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Article published In:
Diachronica
Vol. 34:3 (2017) ► pp.331–367

Phonetically conditioned sound change

Contact induced /u/-fronting in Zuberoan Basque

| Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich

All modern Basque dialects have at least 5 contrastive vowels /i, e, a, o, u/. One Basque dialect, Zuberoan, has developed a contrastive sixth vowel, the front rounded high vowel /y/. This development is arguably due to sustained contact with neighboring Gallo-Romance languages. This paper supports empirically the historical development of the /u/ vs. /y/ contrast and provides a detailed analysis of the contexts that inhibited the /u/ > /y/ sound change. Fronting was inhibited when the vowel was followed by an apical sibilant, a tap /ɾ/ or an rT cluster (where r is a rhotic, and T an alveolar obstruent), arguably due to coarticulatory effects. Fronting occurred when /s̻/, /r/ or non-coronal rhotic-obstruent clusters followed /u/. Zuberoan /u/-fronting illustrates the importance of language contact and phonetics in the phonological analysis of historical developments.

Keywords: u-fronting, sound change, coarticulatory effects, language contact, Basque, Zuberoan
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Describing the u > y change
    • 2.1Previous descriptions of the sound change
    • 2.2A revised description based on the oldest Zuberoan texts
  • 3.Explaining the u > y sound change
    • 3.1Previous approaches to Basque /u/-fronting
    • 3.2The role of contact
    • 3.3The phonetic basis of inhibited fronting
  • 4.A revised Zuberoan chronology based on /u/-fronting in neighboring Romance languages
  • 5.Conclusions
  • Notes
  • List of abbreviations
  • References
Published online: 19 October 2017
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.34.3.02egu
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