Washing the Brain – Metaphor and Hidden Ideology
Author
Contemporary metaphor theory has recently begun to address the relation between metaphor, culture and ideology. In this wide-ranging book, Andrew Goatly, using lexical data from his database Metalude, investigates how conceptual metaphor themes construct our thinking and social behaviour in fields as diverse as architecture, engineering, education, genetics, ecology, economics, politics, industrial time-management, medicine, immigration, race, and sex. He argues that metaphor themes are created not only through the universal body but also through cultural experience, so that an apparently universal metaphor such as event-structure as realized in English grammar is, in fact, culturally relative, compared with e.g. the construal of 'cause and effect' in the Algonquin language Blackfoot. Moreover, event-structure as a model is both scientifically reactionary and, as the basis for technological mega-projects, has proved environmentally harmful. Furthermore, the ideologies of early capitalism created or exploited a selection of metaphor themes historically traceable through Hobbes, Hume, Smith, Malthus and Darwin. These metaphorical concepts support neo-Darwinian and neo-conservative ideologies apparent at the beginning of the 21st century, ideologies underpinning our social and environmental crises. The conclusion therefore recommends skepticism of metaphor’s reductionist tendencies.
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 23] 2007. xvii, 431 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Table of Contents
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Dedication | p. v
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Typographical conventions | p. vii
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Table of contents | pp. ix–xiii
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List of tables | pp. xv–xvi
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List of figures | p. xvii
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Preface | pp. 1–8
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Section 1
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1. Introducing metaphor | pp. 11–33
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2. Metaphors of power | pp. 35–87
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3. Metaphors for humans and the living world | pp. 89–118
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4. Humans as animals, literal or metaphorical? | pp. 119–161
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5. Interactions between metaphor themes | pp. 163–214
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Introduction to section 2 | pp. 215–216
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6. Are metaphorical themes universal? | pp. 217–279
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7. Grammar, metaphor and ecology | pp. 281–333
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8. Capitalism and the development of ideological | pp. 335–402
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Main index | pp. 415–422
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Name and author index | pp. 423–426
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Index of languages | p. 427
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Index of metonymy themes (X AS Y), metaphorthemes (X IS Y), metaphor equations (X = Y)and theme reversals | pp. 429–431
“In his brilliant book Andrew Goatly convincingly argues that part of the blame for the way we have messed up our world politically, ecologically, economically, biologically, is on the deep-seated and largely unnoticeable metaphors that shape our thinking. As a first step to remedy the situation, we need to uncover these ideologically-loaded metaphors and look for alternative ones. The book is a clear, well-informed, and sometimes even moving appeal for understanding the role of metaphors in the human predicament.”
Professor Zoltan Kövecses, Eötvös Loránd University
“[...] Goatly's political thrust is convincing, timely and necessay [...]”
Veronika Koller, Lancaster University, in the Journal of Language and Politics, Vol. 7:2 (2008)
“Goatly's book provides an inspiring and provocative account of the possibilities of linking cognitive and critical discourse studies.”
Andreas Musolff, Durham University, in Discourse Studies 10(5), 2008.
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2014. Rhetoric and argument in social and environmental reporting: the Dirty Laundry case. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 27:4 ► pp. 602 ff.
Mabugu, Patricia R., Annastacia Dhumukwa, Laston Mukaro & Catherine R. Sibanda
2022. A Semantic Analysis of Metaphors Found in Selected Lyrics of Oliver Mtukudzi’s Songs. In The Cultural and Artistic Legacy of Oliver Mtukudzi, ► pp. 79 ff.
Makinde, Peter Oyewole
2023. Visual representation of ASUU strikes in Nigeria: a semiotic analysis of cartoons in selected Nigerian newspapers. Language and Semiotic Studies 9:2 ► pp. 242 ff.
Mannoni, Michele
2021. Rights Metaphors Across Hybrid Legal Languages, Such as Euro English and Legal Chinese. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique 34:5 ► pp. 1375 ff.
