Redefining Trial by Media

Towards a critical-forensic linguistic interface

| Queen's University Belfast
Hardbound – Available
ISBN 9789027206589 | EUR 99.00 | USD 149.00
 
e-Book –
ISBN 9789027266828 | EUR 99.00 | USD 149.00
 
Redefining Trial by Media: Towards a critical-forensic linguistic interface applies a range of linguistic models to recast trial by media not as a sensationalist and infrequent phenomenon, but as a systematic and routine process. Using critical discourse analysis and cognitive linguistic models, this book builds a Spectrum of Trial by Media which views juries in criminal trials as moulded by ideological media-made constructions of crime. The role of these media constructions is enhanced by the isolation levied on jurors by the linguistic composition of trial language, and reinforced by the language strategies of legal professionals in court. Critically deconstructing media portrayals of crime and forensically examining the language of criminal proceedings, this book offers a redefinition of trial by media which casts the role of the press as much more prevalent in the courtroom trial than is presently appreciated.
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 67]  2016.  xiii, 325 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.67
Table of Contents
Introduction
ix
Acknowledgements
xi
List of tables
xiii
Chapter 1. Defining the scope of the inquiry
1–43
Chapter 2. Direct and enhanced trial by media
45–101
Chapter 3. Media-made crime
103–164
Chapter 4. Reinforced Trial by Media: Smuggled narratives in court
165–224
Chapter 5. Reinforced Trial by Media: Evaluative key in court
225–284
Chapter 6. Conclusion: Reconceiving the jury
285–305
References
307–317
Name index
319–321
Subject index
323–325
Cited by

Cited by 4 other publications

No author info given
2017. Publications Received. Language in Society 46:1 ► pp. 123 ff. Crossref logo
Bartley, Leanne Victoria
2018. “Justice demands that you find this man not guilty”: A transitivity analysis of the closing arguments of a rape case that resulted in a wrongful conviction. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 28:3 ► pp. 480 ff. Crossref logo
Lugea, Jane
2017. The year’s work in stylistics 2016. Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 26:4 ► pp. 340 ff. Crossref logo
Renkema, Jan & Christoph Schubert
2018.  In Introduction to Discourse Studies, Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 january 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

References

References

Abbott, Walter, Hall, Flora, and Elizabeth Linville.
1993 Jury research: A review and bibliography. Philadelphia: American Law Institute-American Bar Association.Google Scholar
Aldridge, Michelle, and June Luchjenbroers
2007 “Linguistic Manipulations in Legal Discourse: Framing questions and ‘smuggling’ information.” Speech, Language and the Law 14 (3): 85–107.Google Scholar
Althusser, Louis
1971 Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. London: New Left Books.Google Scholar
Anderson, Irina, and Geoffrey Beattie
2001 “Depicted Rapes: How similar are vignette and newspaper accounts of rape.” Semiotica 137: 1–21. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Azuelos-Atias, Sol
2011 “On the Incoherence of Legal Language to the General Public.” International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 24: 41–59. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bell, Alan
1991 The Language of News Media. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Bennett, W. Lance, and Martha S. Feldman
1981 Reconstructing Reality in the Courtroom. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Benson, Robert
1985 “The end of legalese: The game is over.” Review of Law and Social Change 13: 519–573.Google Scholar
Bowal, Peter, and Irene Wanke
2001 “Lay Knowledge of Courts in Canada.” International Journal of Sociology of Law 29: 173–194. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Boyce, Ronald, and Rollin Perkins
2000 Criminal Law, 3rd Edition. New York: Foundation.Google Scholar
Brown, David, and David Neal
1988 “Show Trials: The Media and the Gang of Twelve.” In The Jury Under Attack, ed. by Mark Findlay, and Peter Duff, 126–140. London and Sydney: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Brown, Gillian, and George Yule
1983 Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bruner, Jerome
1996 “Frames for thinking: Ways of making meaning.” In Modes of Thought: Explorations in Culture and Cognition, ed. by David Olsen, and Nancy Torrance, 93–105. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Burns, Robert
1999 A Theory of the Trial. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Burt, Martha
1980 “Cultural Myths and Support for Rape.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38: 217–230. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Burt, Martha, and Rochelle Semmel Albin
