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Article published In:
Diachronica
Vol. 34:2 (2017) ► pp.175–218

Where do antipassive constructions come from?

A study in diachronic typology

 | Università dell’Insubria
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the main sources of antipassive constructions based on a 120-language sample. The sample includes the 48 languages with an antipassive in the WALS (Polinsky 2013) + 72 further languages in which an antipassive or a functionally equivalent construction is attested (e.g., deobjective constructions, unspecified object constructions, etc.). The diachronic sources of antipassives are identified drawing on two kinds of evidence: (i) etymological reconstructions based on the comparative method; (ii) synchronic resemblance between (some features of) the source construction and (some features of) the target construction. Four main diachronic sources are recurrent in the sample: (i) agent nominalizations; (ii) generic/indefinite items filling the object position (e.g., “person” for animate objects, “(some)thing” for inanimate objects); (iii) action nominalizations, sometimes accompanied by a light verb like “do”; and (iv) morphemes encoding reflexive/reciprocal actions. For each of these sources, a diachronic scenario is proposed through which the antipassive construction might have come into existence. The article also explores the hypothesis that at least some of the functional and structural differences among antipassive constructions across languages may be explained by taking into account the diachronic sources of these constructions.
Keywords: antipassive, voice, diachronic typology, nominalization, reflexive, reciprocal
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction: Definitions, sample, methodology
  • 2.The sources of APs
    • 2.1APs from agent nominalizations
    • 2.2APs from generic/indefinite elements in object position
      • 2.2.1Two problematic cases
    • 2.3APs from action/result nominalizations (± light verb “do”)
    • 2.4APs from reflexive/reciprocal constructions
    • 2.5Dubious cases
    • 2.6Other types
    • 2.7Frequency
  • 3.Diachronic scenarios, persistence and explanation
  • 4.Concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
Published online: 20 July 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.34.2.02san
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