, 22, 28–29, 98, 106, 116, 118, 175–176, 181, 195, 210, 215, 219, 222, 224–225, 233, 238, 243–254, 256–260, 262–265, 267–270, 274, 319, 321, 324, 328, 343–344, 356, 411
- Herlein fragment
175, 181, 243–247, 251, 258–259, 321
- Herskovits, Melville J. & Herskovits, Frances S.
7, 15, 20, 26, 277, 293, 299, 304–306, 311
- Huguenots
4, 72–73, 220–221, 247, 292
- Iberian languages
182, 218
- Iberian-derived lexicon
41, 43, 182
- Iberian-lexicon creole
182
- ideophone
13, 281, 286, 293, 313
- indentured
- labourers
2, 60–61, 141–142, 172
- servants
57–58, 60–61, 80, 86, 125, 132
- Indian(s)
see Amerindian(s)
- interpreters
37–38, 182, 210, 229
- Irish(men)
57–58, 60–61, 86, 125, 141
- Jamaica
3, 65, 73, 79, 81, 83–85, 101, 199, 216, 326, 370
- Jamaican Creole
199, 326, 413
- Javanese (language)
2, 6, 426
- Jewish
63, 65–68, 83, 184–185, 211, 212, 218, 220, 229
- -owned plantations
87, 105, 108, 177, 182–185, 229–230, 310
- planters
39, 41, 55–56, 64–65, 67, 69, 74, 87, 108, 150, 182, 184, 218
- Jews
45, 53, 57–58, 63–71, 87, 93, 114, 148, 150, 165, 182, 212, 217, 220, 234, 309, 330
- Ashkenazic
72, 114, 141, 149, 222, 229
- Portuguese(-speaking)
11–12, 18, 39, 49, 64, 70, 72, 141, 146, 150, 185, 202, 217
- Sephardic
2–3, 9, 18, 23, 41, 53, 55–56, 60, 63–65, 67–70, 72, 87, 114, 124, 141, 149–150, 182, 217, 221
- Spanish-speaking
64, 72, 141, 150, 217
- Jews’ Savannah
63, 87, 92–93, 150, 218
- Joden Savanne
see Jews’ Savannah
- Kabugru, Karboegers
87–88, 110
- Kikongo
11–13, 19, 24, 30, 75, 130–131, 133–134, 137, 161, 226, 298
- King, Johannes
5, 7, 26, 410, 428–430, 432
- Koenders, Julius G.A. ‘Papa’
6, 26, 408–409
- Kraag, Christiaan
26, 272
- Kwa
11, 19, 113, 131, 133–134, 137, 161
- Kwinti (language)
8–10, 24, 275
- Kwinti (Maroons)
17, 23–24
- language acquisition
55, 148, 152, 158, 167, 220–221, 244
;
see also first, second language acquisition
- Lefroy, C.E.
206–207, 367
- lexical semantics
12, 137, 190
- lexical-semantic
174, 179, 188
- lexifier
9, 18–19, 117, 199
- Lingua Franca
37–38, 42–43
- Livorno
63–64, 67–69, 217
- Loango (area)
38, 75–76, 125, 127–129, 133–134, 136, 140, 161, 193, 226
- Loango (languages)
75, 137, 193, 226
- Loango(s)
113, 132, 134–136, 193, 226
- locally-born
105, 109, 123, 143, 148, 154, 160
- children
138, 140, 148, 154, 156–157
- locative predication
251, 253
- Machado, Immanuel
90–91, 95, 97
- Machado theory
92, 94, 96–97
- Makzien foe Kristen-soema zieli
5, 430–431
- manumitted
- slaves
114, 117, 144–145, 172, 218, 335
- Mapana (Maroons)
333, 335
- Maroon communities
17, 33, 102, 111, 119, 277, 428
- Maroon creole (language)
8–10, 17–18, 23–24, 33, 71, 88–89, 121, 209, 212–213, 324
- Maroon groups
3, 10, 23–24, 94, 98, 119–121, 132, 159, 222
- Maroon population
2, 144, 158–159
- marronage
22, 33, 46, 55, 63, 69, 71, 76, 87, 89, 94, 99, 119, 320, 324, 329
- Marshall theory
92, 94, 96
- Marshall’s Creek
90, 95–96, 285
- Marshall’s settlements
44–46, 49–50, 52, 77, 92, 94–96
- Matawai (language)
8–10, 23, 196, 275, 428
- Matawai (Maroons)
4, 17, 279, 338–339, 428–429
- Matjáu clan
45, 91, 94–96
- Matjáu Creek
90–91, 94–95
- Mauricius, Andreas
237, 411
- Mauricius, Jan J.