1981 “Rape myths, rape definitions, and probability of conviction.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 11: 212–230. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, Deborah
1985 Feminism and Linguistic Theory. London: Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1997 “Performing gender identity: young men’s talk and the construction of heterosexual masculinity.” In Language and Masculinity, ed. by Sally Johnson, S. and Ulrike Meinhof, 47–65. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
1998 “Gender, language, and discourse: a review essay.” Signs: Journals of Women in Culture and Society 23 (4): 945–973. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Channell, Joanna
2000 “Corpus-Based Analysis of Evaluative Lexis.” In Evaluation in Text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse, ed. by Susan Hunston, and Geoffrey Thompson, 38–56. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Charrow, Robert, and Veda Charrow
1979 “Making legal language understandable: A psycholinguistic study of jury instructions.” Columbia Law Review 79: 1306–1374. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam
1957 Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Clark, Kate
1992 “The Linguistics of Blame.” In Language, Text and Context, ed. by Michael Toolan, 208–224. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Clark, Marcia
1997 Without a Doubt. New York: Viking.Google Scholar
Coates, Jennifer
1996 Women Talk: Conversation between Women Friends. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Conley, John, O’Barr, William, and E. Allan Lind
1978 “The power of language: Presentational style in the courtroom.” Duke Law Journal: 1375–1399.Google Scholar
Conley, John, and, William O’Barr
1998 Just Words: Law, language and power. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Connell, Ian and Adam Mills
1985 “Text, Discourse and Mass Communication.” In Discourse and Communication: New Approaches to the Analysis of Mass Media Discourse, ed. by Teun A. van Dijk, 26–44. New York: Walter de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, Susan, and Douglas Biber
2000 “Adverbial Marking of Stance in Speech and Writing.” In Evaluation in Text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse, ed. by Susan 
Hunston, and Geoffrey Thompson, 56–74. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Constitution of the United States of America
. In Hames, Tim, and Nicol Rae 1996 Governing America. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Contempt of Court Act
. Chapter 49 27th July 1981 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 28/10/2010.
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), Council of Europe
04th November 1950 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 16/06/2011.
Corker, David, and David Young
2003 Abuse of Process in Criminal Proceedings. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Cotterill, Janet
(ed) 2002 Language in the Legal Process. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2003 Language and Power in Court: A linguistic analysis of the O.J. Simpson trial. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(ed) 2007 The Language of Sexual Crime. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011 “Mugshots and Motherhood: The Media Semiotics of Vilification in Child Abduction Cases.” International Journal of Semiotics and the Law 24 (4): 447–470. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Coulthard, Malcolm, and Alison Johnson
2007 An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics: Language in Evidence. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
(eds) 2010 The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cox, Michelle, and Sarah Tanford
1989 “Effects of evidence and instructions in civil trials: An experimental investigation of rules of admissibility.” Social Behaviour 4: 31–55.Google Scholar
Crime and Disorder Act
. Chapter 37 31st July 1998 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 01/02/2013.
Criminal Justice Act
. Chapter 44 20th November 2003 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 26/01/2012.
Criminal Law Act
. Chapter 45 29th July 1977 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 28/02/2013.
Crystal, David, and Derek Davy
1969 Investigating English Style. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Davies, Matt
2013 Oppositions and Ideology in News Discourse. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Davis, Howard H.
1985 “Discourse and Media Influence.” In Discourse and Communication: New Approaches to the Analysis of Mass Media Discourse, ed. by Teun A. van Dijk, 44–60. New York: Walter de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Devlin, The Hon. Sir Patrick A.
