Foodsemic metaphors of love in Gĩkũyũ: Insights from cognitive semantics
Using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, this study discusses the transfer of semantic aspects of foodsemic metaphors upon the
abstraction of love. An interview schedule was administered to 48 respondents of different gender by the researchers assisted by
two research assistants. The data collected were subjected to the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU). 12
foodsemic metaphors which play an indispensable role in the understanding of love in Gĩkũyũ were identified. In addition, the
study noted that gender is a dominant variable that provides people with lens through which they view love in Gĩkũyũ. This study
concludes that metaphor is an integral component of the way people conceptualize and embody love in Gĩkũyũ. Further, foodsemic
metaphors provide a way of understanding the nexus between gender and love in Gĩkũyũ.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Theoretical issues
- 3.Methodology
- 4.Findings and discussion
- 5.Conclusion
-
References
References (71)
References
Aksan, M. (2006). The container metaphor in Turkish expressions of anger. Dilve Edebiyat Dergisi / Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 3 (2), 1–20.
Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden words. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ansah, G. (2010). The cultural basis of conceptual metaphors: The case of emotions in Akan and English. Papers from the Lancaster University Postgraduate Conference in Linguistics & Language Teaching (pp. 1–25). Lancaster University, Lancaster.
Barcelona, A. (1998). The state of the art in the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and metonymy and its application to English studies. The European English Messenger, 7 (2), 45–50.
Barker, C., Elliott, R., & Pistrang, N. (2004). PSY7640: Methods of clinical requirements. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bates, B. R. (2004). Audiences, metaphors, and the Persian Gulf War. Communication Studies, 55(3), 447–463.
Beall, A. E., & Sternberg, R. J. (1995). The social construction of love. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12 (3), 417–438.
Beneke, T. (1982). Men on rape: What they have to say about sexual violence. New York: St. Martin Press.
Berscheid, E. (2006). Searching for the meaning of “love”. In R. J. Sternberg, & K. Weis (Eds.), The new psychology of love (pp. 171–183). New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Berscheid, E. (2010). Love in the fourth dimension. Annual Review of Psychology, 611, 1–25.
Bialystok, E. (2002). Cognitive processes of L2 users. In V. Cook (Ed.), Portrait of the L2 user (pp. 147–165). New York: Multilingual Matters.
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypothesis testing in 37 cultures. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 121, 1–49.
Cameron, L. (2003). Metaphor in educational discourse. London: Continuum.
Charteris-Black, J. (2004). Corpus approaches to critical metaphor analysis. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Crespo-Fernández, E. (2008). Sex-related euphemism and dysphemism. An analysis in terms of conceptual metaphor theory. Atlantis, Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies, 30 (2), 95–110.
Crespo-Fernández, E. (2013). Euphemistic metaphors in English and Spanish epitaphs: A comparative study. Atlantis, Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies, 35 (2), 99–118.
Dragoescu, A. (2011). Implications of quality in food metaphors. 5th International Quality Conference, 673–678.
Esenova, O. (2007). Plant metaphors for the expression of emotions in the English language. Beyond Philology, 7–21.
Fiddes, N. (1991). Meat: A natural symbol. London: Routledge.
Fisher, H. (1998). Lust, attraction, and attachment in mammalian reproduction. Human Nature, 91, 23–52.
Fontecha, A. F., & Catalan, R. M. (2003). Semantic derogation in animal metaphor: A contrastive-cognitive analysis of two male/female examples in English and Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics, 35 (5), 771–797.
Forceville, C. (2002). The identification of target and source in pictorial metaphors. Journal of Pragmatics, 341, 1–14.
Gachara, M. (2012). Gĩkũyũ metaphors of marriage negotiations: A cognitive linguistics perspective (Unpublished doctorate thesis), Kenyatta University, Kenya.
Galperin, A., & Haselton, M. (2010). Predictors of how often and when people fall in love. Evolutionary Psychology, 8 (1), 5–28.
Gathigia, M., & Ndũng’ũ, R. (2011). A cognitive linguistics analysis of Gĩkũyũ euphemisms. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Publishing House Ltd.