159, 411
- Merian, Maria Sibylla
4, 210, 238–239, 316–318
- Montserrat
58–59, 61, 125, 141
- Moravian (Brethren)
4–6, 12, 19, 26, 120, 163, 165, 167, 183, 188–191, 197–198, 202, 204, 207, 211–212, 220, 223, 261, 295, 370, 410, 412, 414, 416, 421, 424, 428–429
- Moravian mission
4–5, 212, 349–350, 415, 430
- morphology
13–14, 20, 25, 30–31, 137, 200
- mulattoes
38, 105, 107–110, 118–119, 122, 170, 218–219, 222, 229, 294, 356, 361
- multifunctionality
13, 25
- multilingual(ism)
2, 73, 150, 179, 214
- Nantes Edict
4, 73, 220–221
- nasal
13, 189, 193, 256
;
see also stop
- Nassy, David I.C.
90–93, 96–97, 207–208, 211–212, 217–218, 220–222
- nativization
143, 151, 153–154, 157, 160–161, 194
- Ndyuka (language)
1, 8–10, 20, 22–25, 120, 178, 196, 228, 272, 275, 279, 287, 298, 309, 324, 357, 403–404, 407–408, 413, 428, 431–432
- Ndyuka (Maroons)
4, 17, 22–24, 120–121, 158–159, 213, 219, 222, 225, 279, 287, 298, 304, 325–326, 328, 331, 333, 338, 357, 403, 407, 428, 432–433
- Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin
120, 403–404, 407–408
- Negerhollands
27, 72, 255, 349, 353, 413
- Nengre (tongo)
10–11, 165–173, 179, 192, 194, 231, 247, 268–269, 307, 318, 321, 328, 382–384, 408
- Nepveu, Jan
4, 28–29, 210–211, 243, 246–260, 262–265, 267–271, 274, 328, 343–345, 356
- Nepveu, Louis
213, 247, 327–329, 343, 337–338
- Nevis
58–59, 61, 125, 141
- nominal predication
14, 242, 251–252, 264, 273
- odo
7, 208–209, 227, 277, 305–307, 309–311, 367, 369, 371, 408–409
- Okanisi
10, 22, 331, 432–433
;
see also Auka, Ndyuka
- oral history
45, 90–92, 94–95, 97, 226, 329
- oral literature
7, 15, 277, 288
- overseers
- black
103, 105–113, 289, 340–341
- white
81, 106–108, 111, 142, 255, 288, 290, 367
- Oxenbridge, John
50, 53, 55, 78
- Para
3, 74, 76, 86, 93, 188, 324, 428
- Paramaccan
8–10, 17, 23, 275
- peace treaty
4, 27, 29, 62, 73–74, 76, 86, 88, 99, 111, 116, 120, 173, 185, 210, 212–213, 222, 224, 272, 275, 279, 327, 329, 343, 357, 384, 415
- periphrastic construction
179, 260–261
- Pernambuco
39, 49, 53, 63–64, 67–70, 124, 126, 141, 217, 310
- pidgin
33, 35, 36–39, 41, 45, 50, 54, 181, 195, 244, 253, 258–262, 403–404, 407
- plantation
see also slaves
- agriculture
36, 54–55, 62, 67, 69, 72, 80
- colony
46, 55, 72, 77, 214
- creole
8, 17–18, 23, 33, 50, 86, 172, 237–238, 275
- society
10, 54, 63, 81, 103–104, 106, 257, 290
- Pomeroon
47–48, 50, 53, 66, 68–70, 81
- Portuguese (language)
3, 9, 11, 18–19, 23, 33, 37–39, 63–65, 70–72, 87, 93, 141, 150, 165, 167, 172, 177, 180, 182–187, 210, 214, 217–218, 229
see also Jews
- -derived (lexicon)
11, 13, 18–20, 23, 41, 39, 64, 91, 167–168, 171–172, 176–177, 183, 205, 231, 234–235, 309–310, 344
- Portuguese(-lexicon) creole
9, 37, 39, 64–66, 165, 177, 182–183, 225, 230, 306, 309–310
- Portuguese planters
69, 177
- Portuguese-owned plantations
150, 165, 179, 182
- preposition
14, 25, 29, 189, 196, 249–250, 254, 263
- presentative
242, 251, 272
- pronoun
13, 242, 245, 249, 274, 319, 328, 332, 370–371, 404
- question word
29, 247, 254, 259–260, 262–263, 268
- reduplication
13–14, 20, 25, 271
- Riemer, Johann A.