1956 Trial by Jury. London: Stevens.Google Scholar
De Jour, Belle
2005 The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl. London: Weidenfield and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Diamond, Shari Seidman, Vidmar, Neil, Rose, Mary, Ellis, Leslie, and Beth Murphy
2003 “Inside the Jury Room: Evaluating Juror Discussions During Trial.” Judicature 87 (2): 54–60.Google Scholar
Duff, Peter, and Mark Findlay
1997 “Jury Reform: of Myths and Moral Panics.” International Journal of Sociology of Law 25: 363–384. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dumas, Bethany K.
2000 “US pattern jury instructions: problems and proposals.” Forensic Linguistics 7 (1): 49–71.Google Scholar
2002 “Reasonable Doubt about Reasonable Doubt: Assessing Jury Instruction Adequacy in a Capital Case.” In Language in the Legal Process, ed. by Janet Cotterill, 246–260. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, Susan
2001 Representing Rape: Language and Sexual Consent. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, Susan, and Susan Levesque
1996 “Discursive practices, point of view, and the representation of sexual harassment.” In Gender and Belief Systems: Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Women and Language Conference , ed. by Warner, Natasha, Ahlers, Jocelyn, 
Bilmes, Leela, Oliver, Monica, Wertheim, Suzanne, and Mel Chen, 191–200. Berkeley, CA.
English, Peter, and Bruce Sales
1997 “A ceiling or consistency effect for the comprehension of jury instructions.” Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 3: 381–401. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Estrich, Susan
1987 Real Rape. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Fairclough, Norman
1989/2001 Language and Power. London: Longman.Google Scholar
1995 Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London: Longman.Google Scholar
1995 Media Discourse. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Fairclough, Norman and Ruth Wodak
1997 “Critical Discourse Analysis.” In Discourse Studies: A multidisciplinary introduction, ed. by Teun A. van Dijk, 258–284. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Feild, Hubert
1978 “Attitudes toward rape: A comparative analysis of police, rapists, crisis counsellors, and citizens.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36: 156–179. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Felton Rosulek, Laura
2010 “Prosecution and defence closing speeches: The creation of contrasting closing arguments.” In The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics, ed. by 
Malcolm Coulthard, and Alison Johnson, 218–230. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Findlay, Mark, and Peter Duff
(eds) 1988 The Jury Under Attack. London and Sydney: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Findlay, Mark
1988 “The Role of the Jury in a Fair Trial.” In The Jury Under Attack, ed. by Mark Findlay, and Peter Duff, 161–172. London and Sydney: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Finkel, Norman J.
1995 Commonsense justice: Jurors’ notions of the law. Cambridge, MA: 
Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
2000 “Commonsense Justice and Jury Instructions: Instructive and Reciprocating Connections.” Psychology, Public Policy and Law 6: 591–620. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Finkel, Norman J. and Bruce D. Sales
1997 “Old Roots, Germinant Ground, and New Shoots.” Psychology, Public Policy and Law 3: 227–241. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fishman, Mark
1980 Manufacturing the News. Austin, TX and London: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel
1972 The Archaeology of Knowledge. Trans. A.M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
1979 Discipline and Punish: the birth of the prison. Trans. A. Sheridan. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
1980 Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Fowler, Roger, Hodge, Bob, Kress, Gunther, and Tony Trew
1979 Language and Control. 
London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Fowler, Roger
1981 Literature as Social Discourse: The Practice of Linguistic Discourse. London: Batsford Academic.Google Scholar
1991 Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Freiberg, Arie
1988 “Jury Selection in Trials of Commonwealth Offences.” In The Jury Under Attack, ed. by Mark Findlay and Peter Duff, 112–126. London and Sydney: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Galtung, Johan, and Mari Holmboe Ruge
1965 “The Structure of Foreign News.” Journal of International Peace Research 1: 64–90. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Garzone, Giuliana, and Francesca Santulli
2004 “What can corpus linguistics do for discourse analysis?” In Corpora and Discourse, ed. by Alan Partington, John Morley, and Louann Haarmann, 71–88. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Gibbons, John
2003 Forensic Linguistics: An Introduction to Language in the Justice System. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gibbons, John, and M.Teresa Turell
(eds) 2008 Dimensions of Forensic Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gies, Lieve
2011 “A Villains Charter? The Press and the Human Rights Act.” Crime, Media, Culture 7 (2): 167–183. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, Hank M.