Marks, Michael P.
2018. Metaphors of Democratization. In Revisiting Metaphors in International Relations Theory, ► pp. 91 ff.
Martin, Drew, Nitha Palakshappa & Arch Woodside
2019. Consumer Metaphoria: Uncovering the Automaticity of Animal, Product/Brand, and Country Meanings. Australasian Marketing Journal 27:2 ► pp. 113 ff.
Martin, Victoria & Luis Miguel Lázaro
2011. The race to educational reform in the USA: the race to the top. Language and Education 25:6 ► pp. 479 ff.
Mlynář, Jakub
2016. Stroje, texty, sítě a jiné obrazy: metaforický rozměr sociologie. AUC PHILOSOPHICA ET HISTORICA 2016:2 ► pp. 51 ff.
Molek-Kozakowska, Katarzyna
2014. Coercive metaphors in news headlines: a cognitive-pragmatic approach. Brno Studies in English 40:1 ► pp. 149 ff.
Molpeceres, Sara
2017. Chapter 10. Posthumanism and the city. In Developing New Identities in Social Conflicts [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 71], ► pp. 204 ff.
Morales-López, Esperanza
2017. Chapter 12. Cognitive frames, imaginaries and discursive constructions. In Developing New Identities in Social Conflicts [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 71], ► pp. 250 ff.
Moratti, Sofia
2021. Contemporary Fairy Tales: Narrating Women Academics Through Metaphors. Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics 5:2 ► pp. 21 ff.
Muelas-Gil, María
2021. Chapter 3. National vs international cartoons depicting Catalonia’s independence process in the press. In Discourse Studies in Public Communication [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 92], ► pp. 60 ff.
Mujagić, Mersina
2022. The Migration as an Invasion and the Common European House metaphors in media discourse. ExELL 10:1 ► pp. 22 ff.
Mujagić, Mersina & Sanja Berberović
2019. The IMMIGRANTS ARE ANIMALS metaphor as a deliberate metaphor in British and Bosnian-Herzegovinian media. ExELL 7:1 ► pp. 22 ff.
Musolff, Andreas
2011. Metaphorische Parasiten und „parasitäre“ Metaphern: Semantische Wechselwirkungen zwischen politischem und naturwissenschaftlichem Vokabular. In Metaphern und Gesellschaft, ► pp. 105 ff.
Musolff, Andreas
2012. The study of metaphor as part of critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies 9:3 ► pp. 301 ff.
Musolff, Andreas
2014. Metaphoricalparasitesand “parasitic” metaphors. Journal of Language and Politics 13:2 ► pp. 218 ff.
Musolff, Andreas
2017. Analiza scenariuszy metaforycznych w ramach lingwistyki kulturowej. In Lingwistyka kulturowa i międzykulturowa. Antologia,
Musolff, Andreas
2017. Metaphor and Cultural Cognition. In Advances in Cultural Linguistics [Cultural Linguistics, ], ► pp. 325 ff.
Musolff, Andreas
2022. “World-beating” Pandemic Responses: Ironical, Sarcastic, and Satirical Use of War and Competition Metaphors in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic. Metaphor and Symbol 37:2 ► pp. 76 ff.
Neary, Clara
2014. Chapter 8. Profiling the flight of ‘The Windhover’. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 117 ff.
Neary, Clara
Ng, Carl Jon Way
2018. Skilling the nation, empowering the citizen. Journal of Language and Politics 17:1 ► pp. 118 ff.
Nicaise, Laurent
2010. Metaphor and the Context of Use: A Multidimensional Approach. Metaphor and Symbol 25:2 ► pp. 63 ff.
Nicolae, Adina Oana
2015. Leaders banking on ethos. In Persuasive Games in Political and Professional Dialogue [Dialogue Studies, 26], ► pp. 217 ff.