28, 350, 352–353, 360–361, 414, 419–420
- runaway(s)
18–19, 22–23, 86, 93, 95, 97–98, 116, 118, 120, 158–159, 166, 224, 226, 331–332, 334, 373, 384, 415
- Samson, Elisabeth
119, 219
- Saramacca River
10, 17, 47, 49–50, 52–53, 86, 92–97, 185, 329, 334, 428
- Saramaccan
1, 5, 7–10, 17–21, 23–30, 60, 64–65, 72, 89, 92, 95–97, 99, 160, 163–166, 171–173, 185–188, 196, 198, 209, 228, 274, 305–306, 309–312, 316, 328, 349–353, 360, 410, 412–416, 419–421
- Saramaccans
17, 186–187, 191, 419
- Saramaka (Maroons)
4–5, 17–19, 23, 45, 88–99, 117, 119–121, 132, 158, 160, 165, 173, 182, 184–186, 188, 196, 212–213, 219, 222, 224, 228, 235, 274, 279, 304–305, 311, 327–329, 331–333, 336–338, 340, 349, 352–353, 360, 410, 412–416, 421, 428
- Saramaka Maroon Letters
26, 410, 412–413, 416
- Saramaka Peace Treaty
4, 27, 29, 111, 120, 247, 327, 343
- school
114, 189, 191, 222, 375, 392, 403
- Schuchardt, Hugo
27–28, 42, 167, 176, 186, 198, 234, 245–246, 252, 255–257, 260, 349–351, 358–359, 410, 421
- Schumann, Christian L.
4–5, 26–30, 95, 163–164, 166–175, 180, 183–187, 189–194, 196–198, 204, 223, 227–228, 231–235, 241–242, 245–246, 249, 253–257, 260–267, 269–274, 309, 349–353, 370–371, 412–414, 416, 419–420
- Scott, John
46, 48–53, 55–56, 58, 66, 96
- second language acquisition
32, 34, 61–62, 101, 154, 160–161, 253
- secret language
195–196, 228, 304
- semantic
13–14, 34, 190–191, 248–249, 267
;
see also lexical-semantic
- serial verb
14, 189, 253, 258–260, 266–267
- serialization
253–254, 266–268
- sex distribution
58, 78, 85, 123–124, 139, 141, 154–157
- Sierra Leone
43, 128–129, 431–432
- Slave Coast
38–39, 62, 75, 113, 125, 127–128, 133–137, 140, 161
- slave trade
2, 5, 62, 75, 123–125, 128–129, 131, 137, 225
- slaves
see also Amerindian, coloured, manumitted
- domestic
105, 108, 110, 112, 157, 170, 172, 216, 218–219
- plantation
5, 114, 119, 154, 165, 170, 177, 197, 218, 241
- skilled
108–110, 115–116, 170, 172
- Societeit van Suriname
4–5, 72–73, 88, 151, 279, 348
- Spanish (language)
39–41, 63–64, 70, 72, 87, 141, 150, 182, 210, 214, 217–218, 229
;
see also Jews
- Spanish settlements
48, 50
- Sranan
- church
165, 169, 188–192, 199, 232, 371, 404, 429
- rural vs. urban
33, 165–166, 170, 173–179, 199–200
- as lingua franca
7, 11, 150
- as second language
11, 121, 166, 192, 194
- pronunciation
163, 165, 178, 188–190, 192–195, 198, 246–247, 404
- St Kitts
58–59, 61, 65, 125, 141
- St Kitts English Creole
263
- Staatstoezicht
see apprenticeship
- Stähelin, F
166, 173, 183, 188, 349–350, 353, 414–415
- Stapleton, William
83, 85
- stative, non-stative
14, 357
- Stedman, John G.