1996 The Prosecution Responds. Secaucus, NJ: Birch Lane Press.Google Scholar
Gramsci, Antonio
1971 Selections from the Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart.Google Scholar
Grove, Trevor
1998 The Juryman’s Tale. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Hall, Kira
1995 “Lipservice on the fantasy lines.” In Gender Articulated: Language and the Socially Constructed Self, ed. by Kira Hall, and Mary Bucholtz, 183–216. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Halliday, Michael
1978 Language as Social Semiotic: the Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
1979 “Modes of meaning and modes of expression: types of grammatical structure, and their determination by different semantic functions.” In Function and Context in Linguistic Analysis: Essays Offers to William Haas, ed. by David Allerton, Edward Carney, and David Holdcroft, 57–79. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1994 An Introduction to Functional Grammar 2nd Edition. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Halliday, Michael, and Christian Matthiessen
1999 Constructing Experience Through Meaning: a Language-based Approach to Cognition. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
2004 An Introduction to Functional Grammar 3rd Edition. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Harcup, Tony, and Deirdre O’Neill
2001 “What is News? Galtung and Ruge revisited.” Journalism Studies 2 (2): 261–280. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hastie, Reid
(ed)1993 Inside the Juror. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Heffer, Chris
2002 “If you were Standing in Marks and Spencers: Narrativisation and Comprehension in the English Summing-up.” In Language in the Legal Process, ed. by Janet Cotterill, 228–246. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2005 The Language of Jury Trial: A Corpus-Aided Analysis of Legal-lay Discourse. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2006 “Beyond “reasonable doubt”: The criminal standard of proof instruction as communicative act.” Speech , Language and the Law 13 (2): 159–188.Google Scholar
2007a “The Language of Conviction and the Convictions of Certainty: Is ‘Sure’ an Impossible Standard of Proof?” International Commentary on Evidence 5 (1): 1–32. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2007b “Judgement in Court: Evaluating Participants in Courtroom Discourse.” In Language and the Law: International Outlooks, ed. by Krysztof, Kredens, and Stanislaw Gozdz-Raskowski, 145–179. Frankfurt am Mein: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
2008 “The language and communication of jury instruction.” In Dimensions of Forensic Linguistics, ed. by John Gibbons, and M. Teresa Turell, 47–67. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Helm, June
(ed) 1967) Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Hiltunen, Risto
1990 Chapters on Legal English: Aspects Past and Present of the Language of the Law. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatamia.Google Scholar
Hobbs, Pamela
2002 “Tipping the Scales of Justice: Deconstructing an Expert’s Testimony on Cross-Examination.” International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 15: 411–424. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, Janet
1995 Women, Men and Politeness. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Holmes, Oliver Wendell
1881 The Common Law. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 2009.Google Scholar
Horowitz, Irwin
1985 “The effect of jury nullification instruction on verdicts and jury functioning in criminal trials.” Law and Human Behavior 9: 25–36. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Human Rights Act
. Chapter 42 9th November 1998 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 16/06/2011.
Human Trafficking and Exploitation Act (NI)
. Chapter 2 15th January 2015 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 31/10/2015.
