Chapter published in:
The Language of Crisis: Metaphors, frames and discourses
Edited by Mimi Huang and Lise-Lotte Holmgreen
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 87] 2020
► pp. 23–50

Crisis Marketing through conceptual ontology in metaphor in financial reporting

“Decision”, “change” … and Right to Information?

This chapter explores basic ethical questions and implications of using metaphor in financial news reporting during crisis scenarios, and the relationship between these uses and common ideals and industry standards for journalism excellence. This research defends that Right to Information (RTI) provides a practical approach for discussing metaphor’s congruence with such ideals towards a more transparent and reliable financial journalism in times of market uncertainty. This work also argues that an RTI informed perspective on metaphor analysis enriches the central assumptions and commitments of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) involving power dynamics and justice in society through discourse: RTI informed uses of metaphor in crisis reporting is an offshoot of the central human right to information.
Keywords: crisis discourse, metaphor, Critical Discourse Analysis, framing, stock market, financial news reporting, ideology, Right to Information, journalism
Published online: 16 July 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.87.01oma
References

References

Aquinas, Thomas
1964 Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by C. I. Litzinger, O.P. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.Google Scholar
2007 Summa Theologica, Volume 4 (Part III, First Section). United States: Cosimo Classics.Google Scholar
Barcelona, Antonio
2011 “Reviewing the Properties and Prototype Structure of Metonymy.” In Defining Metonymy in Cognitive Linguistics, ed. by Réka Benczes, Antonio Barcelona, and Francisco J. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, 7–58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Boers, Frank
1997a “Health, Fitness and Mobility in Free-Market Ideology.” In Voices of Power, ed. by Marc Maufort, and Jean-Piere van Noppen, 89–96. Lièges: Belgian Association of Anglicists in Higher Education.Google Scholar
1999 “When a Bodily Source Domain Becomes Prominent: The Joy of Counting Metaphors in the Socio-Economic Domain.” In Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics, ed. by Raymond W. Gibbs, and Gerard J. Steen, 47–56. Amsterdam: Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
“
Northern Rock’s Bank of England Bailout ‘Should Have Been Secret,’” British Broadcasting Corporation, September 11 2017, https://​www​.bbc​.com​/news​/uk​-england​-tyne​-41172945. Accessed September 19, 2019.
British Broadcasting Corporation
2011, 2019 Editorial Guidelines. http://​www​.bbc​.co​.uk​/editorialguidelines​/guidelines​/accuracy​/principles
Centre for Good Governance (CGG)
2006 The Right to Information Act, 2005 A Guide for Media. Hyderabad, India.Google Scholar
Croft, William
1993 “The Role of Domains in the Interpretation of Metaphors and Metonymies.” Cognitive Linguistics 4(4): 335–70. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cyceon.com
Faber, Soros Forecast High Winds for Financial Titanic.” http://​cyceon​.com​/2016​/06​/30​/faber​-soros​-forecast​-high​-winds​-for​-financial​-titanic/. Accessed July 17, 2016.
Desantes-Guanter, José M.
2003 “Veracidad, verdad y objetividad.” In Veracidad y objetividad: Desafios éticos en la sociedad de la información, ed. by Loreto Corredoira y Alfonso, Marisa Aguirre, Antonio Vallés Copeiro del Villar, José Mª Lecaro, Carlos Soria, and José Desantes-Guanter, 93–104. Valencia: Fundación Coso.Google Scholar
1988 “El deber profesional de informar” Lección magistral leída en la apertura del curso 1988–89. Valencia: Fundación Universitaria San Pablo CEU.Google Scholar
2004 Derecho a la información: Materiales para un sistema de la comunicación. Valencia: Fundación Coso.Google Scholar
De Vreese, Claes H.
2005 “News Framing: Theory and Typology.” Information and Design Journal 13(1): 51–62. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Deignan, Alice
2005 Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dirven, René
1993 “Metonymy and Metaphor: Different Mental Strategies of Conceptualization.” Leuvense Bijdragen 8(2): 1–25.Google Scholar
2002 “Metonymy and Metaphor: Different Mental Strategies of Conceptualization.” In Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast, ed. by René Dirven, and Ralf Pörings, 75–112. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dokeniya, Anupama
2012 Implementing Right to Information. Lessons from Experience. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.Google Scholar
“
Dow Jones Code of Conduct” 2016 https://​www​.dowjones​.com​/code​-conduct/.
Eubanks, Philip
2000 A War of Words in the Discourse of Trade: The Rhetorical Constitution of Metaphor. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Erase, Geary
2011 I is an Other: The Secret Life of Metaphor and How It Shapes the Way We See the World. New York, NY: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Genette, Gerard