Nuttall, Louise
2014. Chapter 6. Constructing a text world for The Handmaid’s Tale. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 83 ff.
O'Sullivan, Helen
2013. Creating worldviews: metaphor, ideology and language. Language and Intercultural Communication 13:1 ► pp. 109 ff.
Oakley, Todd
2014. Afterword: From Cognitive Grammar to systems rhetoric. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 231 ff.
Ononye, Chuka & Innocent Chiluwa
2023. “There’s still something positive about the Niger Delta ecology”: Metaphor and ideology in the Niger Delta poetic discourse. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 32:3 ► pp. 275 ff.
Onyango, Daniel
Onysko, Alexander
2017. Conceptual metaphor variation in meaning interpretation. Cognitive Linguistic Studies 4:1 ► pp. 7 ff.
O’Mara-Shimek, Michael
2020. Chapter 1. Crisis Marketing through conceptual ontology in metaphor in financial reporting. In The Language of Crisis [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 87], ► pp. 23 ff.
O’Mara-Shimek, Michael, Manuel Guillén-Parra & Ana Ortega-Larrea
2015. Stop the bleeding or weather the storm? crisis solution marketing and the ideological use of metaphor in online financial reporting of the stock market crash of 2008 at the New York Stock Exchange. Discourse & Communication 9:1 ► pp. 103 ff.
Panagiotidou, Maria-Eirini
2022. Collaborative Ekphrasis: Multimodal Interplay. In The Poetics of Ekphrasis, ► pp. 189 ff.
Paprota, Małgorzata
2020. Attack metaphors of the welfare state and austerity across the British press, 2008–2015. Brno studies in English :1 ► pp. 21 ff.
Payne, Monica A.
2012. “All Gas and No Brakes!”. Journal of Adolescent Research 27:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Perrez, Julien & Min Reuchamps
2015. Special issue on the political impact of metaphors. Metaphor and the Social World 5:2 ► pp. 165 ff.
Pihlaja, Stephen
2013. ‘It’s all red ink’: The interpretation of biblical metaphor among Evangelical Christian YouTube users. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 22:2 ► pp. 103 ff.
Pincombe, Mike
2014. Chapter 11. Most and now: Tense and aspect in Bálint Balassi’s ‘Áldott szép pünkösdnek’. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 161 ff.
Pleyer, Michael & Christian W. Schneider
2014. Chapter 3. Construal and comics: The multimodal autobiography of Alison Bechdel’sFun Home. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 35 ff.
Poppi, Fabio & Peter Kravanja
2019. Sic vita est: Visual representation in painting of the conceptual metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY
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Poppi, Fabio I. M., Marianna Bolognesi & Amitash Ojha
2020. Imago Dei: Metaphorical conceptualization of pictorial artworks within a participant-based framework. Semiotica 2020:236-237 ► pp. 349 ff.
Poppi, Fabio I. M. & Eduardo Urios-Aparisi
2018. De Corporibus Humanis: Metaphor and Ideology in the Representation of the Human Body in Cinema. Metaphor and Symbol 33:4 ► pp. 295 ff.
Poppi, Fabio I. M.
Poppi, Fabio Indìo Massimo & Peter Kravanja
Poppi, Fabio Indìo Massimo & Peter Kravanja
2021. Aurora musis amica: Metaphoric conceptualization of depression in online visual representations. Visual Communication 20:4 ► pp. 443 ff.
Putz, Orsolya
2016. Metaphor evolution and survival in Hungarian public discourse on the Trianon peace treaty. Metaphor and the Social World 6:2 ► pp. 276 ff.
Päivärinta, Anne
2014. Chapter 9. Foregrounding the foregrounded: The literariness of Dylan Thomas’s ‘After the funeral’. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 133 ff.
Pühringer, Stephan & Katrin Hirte
Rafoss, Tore Witsø
2019. Enemies of freedom and defenders of democracy: The metaphorical response to terrorism. Acta Sociologica 62:3 ► pp. 297 ff.