Hunston, Susan, and Geoffrey Thompson
(eds) 2000 Evaluation in Text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Iarovici, Edith, and Rodica Amel
1989 “The Strategy of the Headline.” Semiotica 77 (4): 441–459. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Iedema, Rick, Feez, Susan, and Peter R.R.White
1994 Media Literacy (Write it Right Literacy in Industry Research Project – Stage 2). Sydney: Metropolitan East Disadvantaged Schools Program.Google Scholar
Ito, Hon. Judge Lance
1995 “Judge Ito’s 9/95 Instructions in O.J. Simpson’s criminal case.” Lectric Law Library: www​.lectlaw​.com​/files​/cas62​.htm.Google Scholar
Jackson, Bernard
1990 ‘Semiotics and the Problem of Interpretation.’ In Law Interpretation and Reality: Essays in Epistemology, Hermeneutics and Jurisprudence, ed. by Patrick 
Nerholt, 84–103. Dordrecht: Kluwer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1995 Making Sense in Law: Linguistic, Psychological and Semiotic Perspectives. Liverpool: Deborah Charles.Google Scholar
Jones, Phil, and Clare Wardle
2008 “No emotion, no sympathy: The visual construction of Maxine Carr.” Crime, Media, Culture 4 (1): 53–71. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Juries Act
. Chapter 23 09th July 1974 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 18/02/2011.
Juries Amendment Act (Australia)
C1985A00118. www​.comlaw​.gov​.au. Accessed 27/02/2011.
Jury Act (Australia)
C1965A00013. www​.comlaw​.gov​.au. Accessed 27/02/2011.
Kalven, Harry, and Hans Zeisel
1966 The American Jury. Boston: Little Brown.Google Scholar
Kebbell, Mark, Deprez, Steven, and Graham Wagstaff
2003 “The direct and cross examination of complainants and defendants in rape trials: A quantitative analysis of question type.” Psychology , Crime, and the Law 9 (1): 49–59. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Keeble, Richard
1998 The Newspapers Handbook, 2nd edition. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Tracy
1995 Mistrial of the Century: A Private Diary of the Jury System on Trial. Los Angeles, CA: Dove Books.Google Scholar
Knightly, Phillip
2000 The First Casualty: The History of War Correspondents and Propaganda. London: Prion.Google Scholar
Knox, Michael
1995 Private Diary of an OJ Juror. Los Angeles, CA: Dove Books.Google Scholar
Kramer, Geoffrey, and Dorean Koenig
1990 “Do jurors understand criminal instructions?” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 23 (3): 401–438.Google Scholar
Labov, William
1972 Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Labov, William, and Joshua Waletzky
1967 “Narrative Analysis.” In Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, ed. by June Helm, 12–44. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Lacey, Nicola
1994 Criminal Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George
1987 Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, Robin
1975 Women and Women’s Place. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Larcombe, Wendy
2002 “The “Ideal” victim v. successful rape complainants: Not what you might expect.” Feminist Legal Studies 10 (2): 131–148. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Leps, Marie-Christine
1992 Apprehending the Criminal: The Production of Crime in Nineteenth Century Discourse. Durham and London: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Levi, Michael, and David Corker
1996 “Pre-trial publicity and its treatment in the English courts.” Criminal Law Review 1996, Sep: 622–632.Google Scholar
Lidstone, Kenneth
1982 “Human Rights in the English Criminal Trial.” In Human Rights in Criminal Procedure, ed. by John Andrews, 63–123. Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Joel and Bruce Sales
1997 “What social science teaches us about the jury instruction process.” Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 3: 589–664. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lind, E.Allan, and William O’Barr
1979 “The social significance of speech in the courtroom.” In Language and Social Psychology, ed. by Howard Giles, and Robert St Clair, 66–87. 
Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Louw, William
1993 “Irony in the text or insincerity in the writer? The diagnostic potential of semantic prosodies.” In Text and Technology: In Honour of John Sinclair, ed. by Monica Baker, Gill Francis, and Elena Tognini-Bognelli, 157–176. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Luchjenbroers, June, and Michelle Aldridge
2008 “Language and vulnerable witnesses across legal contexts.” Journal of English Linguistics 36: 191–200. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
McBarnet, Doreen
1979 Conviction. London: McMillan.Google Scholar
McCabe, Susan
1988 “Is Jury Research Dead?” In The Jury Under Attack, ed. by Mark Findlay, and Peter Duff, 27–40. London and Sydney: Butterworths.Google Scholar
McHugh, The Hon. Mr Justice M.
