This paper investigates the different readings and meanings of never in the speech of London
adults and teenagers, with particular attention to cases in which this negative is equivalent to a sentential negator in the past.
The analysis of a sample of over 2,000 tokens extracted from three main corpora serves to provide not only a qualitative
perspective on this issue but also a quantitative one that presents new empirical evidence. The universal negative
quantificational use of never is seen to be the most frequent while punctual never comes second.
The data analysed also indicate that in the last few years there has been an increase in such uses of this negative compared to
the early 1990s. However, no notable differences are attested in this respect when contrasting adult and teen speech.
BNC: British National Corpus. 1991–4. BNC Consortium (Oxford University Press, Pearson Education, Larousse Kingfisher Chambers, Oxford University Computing Services, University Centre for Corpus Research on Language, British Library’s Research and Innovation Centre). <[URL]>
COLT: The Bergen Corpus of London Teenage Language. 1993. Department of English. University of Bergen. Anna-Brita Stenström, Gisle Andersen and Ingrid Kristine Hasund. <[URL]>
Kortmann, Bernd & Kerstin Lunkenheimer (eds). 2013. The Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English [eWAVE]. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. <[URL]> (Last accessed on 16 June 2018).
LIC: Linguistic Innovators Corpus: The Language of Adolescents in London. 2004. Jenny Cheshire, Paul Kerswill, Sue Fox and Eivind Torgersen.
MLEC: Multicultural London English Corpus. 2010. Jenny Cheshire, Paul Kerswill, Sue Fox and Eivind Torgersen.
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van der Auwera, Johan
2022. Nominal and pronominal negative concord, through the lens of Belizean and Jamaican Creole. Linguistics 60:2 ► pp. 505 ff.
Palacios Martínez, Ignacio Miguel
2021. Recent changes in London English. An overview of the main lexical, grammar and discourse features of Multicultural London English (MLE). Complutense Journal of English Studies 29 ► pp. 1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.