Index

• Accusative 50, 128, 130, 156, 158, 164, 183

• Additive 59, 72, 92, 131

• Adjective 49, 62, 90

• Adverb 95

• Agglutination 48

• Amerind 2, 134–135

• Andative 88–89

• Applicative 102–104, 106, 115, 156, 164

• Apu xii, 38–39, 117, 178

• Arawak matrix ix, 14, 171, 173, 176

• Assertive 130

• Aymara xv, 26, 44, 51, 63, 65–66, 128, 151, 156–158, 161–162, 164, 166, 178, 183, 188

• Bagua 165–166

• Balsapuerto xii, xiv, xvii, 30–31, 40–41, 43, 45–46, 49–51, 54–55, 66–76, 79–80, 82–85, 87, 90, 93, 96–98, 100–101, 103, 105–114, 116–118, 121–123, 125–127, 130–131, 170, 173, 205–206

• Balsapuerto Complex 30–31

• Balsapuerto Corrugado style 30

• Bayesian phylogenetics 12

• BEAST 144

• Buenos Aires 40

• Cachiyacu ix, 29, 29–32, 34, 38, 46, 170, 172, 189–190, 205

• Cahuapanas xvii, 29, 29, 32–33, 35, 37, 39–41, 45–48, 55, 65, 68, 70, 72, 75, 77–79, 82, 85, 87–88, 93, 96, 98, 100, 113, 115, 117–118, 121, 131, 160, 179, 181–184, 189–190

• Candoa 166–167

• Canoapuerto 34, 38, 40, 67

• Carib ix, xiv, xv, 1–2, 4, 26, 147, 153, 159, 165–168, 170–171, 183–184, 188, 191

• Causative 43, 48, 50, 99–101, 103, 109, 111–112, 116, 156–157, 175, 177–180

• Celtic 8–9

• Cerros de Mainas 35

• Chacha 207

• Chachapuya xv, ix, 1, 26, 47, 159, 165–166, 169–171, 176, 183, 188

• Chan Chan stylexii

• Chapacuran xii, 2, 11, 146–147, 188

• Chayabita 33

• Chayahuita xvii, 16, 29, 31–33, 35, 37–38, 40, 42–43, 45–52, 56, 80–81, 85–86, 89–90, 102–104, 110, 119–120, 122, 124, 128–129, 148–149, 181, 197, 200, 204–206