1988 “Jurors’ Deliberations, Jury Secrecy, Public Policy and the Law of Contempt.” In The Jury Under Attack, ed. by Mark Findlay and Peter Duff, 56–74. London and Sydney: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Machado, Helena, and Filipe Santos
2009 “The disappearance of Madeleine McCann: Public drama and trial by media in the Portuguese press.” Crime, Media, Culture 5 (2): 146–167. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Machin, David
2008 “News Discourse I: Understanding the social goings-on behind news texts.” In Language and Power, ed. by Andrea Mayr, 90–115. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Machin, David, and Sarah Niblock
2006 News Production: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Machin, David, and Teun van Leeuwen
2007 Global Media Discourse. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Machin, David, and Andrea Mayr
2012 How To Do Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Manzo, John F.
1994 “You Wouldn’t Take a Seven-Year-Old and Ask Him All These Questions: Jurors’ Use of Practical Reasoning on Supporting Their Arguments.” Law and Social Inquiry 19 (3): 639–663. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1996 “Taking Turns and Taking Sides: Opening Scenes from Two Jury Deliberations.” Social Psychology Quarterly 59 (2): 107–125. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, Jonathan
2009 “Anatomy of a Jury Trial.” eJournalUSA, US Department of State, 14 (7).Google Scholar
Martin, James R.
2000 “Beyond Exchange: Appraisal Systems in English.” In Evaluation in Text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse, ed. by Susan Hunston, and Geoffrey Thompson, 142–176. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Martin, James R., and David Rose
2003 Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Martin, James R., and Peter R.R. White
2005 The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Matoesian, Gregory M.
1993 Reproducing Rape: Domination through Talk in the Courtroom. Oxford and Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
2001. Law and Language of Identity: Discourse in the William Kennedy Smith Rape Trial. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Maynard, Douglas W., and John F. Manzo
1993 “On the Sociology of Justice: Theoretical Notes from an Actual Jury Deliberation.” Sociological Theory 11 (2): 171–193. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, Andrea
2008 Language and Power: An Introduction to Institutional Discourse. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Mellinkoff, David
1963 The Language of the Law. Boston: Little Brown.Google Scholar
Meyer, Anneke
2010 “Evil Monsters and Cunning Perverts: Representing and Regulating the Dangerous Paedophile.” In Popular Culture, Crime, and Social Control, ed. by Mathieu Deflem, 195–219. Bingley, UK: Emerald. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Minsky, Marvin
1975 “A Framework for Representing Knowledge.” In The Psychology of Computer Vision, ed. by Patrick H. Winston, 211–278. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Mooney, Annabelle
2007 “When Rape is (not quite) Rape.” In The Language of Sexual Crime, ed. by Janet Cotterill, 198–216. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Montgomery, Martin
1986 An Introduction to Language and Society. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Morison, John, and Philip Leith
1992 The Barrister’s World and the Nature of Law. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, Steven
2003 “Papers Could Face Prosecution over Reporting of Case.” Guardian 18th December 2003: 6.Google Scholar
Nerholt, Patrick
(ed) 1990 Law Interpretation and Reality: Essays in Epistemology, Hermeneutics and Jurisprudence. Dordrecht: Kluwer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Halloran, Kieran
2003 Critical Discourse Analysis and Language Cognition. Edinburgh: 
Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Offences Against the Person Act
. Chapter 100 06th August 1861 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 31/05/2011.
Official Secrets Act
. Chapter 6 11th May 1989 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 31/01/2011.