Rasulić, Katarina
2020. Chapter 4. Turning the heart into a neighbour. In The Language of Crisis [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 87], ► pp. 111 ff.
Reuchamps, Min, Paul H. Thibodeau & Julien Perrez
2019. Introduction: Studying variation in political metaphor. In Variation in Political Metaphor [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 85], ► pp. 1 ff.
Richardson, Peter & Charles M. Mueller
Ritchie, L. David
2009. Relevance and Simulation in Metaphor. Metaphor and Symbol 24:4 ► pp. 249 ff.
Rojas-Sosa, Deyanira
2014. Traditional and not so traditional metaphors of love in Spanish. Metaphor and the Social World 4:2 ► pp. 199 ff.
Rosa, María Victoria Martín de la & Elena Domínguez Romero
2019. A modality-based approach to the United Nations Security Council’s ambiguous positioning in the resolutions on the Syrian armed conflict
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Rossi, Micaela
2017. Chapter 8. Terminological metaphors and the nomadism of specialised terms. In Multiple Perspectives on Terminological Variation [Terminology and Lexicography Research and Practice, 18], ► pp. 181 ff.
Rossi, Micaela
2021. Marc Bonhomme, Anne-Marie Paillet & Philippe Wahl (éds). 2017. Métaphore et argumentation (Paris : L’Harmattan) | Paola Paissa, Michelangelo Conoscenti, Ruggero Druetta & Martin Solly (eds). 2020. Me. Argumentation et analyse du discours :27
Santa Ana, Otto
Sawaki, Tomoko
2016. Conceptualisation of Generic Structure Components. In Analysing Structure in Academic Writing, ► pp. 139 ff.
Scott, Eric M. & Shelley Ching-yu Depner
2016. How Do Taiwanese Second-Language Learners Learn English Body Part Metonymy. In Embodiment in Language (II), ► pp. 177 ff.
Senkbeil, Karsten
2020. Idioms in intercultural communication. International Journal of Language and Culture 7:1 ► pp. 38 ff.
Sharapkova, A. A. & A. M. Merkulova
2023. Fakes within Context of Historical Knowledge Interacting with Language and Thought Structures: Interdisciplinary Model. Nauchnyi dialog 12:2 ► pp. 157 ff.
Shenk, Elaine
2015. El engañolyel cuco: metaphors in the nexus between language and status in Puerto Rico. Language and Intercultural Communication 15:3 ► pp. 324 ff.
Short, William Michael, Wilson Shearin & Alistair Welchman
2014. Deleuze and the Enaction of Non-Sense. In Enactive Cognition at the Edge of Sense-Making, ► pp. 238 ff.
Sorlin, Sandrine
2016. Macrostructure and Linguistic Characterization. In Language and Manipulation in House of Cards, ► pp. 33 ff.
Stockwell, Peter
2008. Review Article: The year's work in stylistics 2007. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 17:4 ► pp. 351 ff.
Stockwell, Peter
2014. Chapter 2. War, worlds and Cognitive Grammar. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 17 ff.
Strugielska, Ariadna & Teresa Siek-Piskozub
2013. A Usage-Based Model of Linguistic Metaphors. Inferences for the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Teacher Education. In Correspondences and Contrasts in Foreign Language Pedagogy and Translation Studies [Second Language Learning and Teaching, ], ► pp. 17 ff.
Tabakowska, Elżbieta
2014. Chapter 7. Point of view in translation: Lewis Carroll’sAlicein grammatical wonderlands. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 101 ff.
Tabbert, Ulrike
2016. Deixis and metaphor. In Language and Crime, ► pp. 157 ff.
Tan, Zaixi
2012. The translator’s identity as perceived through metaphors. Across Languages and Cultures 13:1 ► pp. 13 ff.
Dr Tanweer Ali & O'Mara-Shimek, Michael
2015. A communicative efficiency and effectiveness model for using metaphor and metonymy in financial news reporting. On the Horizon 23:3 ► pp. 216 ff.
