SUMMARY
In this paper the authors systematically compare the phonemes and main morphological features of the Amazonian language Mawe with those of the Tupi-Guaranian languages as a contribution to understanding the disputed position of Mawe in the Tupi linguistic stock - as a member of the Tupi-Guarani family or as another branch of the stock. The phonological comparison is made with the reconstructed phonemes of Proto-Tupi-Guarani and the correspondences found are presented in reference to the reconstructed Proto-Tupi phonemes. Since Mawe has been exposed during the last 300 years to contact with a Tupi-Guaranian language, Amazonian Lingua Geral, sure or probable loans of this language in Mawe are taken into account and not included in the search for cognate lexical items. 190 cognate pairs are established, most of them belonging to 'non-cultural' semantic domains. Several particular phonological issues are discussed as well as some cases of lexical differentiation, and in both cases other members of the Tupi stock are taken into consideration. An overview of the Proto-Tupi-Guarani verb morphology is presented as an introduction to a somewhat detailed comparison of Mawe and Tupi-Guaranian morphology. The conclusion points to the probability of Mawe having split from a Mawe/ Aweti/Tupi-Guarani branch of the Tupi stock before the dispersion of the Tupi-Guarani family as such.
RÉSUMÉ
Dans cet article les auteurs comparent les phonemes et les principaux traits morphologiques de la langue amazonienne mawe avec ceux des langues tupi-guaranies comme une contribution a la comprehension de la position du mawe dans le tronc linguistique tupi, soit comme un membre de la famille tupi-guarani, soit comme une autre branche du tronc. On compare les phonemes du mawe avec ceux du proto-tupi-guarani et on presente les correspondances trouvees a partir des phonemes reconstruits pour le proto-tupi. Puisque le mawe a ete expose pendant les trois derniers siecles au contact avec une langue tupi-guaranie, la 'lingua geral' amazonienne, les emprunts surs ou probables de cette langue sont consideres et exclus de la comparaison avec le proto-tupi-guarani. On a trouve 190 paires de correspondances lexicales, lesquelles appartiennent sourtout a des domaines semantiques 'non-culturels'. On discute plusieurs problemes phonologiques particuliers aussi bien que quelques cas de differentiation lexicale en prenant en consideration aussi d'autres membres du tronc tupi. Une synopse de la morphologie verbale proto-tupi-guaranie est presentee pour introduire la comparaison de la morphologie mawe, celle-ci faite avec assez de detail. En concluant on signale qu'il est probable que le mawe soit issu d'une branche mawe/aweti/tupi-guarani du tronc tupi avant la dispersion de la famille tupi-guaranie propre-ment dite.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
In vorliegendem Aufsatz vergleichen die Verfasser die Phoneme und die hauptsachlichen morphologischen Erscheinungen der amazonischen Sprache Mawe mit denjenigen der tupi-guaranitischen Sprachen mit der Absicht, zum Verstandnis der Stellung des Mawe innerhalb des Tupi-Sprachstammes, sei es als Mitglied der Tupi-Guarani-Familie, sei es als ein weiterer Zweig des Stammes, beizutragen. Die Phoneme des Mawe werden mit denjenigen des Proto-Tupi-Guarani verglichen und die gefundenen Entsprechungen in Bezug zu den rekonstruierten Phonemen des Proto-Tupi gesetzt. Da das Mawe wahrend der letzten dreihundert Jahre in Beruhrung mit einer Tupi-Guaraní-Sprache, der amazonischen Lingua Geral, gewesen ist, werden sowohl die sicheren als auch die vermutlichen Lehnworter aus dieser Sprache heraus-gefiltert und nicht fur die Vergleichung mit dem Proto-Tupi herangezogen. 190 lexikalische Entsprechungen, meistens aus 'nicht-kulturellen' Bedeutungs-bereichen, werden aufgefuhrt. Mehrere besondere phonologische Fragen und manche Falle lexikalischer Differenzierung werden besprochen, wobei andere Zweige des Tupi-Sprachstammes beriicksichtigt werden. Eine Ubersicht iiber die verbale Morphologie des Proto-Tupi-Guarani gilt als Einleitung zur Vergleichung der Morphologie des Mawe, die recht detailliert ausgefuhrt wird. Zum Schluß wird vorgeschlagen, daB das Mawe sich noch vor der Aus-gliederung der Tupi-Guarani-Sprachfamilie von einem zeitlich friiher anzuneh-menden Mawe/Aweti/Tupi-Guarani-Zweig des Tupi-Stammes getrennt hat.