Olsen-Fulero, Lynda
1997 “Common Sense Rape Judgements: An Empathy-Complexity Theory of Rape Juror Story Making.” Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 3 (3): 402–427. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales
2013 Joint Report for the Ministry of Justice, the Office of National Statistics, and the Home Office. www​.rapecrisis​.org​.uk. Accessed 31/10/2015.
Pascual, Esther
2006 “Questions in legal monologues: fictive interaction as argumentative strategy in a murder trial.” Text and Talk 26 (3): 383–402. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Petrocelli, Daniel M.
1998 Triumph of Justice: The Final Judgement on the Simpson Saga. New York: Crown Publishers.Google Scholar
Pickel, Kerri
1995 “Inducing jurors to disregard inadmissible evidence: A legal explanation does not help.” Law and Human Behavior 19: 407–424. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Policing and Crime Act
. Chapter 26 12th November 2009 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 20/01/2012.
Ponterotto, Diane
2007 “The Repertoire of Complicity vs. Coercion: the Discursive Trap of the Rape Trial Protocol.” In The Language of Sexual Crime, ed. by Janet Cotterill, 104–126. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, John E.
2007 Analyzing Newspapers: An Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Road Traffic Act
. Chapter 20 30th March 1972 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 09/09/2011.
Rosch, Eleanor
1973 “Natural Categories.” Cognitive Psychology 4: 328–350. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1975 “Cognitive Reference Points.” Cognitive Psychology 7: 532–547. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1978 “Principles of Categorisation.” In Cognition and Categorisation, ed. by Eleanor Rosch and Barbara Bloom Lloyd. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Russell, Willie
1980 Educating Rita. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Schank, Roger C., and Robert P. Abelson
1977 Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding. 
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schank, Roger C.
1982 Dynamic Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, John
2001 Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Secret Diaries of a Call Girl (2007–2010). Lucy Prebble and Simeon Goulden
Independent Television (ITV).
Severance, Laurence, Greene, Edith, and Elizabeth Loftus
1984 “Toward criminal jury instructions that jurors can understand.” The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 75: 198–233. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sexual Offences Act
. Chapter 42 20th November 2003 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 20/01/2012.
Simson, Gary
1976 “Jury nullification in the American system: A sceptical view.” Texas Law Review: 488–506.Google Scholar
Simpson, Paul
1993 Language, Ideology and Point of View. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2004 Stylistics: A resource book for students. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
2014 Stylistics: A resource book for students. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Simpson, Paul, and Andrea Mayr
2010 Language and Power. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, Vicki. L.
1991 “Prototypes in the Courtroom: Lay Representations of Legal Concepts.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 (6): 857–872. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Vicki L.
1993 “When prior knowledge and law collide: helping jurors use the law.” Law and Human Behavior 17 (5): 507–536. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Vicki L. and Christina A. Studebaker
1996 “What Do You Expect? The Influence of People’s Prior Knowledge of Crime Categories on Fact-Finding.” Law and Human Behavior 20 (5): 517–532. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Solan, Lawrence M.
1993 The Language of Judges. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Solan, Lawrence M. and Peter M. Tiersma
2005 Speaking of Crime: The language of criminal justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Spender, Dale
1980 Man Made Language. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Stygall, Gail
1994 Trial Language: Discourse processing and discursive formation. Amsterdam: Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Talbot, Mary, Atkinson, Karen, and David Atkinson
2003 Language and Power in the Modern World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Tannen, Deborah
1990 You Just Don’t Understand: Men and Women in Conversation. New York: Morrow.Google Scholar
Taslitz, Andrew
1999 Rape and the Culture of the Courtroom. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Telecommunications Act (USA)
. USC104–110 20th February 1996 www​.fcc​.gov​/telecom​.html. Accessed 20/02/2011.
Temkin, Jennifer
2000 “Prosecuting and Defending Rape: Perspectives from the Bar.” Journal of Law and Society 27 (2): 219–248. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Teo, Peter
2000 “Racism in the News: A critical discourse analysis of news reporting in two Australian newspapers.” Discourse and Society 11: 7–49. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Theft Act
. Chapter 60 26th July 1968 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 27/06/2012.