Toolan, Michael
2018. The Language of Inequality in the News,
Trim, Richard
2019. Le conflit et les origines de la métaphore. Langue française N° 204:4 ► pp. 37 ff.
Trčková, Dita
2011. Multi-Functionality of Metaphor in Newspaper Discourse. Brno Studies in English 37:1
Turner, Sarah
2016. Review of Gonzálvez-García, Peña Cervel & Pérez Hernández (2013): Metaphor and Metonymy Revisited. Beyond the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor. Metaphor and the Social World 6:1 ► pp. 169 ff.
Ullmann, Stefanie
2020. Chapter 5. “Today, the long Arab winter has begun to thaw”. In The Language of Crisis [Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 87], ► pp. 137 ff.
Underhill, James & Mariarosaria Gianninoto
2021. Migrating Concepts in Chinese. In The Palgrave Handbook of Chinese Language Studies, ► pp. 1 ff.
Underhill, James & Mariarosaria Gianninoto
2022. Migrating Concepts in Chinese. In The Palgrave Handbook of Chinese Language Studies, ► pp. 465 ff.
Vandeleene, Audrey, François Randour, Jérémy Dodeigne, Pauline Heyvaert, Thomas Legein, Julien Perrez & Min Reuchamps
2022. Metaphors, political knowledge and the basic income debate in Belgium. Metaphor and the Social World
Venkat, Vishaka & Vinod Balakrishnan
2018. How Conceptual Metaphors Make Political Iconography: A Focus Group Discussion on the Psychological Aspects. In Applied Psychology Readings, ► pp. 325 ff.
Verdaguer, Isabel & Emilia Castaño
2018. The metaphorical conceptualization of sadness in the Anglo-Saxon elegies. Journal of Literary Semantics 47:2 ► pp. 85 ff.
Vereza, Solange
2021. The fabric of metaphor in discourse. In Figurative Language – Intersubjectivity and Usage [Figurative Thought and Language, 11], ► pp. 339 ff.
Vereza, Solange Coelho & Dalby Dienstbach
2021. A wave of metaphors: image and visual metaphors in cartoons from a cognitive-discursive perspective. Revista da ABRALIN ► pp. 874 ff.
Vezovnik, Andreja & Ljiljana Šarić
2020. Subjectless images: visualization of migrants in Croatian and Slovenian public broadcasters’ online news. Social Semiotics 30:2 ► pp. 168 ff.
Viola, Lorella
2023. How Discrete. In The Humanities in the Digital: Beyond Critical Digital Humanities, ► pp. 81 ff.
Voice, Matthew
2022. Language, Cognition, and Drone Warfare: Applying Cognitive Linguistic Tools in the Critical Analysis of Drone Discourses. Journal of War & Culture Studies 15:4 ► pp. 425 ff.
Wackers, Dunja Y. M., H. José Plug & Gerard J. Steen
Walker, Kamila & Antonina Harbus
2020. Metaphors of Shame in George Eliot'sMiddlemarch. George Eliot - George Henry Lewes Studies 72:2 ► pp. 75 ff.
Wang, Jiayu
2017. Representations of the Chinese Communist Party’s political ideologies in President Xi Jinping’s discourse. Discourse & Society 28:4 ► pp. 413 ff.
Wang, Yongqi
2020. The Metaphoric and Metonymic Use of Country Names in Economic News：A Corpus-Based Analysis. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 43:4 ► pp. 439 ff.
Waugh, Linda R., Theresa Catalano, Khaled Al Masaeed, Tom Hong Do & Paul G. Renigar
2016. Critical Discourse Analysis: Definition, Approaches, Relation to Pragmatics, Critique, and Trends. In Interdisciplinary Studies in Pragmatics, Culture and Society [Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology, 4], ► pp. 71 ff.
