List of tables
1.1Comparison between the static and the dynamic pradigms, extracted and slightly adapted from Bailey (1973, p. 34).
2.1Jesuit Missions in the Kawapanan area (after Fuentes, 1988, p. 17; Ochoa-Gilonne, 2007, p. 33)
3.1Shawi person-marking suffixes
3.2Shawi consonant inventory.
3.3Keywords for consonants
3.4Means of F1 and F2 after 16 tokens
3.5Distribution of consonantal phonemes. (Y) indicates a consonant occurs in position (X) while (N) indicates that it does not. (-) indicates that, although that combination is possible, such a syllable is not existent in the corpus. ‘#_’ stands for word initial; ‘._/’, for syllable initial, ‘V._’, for post-vocalic; ‘_.’, for syllable final, ‘_#’, for word final; and ‘_(x)y’, for preceding vowel (x), with a particular phonemic contrast (y).
3.6Shawi Alphabets
3.7Common nouns in Shawi
3.8Possession paradigm
3.9Oblique case markers in Shawi
3.10Subject suffixes in the non-future tense
3.11Subject suffixes in the future tense
3.12Subject suffixes in the subjunctive
3.13Subject agreement suffixes in the dubitative mood
3.14Subject suffixes in the purposive
3.15Subject suffixes in the sequential mood
3.16Subject suffixes in the simultaneous
3.17Subject suffixes in the hypothetical mood
3.18Person object forms in Shawi
3.19Compound verbs
3.20Common adjectives in Shawi
3.21Personal pronouns
3.22Interrogative pronouns in Shawi
3.23Deictics in Shawi
3.24Numerals in Shawi
3.25Place adverbs in Shawi
3.26Common temporal adverbs in Shawi
3.27Modal adverbs in Shawi
3.28Quantity adverbs in Shawi
3.29Conjunctions
3.30Common interjections in Shawi
3.31Lexical vs. morphological causatives in Shawi
3.32Valency increasing -te
3.33Valency decreasing –te
3.34Verbaliser -te
3.35Performer/agent nominalisation (EM_NOM_Balsapuerto_CYP_310714)
3.36Resultative nominalisations
3.37Instrumental nominalisations
3.38Person-marking in Shawi
3.39Grammatical relations in Shawi
4.1Maquiritari, Hixkaryana, Waiwai, Galibi, Carib, E’napa Woromaipu, and Macuchi pronouns
4.2Eastern Bolivian Guarani, Paraguayan Guarani, Mundurukú, Aché, and Urarina pronouns
4.3The Kawapanan and Puelche pronominal systems. The table also includes Proto-Kawapanan (P. M. Valenzuela Bismarck, 2011; L. M. Rojas-Berscia & Nikulin, 2016) for comparative purposes.
4.4The Kawapanan and Puelche subject suffixes/prefixes systems, based on Rojas-Berscia and Nikulin (2016) for Proto-Kawapanan (Proto-Kawapanan) and Viegas Barros (2017) for Puelche.
4.5The Kawapanan object suffix system compared to the Puelche second prefix system.
4.6Proto-Kawapanan and Puelche lexical affinities
4.7A comparison of the languages between the Kawapanan-Puelche space. Forms that show some resemblance appear in bold.
5.1Features shared by the major Andean languages (Quechua and Aymara) and Kawapanan languages. Red asterisks indicate a discrepancy between my analysis and that in Valenzuela (2015, p. 47). Some sections from the original were left out.
5.2Features which Kawapanan and the major Andean languages do not share. Bold indicates a discrepancy with Valenzuela’s (2015, p. 13) analysis.
5.3Case systems in Quechua, Aymara (based on Cerrón-Palomino (2008)), Shawi and Shiwilu (Barraza de García, 2005a; L. M. Rojas-Berscia, 2013; Valenzuela et al., 2013)
5.4A comparison between the Quechua, 18th-century Shiwilu and Shawi numeral systems. Quechua loans are marked in bold.
5.5Non-future verbal paradigm for the verb ‘to eat’ in Quechumara (Cerrón-Palomino, 2008) and Kawapanan (L. M. Rojas-Berscia, 2019a; van Schie, 2018)
5.6Selk’nam OVS (L. M. Rojas-Berscia, 2014)
5.7Lexemes list following Relación de la tierra de Jaén (Torero, 2002, p. 273)
5.8Lexical parallelisms between Kawapanan and Carib*,** (adapted from Jolkesky, 2016, pp. 495–496)
5.9Some parallelisms between Kawapanan and Chachapuya (based on L. M. Rojas-Berscia (2020)
5.10Lexical parallelisms between Proto-Kawapanan and Arawak*,** (adapted*** from Jolkesky (2016, pp. 365–366))
5.11Muniche pronominal system compared with that of Arawak (Gibson, 1996):
5.12The possession paradigm in Shawi