• Chayavitas 32, 46

• Chicham 43, 131, 166, 177, 181–182

• Chirino 165–166

• Cholón ix, xvi, 37, 151, 153, 155, 166, 169, 188–190, 194

• Chonan 3, 26, 151, 153, 188

• Classifier xvi, 48, 92–95, 110, 113, 157, 164, 168

• Cognoscitive 87

• Competence vii, xi, 5, 11, 16–24, 133, 176, 184, 186

• Compound verb 86

• Concepción de Cavapanas 33

• Concho 32–33, 35–36, 38, 47

• Conjunctions 97–98

• Contact linguistics 3, 20, 23

• Continuos-Time Markov Chain Model (CTMC) 137

• Contrastive 91, 127, 130, 156

• Copallén 165–166

• Copula 50, 72, 83–84, 118–119

• Cuelap Tosco A 30

• Cumpanamá 31, 47, 172

• Deictic 92, 150

• Desiderative 87, 105, 111, 165

• Diminutive 63, 95, 156, 164

• Downriver andative 88–89

• Dubitative xiii, 74, 76–77

• Dutch 63, 138

• Dynamic approach 152–153, 161, 186

• Emphatic 35, 54, 131, 156

• English 16, 39, 48, 83, 91–92, 121, 138–139, 163, 201, 203

• Ergative 50–51, 103, 111, 115–116, 123–127, 130, 156, 158

• Family tree model vii, 6–7, 10–11, 19, 22, 135

• First Wave 12

• Flux approach vii, 5, 17, 22, 187

• Generative Semantics vii, 18, 20, 24, 163, 208

• Glide amalgamationviii

• Glossography of power vii, 5, 13, 16–17

• Glottolog xii, 145–147

• Glottonym 37, 47

• Greek 8–9

• Guarani xiv, 4, 35, 147–148

• Hibito ix, xvi, 166, 189–190

• historical marker 2, 26, 135, 152, 162, 180, 188

• Horizontal transmission 8, 10, 187

• Hybrid Grammar 11

• Indexical order 13

• Indo-European xi, 6, 8–9, 136, 195, 207

• Interjection 98

• Internally Variable Competence 5, 11, 20

• Interrogative xiv, 91, 130–131, 156, 164

• Isogrammatism 4, 157, 161

• Italic 8–9

• item-based approach 137

• Jeberos 29, 32–33, 35, 37, 40, 42, 45–46, 207

• Jesuit vii, xiii, 27–29, 31–38, 40–41, 47, 172, 189–190

• Jivaroan ix, 33–34, 36–38, 43, 150, 160, 166, 180–184, 189–190

• Jordania 42

• Kakua-Nukak 3

• Kawapanan vii, viii, ix, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, 1–2, 5, 10, 12, 16, 22, 25–31, 33–34, 36–37, 43–44, 46–47, 55, 80, 93, 113, 119, 133, 137, 148–151, 153, 155, 186–191, 197, 206

• Kuelap 170

• Kuikuro 4

• Kuikuro prayer 4

• Kukama 30, 35–36

• Kunza 151, 153, 188

• La Concepción 29, 33, 46

• Layer 23, 26, 152–153, 158, 160–161, 177, 180, 183, 188

• Limburgish 138–139

• Limpia Concepción de Jeberos 32, 35

• Lingueme 5, 11, 192

• Linguistic endogamy 4

• Linguistic theory 19–20, 44, 195

• Luyachillaos 167

• Macro-Gê 2

• Marañón-Huallaga ix, 25, 32, 34, 172, 184, 190, 198

• Masatera 39

• Masato 38–39, 83, 96

• Mayna Chawi 46

• Mayo 38

• Mochica xvi, 63, 66, 191, 198, 201

• modular 11–12, 20, 23, 25

• Moyobamba 27–28, 31–33, 35, 173, 179

• Muniche ix, xvi, 16, 28, 30, 35, 37, 142, 176, 189–191, 203

• Munichis 37

• n:m paradigm 134–135

• Nadahup 3, 190

• Negation 85, 153, 164

• New Testament 40, 43, 61

• Nominal predication 51, 69, 84

• Nominalisation viii, xiv, 44, 85, 92, 110–117, 119

• Nominaliser 68, 79, 85, 111–114, 118–119, 150, 156, 164

• Nominative 50, 128, 130, 158, 164, 183

• Noun derivation 63

• Noun inflection 64

• Nuestra Señora de Cahuapanas y Conchos 33

• Nuestra Señora de la Presentación de Chayabitas 32

• Nuestra Señora de Loreto de Paranapuras 32

• Nueva Concepción 33

• Nueva Luz 40, 83

• Numeral xv, xvi, 12, 26, 37, 90, 92–94, 157–159, 164, 189–190, 197–198

• Numeral classifier 94

• Oblique case xiii, 51, 62, 65–66, 68, 70–71, 157, 171, 183

• Old Testament 41

• Osco-Umbrian 8

• Palatalisation viii, 54

• Panoan 2

• Pano-Takanan 2, 208

• Paranapura 16, 29–33, 35–36, 38, 40–42, 45–46, 55, 79, 83, 119, 189

• Patagón 159, 166, 188

• Phoneme viii, 52, 52–55, 57–58, 60–62, 137, 140, 143–144, 149, 153, 153, 187–188