2023. Proto-Tupi-Guarani had no palatalized velar stop. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 18:1
Ferraz Gerardi, Fabrício, Tiago Tresoldi, Carolina Coelho Aragon, Stanislav Reichert, Jonas Gregorio de Souza, Francisco Silva Noelli & Søren Wichmann
2023. Lexical phylogenetics of the Tupí-Guaraní family: Language, archaeology, and the problem of chronology. PLOS ONE 18:6 ► pp. e0272226 ff.
Rodrigues, Cilene & Andrés Saab
2023. South-American Languages in a Formal Perspective. In Formal Approaches to Languages of South America, ► pp. 1 ff.
Carvalho, Fernando Orphão de & Joshua Birchall
2022. A comparative reconstruction of Proto-Tupi-Guarani kinship terminology. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas 22 ► pp. e022001 ff.
Chacon, Thiago Costa
2022. Migration and Trade as Drivers of Language Spread and Contact in Indigenous Latin America. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 261 ff.
de Carvalho, Fernando O.
2022. A new sound change for Guarani(an): glottal prothesis, internal classification, and the explanation of synchronic irregularities. Folia Linguistica 56:s43-s1 ► pp. 263 ff.
Nikulin, Andrey & Fernando Carvalho
2022. A revised reconstruction of the Proto-Tupian vowel system. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 17:2
Birchall, Joshua, Luis Henrique Oliveira & Fiona M. Jordan
2019. Nota sobre o sistema de parentesco em Proto-Tupí-Guaraní. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 14:1 ► pp. 79 ff.
O’Hagan, Zachary, Natalia Chousou-Polydouri & Lev Michael
2019. Phylogenetic classification supports a Northeastern Amazonian Proto-Tupí-Guaraní Homeland. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas 19 ► pp. e019018 ff.
Birchall, Joshua
2015. A comparison of verbal person marking across Tupian languages. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 10:2 ► pp. 325 ff.
Danielsen, Swintha & Noé Gasparini
2015. News on the Jorá (Tupí-Guaraní): sociolinguistics, description, and classification. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 10:2 ► pp. 441 ff.
Galucio, Ana Vilacy, Sérgio Meira, Joshua Birchall, Denny Moore, Nilson Gabas Júnior, Sebastian Drude, Luciana Storto, Gessiane Picanço & Carmen Reis Rodrigues
2015. Genealogical relations and lexical distances within the Tupian linguistic family. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 10:2 ► pp. 229 ff.
Gijn, Rik van, Ana Vilacy Galucio & Antonia Fernanda Nogueira
2015. Subordination strategies in Tupian languages. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 10:2 ► pp. 297 ff.
Meira, Sérgio & Sebastian Drude
2015. A summary reconstruction of proto-maweti-guarani segmental phonology. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 10:2 ► pp. 275 ff.
Michael, Lev, Natalia Chousou-Polydouri, Keith Bartolomei, Erin Donnelly, Sérgio Meira, Vivian Wauters & Zachary O'Hagan
2015. A Bayesian Phylogenetic Classification of Tupí-Guaraní. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas 15:2 ► pp. 193 ff.
CABRAL, Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara, Andérbio Márcio Silva MARTINS, Beatriz Carretta Corrêa da SILVA & Sanderson Castro Soares de OLIVEIRA
2014. A linguística histórica das línguas indígenas do Brasil, por Aryon Dall’igna Rodrigues: perspectivas, modelos teóricos e achados. DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 30:spe ► pp. 513 ff.
SOARES, Marília Facó & Fernando Orphão de CARVALHO
2014. As hipóteses de Aryon Rodrigues: validade, valor e papel no cenário dos estudos de línguas indígenas e de linguística histórica. DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 30:spe ► pp. 543 ff.
Walker, Robert S., Søren Wichmann, Thomas Mailund, Curtis J. Atkisson & Martin Krkosek
2012. Cultural Phylogenetics of the Tupi Language Family in Lowland South America. PLoS ONE 7:4 ► pp. e35025 ff.
Epps, Patience
2009. Language Classification, Language Contact, and Amazonian Prehistory. Language and Linguistics Compass 3:2 ► pp. 581 ff.
Hemmauer, Roland
2007. On the Tupi-Guaranian prehistory of the siriono verb. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 2:2 ► pp. 73 ff.
Gabas, N.
2006. Tupian Languages. In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, ► pp. 146 ff.
Loretta O'Connor & Pieter Muysken
1920. The Native Languages of South America,
[no author supplied]
2022. Linguistic Areas. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 187 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.