Thompson, Geoffrey, and Jianglin Zhou
2000 “Evaluation and Organization in Text: The Structuring Role of Evaluative Disjuncts.” In Evaluation in Text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse, ed. by Susan Hunston, and Geoffrey Thompson, 121–142. 
Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tiersma, Peter M.
1999 Legal Language. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
2001 “The rocky road to legal reform: improving the language of jury instructions.” Brooklyn Law Review 66 (4): 1081–118.Google Scholar
2007 “The Language of Consent in Rape Law.” In The Language of Sexual Crime, ed. by Janet Cotterill, 83–104. London: Palgrave. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2008 “The nature of legal language.” In Dimensions of Forensic Linguistics, ed. by John Gibbons, and M.Teresa Turell, 7–25. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Toolan, Michael
1996 Total Speech: An Integrational Approach to Language. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Trew, Tony
1979 “Theory and Ideology at Work.” In Language and Control, ed. by Roger Fowler, Bob Hodge, Gunther Kress, and Tony Trew, 94–117. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
. Resolution 217 A (III), General Assembly of the United Nations 10th December 1948 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Assessed 25/06/2011.
Van Dijk, Teun A.
(ed) 1985 Discourse and Communication: New Approaches to the Analysis of Mass Media Discourse. New York: Walter de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1985 “Structures of News in the Pres.” In Discourse and Communication: New Approaches to the Analysis of Mass Media Discourse, ed. by Teun A. van Dijk, 69–94. New York: Walter de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1993 Discourse and Elite Racism. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1996 “Discourse Power and Access.” In Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, ed. by Carmin Caldas-Coulthard and Malcolm Coulthard, 84–104. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
1998 Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Van Leeuwen, Theo
2008 Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, Anne
2002a “The (Ab)Use of Language in Legal Discourse.” International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 15: 323–324. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2002b “The Legal Discourse of the Common Law: A Game of Chess.” International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 15: 345–360. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Waites, Richard
2003 Courtroom Psychology and Trial Advocacy. New York: ALM.Google Scholar
Walby, Sylvia, and Jonathan Allen
2004 Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey. London: Home Office Research, Development, and Statistics Directorate. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Weber, Max
1914 “The Economy and the Arena of Normative and De facto Powers.” In Economy and Society, ed. by Guenther Roth, and Claus Wittich. New York: Bedminster Press.Google Scholar
West, Candace and Don H. Zimmerman
1983 “Small insults: A study of interruptions in cross-sex conversations between unacquainted persons.” In Language, Gender and Society, ed. by Barrie Thorne, Cheris Kramarae, and Nancy Henley, 102–117. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
White, Peter R.R.
1998 Telling Media Tales: The News Story as Rhetoric. PhD Thesis. Sydney: University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Widdowson, Henry
1998 “The theory and practice of critical discourse analysis.” Applied Linguistics 19 (1): 136–151. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2004 Text, Context, Pretext. Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wierzbicka, Anna
2003 ‘“Reasonable man” and “reasonable doubt”: the English Language, Anglo culture and Anglo-American law.” Forensic Linguistics 10 (1): 1–22.Google Scholar
Wodak, Ruth
2006 “Boundaries in Critical Discourse Analysis.” Language in Society 35 (4): 595–611. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2007 “Pragmatics and Critical Discourse Analysis: A cross-disciplinary inquiry.” Pragmatics and Cognition 15 (1): 203–225. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act
. Chapter 23 27th July 1999 www​.legislation​.gov​.uk. Accessed 15/03/2013.
Subjects

Communication Studies

Communication Studies

Linguistics

Pragmatics
Forensic & legal linguistics
Discourse studies
BIC Subject: CFG – Semantics, Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis
BISAC Subject: LAN009030 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Pragmatics
U.S. Library of Congress Control Number:  2016015169 | Marc record