• Phylogenetic viii, ix, 2, 133, 137, 139–140, 143–144, 146, 148–149, 153, 188

• Polylectal Grammar 5, 11, 20, 25, 178, 191

• Polylectal Internally Dynamic Competence vii, 17, 20–23, 186

• Portuguese 34

• Prefix xi, xii, xv, 48, 50, 85, 99–101, 109, 111, 150, 177–178, 180

• Pronoun 64–65, 68, 84, 91, 117–119, 123, 134–135, 137, 140–141, 146

• Proto-Austronesian 8

• Proto-Chicham 167

• Proto-Finno-Ugric 8

• Proto-Pama-Nyungan 8

• Proto-Quechua 8, 151, 163

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan 8

• Pseudo-cognate 142

• Puelche ix, xii, xv, 26, 148–151, 153, 188, 202

• Puquina 191

• Purposive xiii, 68, 74, 79–81

• Quasive 85

• Quechua xv, xvi, 8, 15–17, 22, 34, 36–37, 44, 47, 51, 63–66, 72, 91–92, 128, 130, 135, 142, 151, 155–159, 161–165, 169–170, 173, 178, 183–184, 188, 191, 196–197, 199, 204, 208

• Reciprocal 50, 99, 109, 111–112

• Reducciones 16, 36, 189–190

• Reflexive 50, 109, 111–112, 135, 180

• Regional system 4

• Rentema Complex 30

• Rhymeviii

• Sácata 176

• Salt mines of Cachiyacu 30, 34, 36

• San Agustín Culture 30

• San Jorge 40

• Santa Rosa 40

• Secxvi

• Second Wave 12–13

• Serial verbs 86

• Shanusi 45–46, 190

• Shawi vii, viii, ix, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, 1, 5, 12, 16–17, 24–32, 34–56, 58, 60–66, 68–71, 73–75, 79–80, 82–86, 88, 90–93, 95–100, 102–103, 106–107, 109–110, 113–119, 121, 123–125, 128–131, 149, 156, 158–162, 164–165, 169–170, 172, 175, 177, 186–191, 195, 197, 206, 207

• Shiwilu xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, 1, 5, 16, 27, 31–37, 42–45, 47, 54, 56, 92–93, 111, 119, 149, 156–159, 162–165, 169, 172, 177–180, 186, 188, 191, 199, 202, 207

• Sillay xvii, 29, 32, 34–35, 40–41, 46, 55, 68, 71, 97, 177

• Social force 9, 23, 160, 164

• Sociative causative 100–101, 116

• Sociohistorical linguistics 3, 23

• Spanish 5, 15–16, 21–22, 27–29, 32–37, 41, 43, 45, 47–49, 51, 54, 60, 69, 90, 92, 94, 121, 124, 135, 164, 166, 169, 173, 175, 190

• Speaker-centred approach vii, 6, 10, 12, 18

• Specifier 132

• Stative 44, 49, 51, 88–89, 129–130

• Stone classifierxvi

• Suffix 48, xv, 48–50, 54, 63–65, 69, 71–72, 74–75, 78–82, 85, 88–89, 91–92, 97, 100–102, 106–115, 117, 119, 130–132, 150, 156, 162, 165, 177, 179

• Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) 29

• Syllable structure viii, 52, 57–58

• Synthesis 48

• Tabancal 165–166

• The sheep and the horses 6–7

• Third Wave 13

• Translocative 88

• Trumai 4

• Tukanoan 3, 11

• Tupi 2, 4, 35, 118, 184

• Typology 25, 44, 73, 86, 128–129, 191–192, 194, 198–200, 202–204, 206–207

• Upano tradition 30

• Upper Amazonian Quechua 34, 36–37, 92, 158

• Upper Xingu 3–4

• Uro-Chipaya 2

• Utcubamba 30

• Valency viii, xiv, 44, 48–50, 73, 86–87, 99, 102, 104, 106, 109, 111–116, 128, 172, 175–177, 180, 184, 188–190, 192, 206

• Variation 3, 5, 10–13, 17–20, 23, 35, 81, 97, 124, 154, 176, 195, 198, 201–202, 206, 208

• Vaupés 3–4, 13, 15

• Venetic 8–9

• Venitive 88–89

• Völkerpsychologie 134, 208

• Warpean 150–153, 188

• Wave theory vii, 5, 10–11, 13, 19

• West-Flemish 138

• Xingu 3–4, 199, 207

• Xoroca 165–166

• Young grammarians 7