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Diachronica: Online-First Articles

An approach to path movement in the diachronic study of sign languages

Biomechanics and nonarbitrariness

ORCID logo | Swarthmore College
ORCID logo | University of Toronto

Sign languages seem not to be amenable to traditional historical reconstruction via the comparative method, making it difficult to replicate the successes achieved in the diachronic study of spoken languages. We propose to alleviate this difficulty with an alternative approach that draws upon nonarbitrariness and biomechanics, especially the drive for reducing articulatory effort. We offer a demonstration of this approach, which can add confirmation to known relationships between sign languages and new evidence in support of suspected relationships, helping to fill in a methodological gap in the diachronic study of sign languages.

Keywords: sign languages, historical change, articulatory effort, nonarbitrariness
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Issues that complicate the historical study of sign languages
    • 2.1Transmission of language
    • 2.2Extent of borrowing
    • 2.3Rate of change
    • 2.4Nonarbitrariness
    • 2.5Availability of data
    • 2.6Dearth of regular phonological change
  • 3.Movement in sign languages
    • 3.1Movement
    • 3.2Motivated possible historical changes to the movement parameter
    • 3.3Utility
  • 4.Examples of this dual approach to analyzing the movement parameter
    • 4.1Data set
    • 4.2Nonarbitrariness
    • 4.3Biomechanics
      • 4.3.1Iteration loss
      • 4.3.2Weak drop
      • 4.3.3Weak Freeze
      • 4.3.4Joint freeze
      • 4.3.5Joint Graft (as part of distalization)
      • 4.3.6Torque reduction
      • 4.3.7Lowering
      • 4.3.8Location Undershoot
      • 4.3.9Midsagittal symmetry
  • 5.Discussion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 11 June 2024
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.23033.nap
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