4–5, 29, 109–110, 135, 166–167, 174–175, 180, 201–202, 211, 215–216, 221, 225, 229, 242–243, 255, 260, 269–275, 278, 284–285, 356–358
- Stoll, Brother
182–183, 212, 412
- substrate (languages)
33, 123, 131, 134, 137, 161
- substrate influence
33–34, 101, 132, 136–137, 161, 167, 194, 225
- sugar
3, 44, 46, 54, 62–63, 71, 73, 80–81, 89, 105, 109, 112, 114, 117, 122, 125, 294, 367, 394, 407, 429
- plantation
44, 54, 62, 68–69, 74, 107, 113–114, 117, 149, 153–154, 156
- superstrate
33–34, 180, 221
- Suriname Plantation Creole (SPC)
8, 18, 23, 50, 86, 237–239
- Suriname River
3–4, 10, 17–18, 22–23, 45, 47–54, 59, 63, 68, 71, 74–76, 79, 86–87, 92–97, 119, 121, 165, 179, 183–185, 187, 195, 218, 229, 280, 327, 329, 334, 415
- Surinamese Dutch
2, 7, 142, 151, 368
- syllable
13, 20, 195–196, 292, 406
- Teenstra M.D.
7, 135, 155, 193, 195–196, 206, 208, 216, 220, 226–227, 306–309, 367
- Tempati rebellion
4, 22, 118, 213, 216, 241, 325
- tense
14, 20, 198, 241, 252, 258, 273, 345, 353, 357, 370,
- tense-mood-aspect (TMA)
14, 20, 241, 258–259, 345
- Touvingas, Tufingas
184, 338
- translators
198, 223, 229, 372
- Treu, Wilhelm
204, 369–370
- Trio (language)
6, 120, 403–404
- Trio (people)
120, 403–404, 407
- Twi
130, 133–134, 137, 161, 225, 304
- Valkenburg, Dirk
118, 319–320
- van Berkel, Adriaan
82, 237, 315–316
- van Breugel, G.
208–209, 285
- Van Calker, Brother
212, 295, 428
- van den Bosch, G.B.
229–230
- van Dyk, Pieter
4, 27–29, 112, 176–177, 197, 202, 206, 222, 242, 245–246, 248–249, 254–257, 260–272, 274, 331, 339–343, 358–359
- van Eijck, J.P.W.
372, 400–403
- van Eyck, J.W.S.
111, 120
- van Panhuys, L.C.
298, 302, 343
- van Sommelsdyk, C.
4, 72–74, 88, 146, 148
- variation
112, 163–166, 168, 173–175, 177, 179, 195–200, 231, 256, 262, 268, 274, 285, 416
- von Sack, Albert
211, 226
- vowel
189–190, 202, 249–250, 256–257, 270
- epenthesis
23, 178, 241, 256
- insertion
177–178, 270–271
- paragoge
13, 170, 197, 199, 257
- Warren, George
55, 60, 63, 74, 238–239, 315–316, 318
- West African Portuguese Pidgin
37–38
- West India Company (WIC)
3–5, 67, 72, 124, 129, 138
- Western Maroon Creoles
8–10, 18
- Weygandt, G.C.
5, 27, 29, 176–177, 202, 253, 256, 260, 265, 269–270, 342, 358–360
- Wietz, I.L
28–29, 410, 418–421
- Willoughby, Francis
3, 45–46, 49–50, 54, 56–60, 81–83
- Willoughby Land
45, 49, 54, 82
- Wullschlägel, H.R.
5, 7, 26, 30, 163–164, 166, 168–170, 177–178, 184–185, 189–190, 192, 197, 199, 204, 207, 209, 223, 227, 260–262, 273, 306–310, 350, 369–371, 404, 410