The Origins of New Zealand Speech
The Limits of Recovering Historical Information from Written Records
New Zealand English has evolved in the past 150 years, at a time when it is possible to find both written and spoken evidence of its development. This paper takes evidence gained from an analysis of written comments on early New Zealand English and compares this with data taken from an
analysis of spoken New Zealand English obtained from recordings collected in the 1940s of old New Zealanders born in the 1850s-1890s — the period when the New Zealand accent was developing. By putting the written data beside the spoken data it is now possible to assess the accuracy of written records as a basis for the reconstruction of the earliest form of New Zealand English.
Cited by
Cited by 16 other publications
Bauer, Laurie
2008.
Inferring Variation and Change from Public Corpora. In
The Handbook of Language Variation and Change,
► pp. 97 ff.

Britain, David
2008.
When is a change not a change? A case study on the dialect origins of New Zealand English.
Language Variation and Change 20:2
► pp. 187 ff.

Gordon, Elizabeth
2012.
Standard New Zealand English. In
Standards of English,
► pp. 318 ff.

Gordon, Elizabeth, Lyle Campbell, Jennifer Hay, Margaret Maclagan, Andrea Sudbury & Peter Trudgill
2004.
New Zealand English,

Gordon, Elizabeth & Margaret Maclagan
2001.
'Capturing a Sound Change': A Real Time Study Over 15 Years of the NEAR/SQUARE Diphthong Merger in New Zealand English.
Australian Journal of Linguistics 21:2
► pp. 215 ff.

Hickey, Raymond
2003.
How do dialects get the features they have? On the process of new dialect formation. In
Motives for Language Change,
► pp. 213 ff.

Maclagan, Margaret A. & Elizabeth Gordon
2000.
The NEAR/SQUARE merger in New Zealand English.
Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing 5:3
► pp. 201 ff.

Stephen J. Nagle & Sara L. Sanders
2003.
English in the Southern United States,

Schneider, Edgar W.
2008.
Investigating Variation and Change in Written Documents. In
The Handbook of Language Variation and Change,
► pp. 67 ff.

2013.
Investigating Historical Variation and Change in Written Documents. In
The Handbook of Language Variation and Change,
► pp. 57 ff.

Schreier, Daniel
2012.
Varieties resistant to standardisation. In
Standards of English,
► pp. 354 ff.

2021.
English Varieties Outside of North America. In
Introducing Linguistics,
► pp. 593 ff.

Trudgill, Peter, Margaret MaClagan & Gillian Lewis
2003.
Linguistic Archaeology.
Journal of English Linguistics 31:2
► pp. 103 ff.

Watson, Catherine I., Margaret A. Maclagan, Jeanette King, Ray Harlow & Peter J. Keegan
2016.
Sound change in Māori and the influence of New Zealand English.
Journal of the International Phonetic Association 46:2
► pp. 185 ff.

Woods, Nicola J.
2001.
Internal and external dimensions of language change: the great divide? Evidence from New Zealand English.
Linguistics 39:5

[no author supplied]
2013.
Reference Guide for Varieties of English. In
A Dictionary of Varieties of English,
► pp. 363 ff.

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 17 march 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.