Wawra, Daniela
2017. Diskursbasierte Ansätze zur Analyse von Public Relations Kommunikation. In Handbuch Sprache in den Public Relations, ► pp. 1 ff.
Wawra, Daniela
2018. Diskursbasierte Ansätze zur Analyse von Public Relations Kommunikation. In Handbuch Sprache in den Public Relations, ► pp. 99 ff.
Wawra, Daniela
2022. „Managing Migration” – Diskurse von EU-Institutionen und US-Regierung zur Migration: Eine kritische Analyse. In Migration, das finde ich …, ► pp. 91 ff.
Wen, Xu, Kun Yang & Fangtao Kuang
Williams Camus, Julia T.
2009. An Approximation to the Ideological Basis of Metaphors Used for Cancer in the English and Spanish Press. FORUM. Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 7:1 ► pp. 171 ff.
Williams Camus, Julia T.
2009. Metaphors of cancer in scientific popularization articles in the British press. Discourse Studies 11:4 ► pp. 465 ff.
Wojtczak, Sylwia & Iwona Witczak-Plisiecka
2019. Metaphors and Legal Language: a Few Comments on Ordinary, Specialised and Legal Meaning . Research in Language 17:3 ► pp. 273 ff.
Wyrwa, Anna
2019. Traces of Speaker’s Worldview in Translations of EU Parliamentary Debate. In Languages – Cultures – Worldviews, ► pp. 293 ff.
Xu, Dan
2018. Multimodal Semiotics in China. In Digital Transformation and Innovation in Chinese Education [Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, ], ► pp. 60 ff.
Yebra López, Carlos
2022. “Terrorism”, “democracy” and the Spanish 1978 “constitution”: transitional concepts, post-transitional metaphors. Critical Studies on Terrorism 15:4 ► pp. 782 ff.
Yu, Yating
2021. Metaphorical representations of “leftover women”: between traditional patriarchy and modern egalitarianism. Social Semiotics 31:2 ► pp. 248 ff.
Yuan, Wenjuan
2014. Chapter 12. Fictive motion in Wordsworthian nature. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 177 ff.
Zhang, Cun
2021. The Sino–US trade war in political cartoons: A synthesis of semiotic, cognitive, and cultural perspectives. Intercultural Pragmatics 18:4 ► pp. 469 ff.
Zhang, Cun & Zhengjun Lin
2023. Metaphor analysis of the COVID-19 public health emergency on Chinese national news media. Pragmatics and Society 14:1 ► pp. 90 ff.
Zhang, Cun, Zhengjun Lin & Shengxi Jin
2022. What Else besides War: Deliberate Metaphors Framing COVID-19 in Chinese Online Newspaper Editorials. Metaphor and Symbol 37:2 ► pp. 114 ff.
Zhang, Yi
2021. Metaphor in Science Communication: With Special Reference to Jade Rabbit of the Moon Rover. Science Communication 43:6 ► pp. 719 ff.
ÇAKIR, Cihan & Mihrali KÖSELİÖREN
2022. Medyada Metaforik Temsil: Göçmenler Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Sosyal Mucit Academic Review 3:2 ► pp. 237 ff.
Šeškauskienė, Inesa
2018. Musolff, A. (2016).Political Metaphor Analysis. Discourse and Scenarios. Metaphor and the Social World 8:1 ► pp. 150 ff.
[no author supplied]
2010. Metaphor in Discourse by Elena Semino. Journal of Sociolinguistics 14:1 ► pp. 149 ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. References. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 237 ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. Index. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. 253 ff.
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
2014. List of contributors. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. vii ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. Acknowledgements. In Cognitive Grammar in Literature [Linguistic Approaches to Literature, 17], ► pp. xi ff.
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
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Subjects
Psychology
Main BIC Subject
CF: Linguistics
Main BISAC Subject
LAN009000: LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General