Gibbs, R. W. (1994). The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and understanding. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gibbs, R. W. (2008). The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Glucksberg, S. (2001). Understanding figurative language. From metaphor to idiom, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Guthrie, M. (1967). The classification of Bantu languages. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall.
Györi, G. (1998). Cultural variation in the conceptualisation of emotions: A historical study. In A. Athanasiadou & E. Tabakowska (Eds.), Speaking of emotions: Conceptualisation and expression (pp. 99–124). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Hatfield, E., & Rapson, R. (1996). Love and sex: Cross-cultural perspectives. New York: Allyn & Bacon.
Hinnerová, K. (2007). Food as a transcultural metaphor: Food imagery and ethnocultural identities in contemporary multicultural women writing in Canada. Unpublished Diploma Thesis of Masaryk University of Brno.
Hoorweg, J., & Niemeyer, R. (1980). Preliminary studies on some aspects of Kikuyu food habits. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 91, 139–150.
Jankowiak, W. R., & Fisher, E. F. (1992). A cross-cultural perspective on romantic love. Ethnology, 31(2), 149–155.
Kleparski, G. A. (2008). The joys and sorrows of metaphorical consumption: Mozarellas, prostisciuttos, muttons and yum-yum girls – foodsemy with a romance accent, z e s z y t y n a u k owe uniwersyteturzeszowskiego, seria filologicznastudiaanglicaresoviensia 51, 45–59.
Kolodny, N. (2003). Love as valuing a relationship. The Philosophical Review, 112 (2), 135–189.
Kövecses, Z. (1991). Happiness: A definitional effort. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 6 (1), 29–46.
Kövecses, Z. (2000). Metaphor and emotion: Language, culture and the body in human feeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kövecses, Z. (2002). Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kövecses, Z. (2006). Language, mind, and culture: A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kövecses, Z. (2010). Metaphor and culture. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica, 2 (2), 197–220.
Knowles, M., & Rosamund, M. (2006). Introducing metaphor. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge.
Krennmayr, T. (2008). Using dictionaries in linguistic metaphor identification. In N. L. Johannesson & D. C. Minugh (Eds.), Selected Papers from the 2006 and 2007 Stockholm Metaphor Festivals (pp. 97–115). Stockholm: Department of English, Stockholm University.
Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 1081, 480–498.
Lakoff, G. (1990). The invariance hypothesis: Is abstract reason based on image-schemas? Cognitive Linguistics, 1 (1), 39–74.
Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd ed.) (pp. 202–251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh: the embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought. New York: Basic Books.
Lakoff, G., and Turner, M. (1989). More than cool reason. A field guide to poetic metaphor. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Leakey, L. S. (1977). The Southern Kikuyu before 1903. London: Academie Press.
Li, X. (2010). Conceptual metaphor theory and teaching of English and Chinese idioms. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 1 (3), 206–210.
Liebowitz, M. R. (1983). The chemistry of love. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Maalej, Z. (2004). Figurative language in anger expressions in Tunisian Arabic: An extended view of embodiment. Metaphor and Symbol, 19 (1), 51–75.
Mbaabu, I. (1996). Language policy in East Africa: A dependency theory perspective. Nairobi: Educational Research Publication.
Molek-Kozakowska, K. (2014). Coercive metaphors in news headlines: A cognitive-pragmatic approach. Brno Studies in English, 40 (1), 1–21.
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mugane, J. M. (1997). A paradigmatic grammar of Gikuyu. Stanford: CSLI Publications.
O’Brien, R. D. (1998). Fats and oils: Formulating and processing for applications. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing Co., Inc.
Oliver, M., & Hyde, J. (1993). Gender differences in sexuality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 1141, 29–51.
Pockenpaugh, N., & Poleman, C. (1996). Nutrition: Essential and diet therapy (8th ed.). Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Rozin, P. (1996). Towards a psychology of food and eating: From motivation to module to model to marker, morality, meaning, and metaphor. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 51, 18–24.
Semino, E., & Steen, G. (2008). Metaphor in literature. In R. W. Gibbs Jr. (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought (pp. 232–246). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Yang, R. (2008). A holographic study of metaphors concerning love in Chinese. Intercultural Communication Studies, 17 (1), 90–101.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Yang, Kun, Jinqiu Guo & Xu Wen
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 1 august 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.