1980 Narrative Discourse. New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Goatly, Andrew
2007 Washing the Brain: Metaphor and Hidden Ideology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Iyengar, Shanto, Mark Peters, and Donald Kinder
1982 “Experimental Demonstrations of the “Not-So-Minimal” Consequences of Television News Programs”. The American Political Science Review 76(4): 848–858.Google Scholar
Jenkins, Rob, and Anne Marie Goetz
1999 “Accounts and Accountability: Theoretical Implications of the Right-to-Information Movement in India.” Third World Quarterly 20(3): 603–622. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Mark
1987 The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, Philip F.
2001 “Metaphors of Meltdown: Political Representations of Economic Space in the Asian Financial Crisis.” Environment and Planning: Society and Space 19: 719–742.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson
1980 Metaphors We Live By. first ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George
1993 “The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor.” In Metaphor and Thought, ed. by Andrew Ortony, 202–251. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, G.
2004 Don’t Think of an Elephant: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson
1999 Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Levin, S. R.
1977 The Semantics of Metaphor. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, P.
1999 “Metaphor and Critical Realism.” In Critical Realism in Economics: Development and Debate, ed. by S. Fleetwood, 83–101. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Liff, Roy, and Gunnar Wahlström
2018 “Failed Crisis Communication: The Northern Rock Bank Case” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31: 237–260. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Angel
2014 “Critical Discourse Analysis in Applied Linguistics: A Methodological Review.” Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 34: 213–232. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Marconi, Joe
1992 Crisis Marketing: When Bad Things Happen to Good Companies. Chicago: Probus/American Marketing Association.Google Scholar
Martin, B.
2013, May 15. “Blue-Chips Flirt with 6,700.” The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://​www​.telegraph​.co​.uk/
Mendel, Toby
2003 “Freedom of Information: An Internationally Protected Human Right.” Comparative Media Law Journal 1, retrieved July 16 2012.Google Scholar
O’Mara Shimek, Michael, Manuel Guillén Parra, and Ana Ortega Larrea
2015 “Stop the Bleeding or Weather the Storm? Ideological Positioning and the Use of Metaphor in Online Financial Reporting of the Stock Market Crash of 2008 at the New York Stock Exchange.” Discourse and Communication 9(2).Google Scholar
O’Mara-Shimek, M.
2016 “When bears feast and bulls run free: Bridging the gap between metaphor theory and core ideals in journalism practice in financial news reporting” Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies 5(2): 245-275.Google Scholar
Reisigl, Michael, and Ruth Wodak
2009 “The Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA).” In Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, ed. by Ruth Wodak, and Michael Meyer, 87–121. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Schön, D.A.
1993 “Generative metaphor: A perspective on problem-setting in social policy.” In Metaphor and Thought, ed. by Ortony, A., 137-163. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
UN General Assembly 59/103
1946 Calling of an International Conference on Freedom of Information. https://​documents​-dds​-ny​.un​.org​/doc​/RESOLUTION​/GEN​/NR0​/033​/10​/IMG​/NR003310​.pdf​?OpenElement
UN General Assembly
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 10 December 1948, 217 A (III), available at: http://​www​.refworld​.org​/docid​/3ae6b3712c​.html [accessed 30 December 2016]
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, 999: 171, available at: http://​www​.refworld​.org​/docid​/3ae6b3aa0​.html [accessed 30 December 2016]
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
1978 Declaration on Fundamental Principles Concerning the Contribution of the Mass Media to Strengthening the Peace and International Understanding, to the Promotion of Human Rights and to Countering Racialism, Apartheid and Incitement to War. Paris: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization.Google Scholar
UN General Assembly
United Nations Convention Against Corruption 31 October 2003, A/58/422, available at: http://​www​.refworld​.org​/docid​/4374b9524​.html [accessed 30 December 2016]
van Dijk, Teun A.
2009 “Critical Discourse Studies: A Sociocognitive Approach.” In Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, ed. by Ruth Wodak, and Michael Meyer, 62–86. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Zhong, Isabelle
2016 “10 Asian Stocks Offering Shelter from Brexit Storm.” Barron’s. July 7 2016 http://​www​.barrons​.com​/articles​/10​-asian​-stocks​-offering​-shelter​-from​-brexit​-storm​-1467881764. Accessed July 18, 2016.