The presence of words of Maori origin in contemporary New Zealand English is regularly commented upon both by linguists and in the popular press. Such commentary is, however, generally based on intuition and observation rather than empirical analysis. This paper begins with a review of published comment from the late nineteenth century to the present on the Maori presence in the New Zealand English lexicon, and then introduces a corpus-based study of that presence from 1850 to 2000. The corpus produced was the largest yet assembled for the study of New Zealand English. Findings confirmed diachronic changes in the number of Maori word tokens and types used, in the nature of Maori words used, and claims that Maori loanwords have entered New Zealand English in two distinct waves. Reasons for these changes include demographic shifts, revitalisation of the Maori language, political and social changes, and changes in attitudes among English-speakers.
2024. General extenders in New Zealand Englishes. World Englishes
Daly, Nicola & Julie Barbour
2023. Using dual language picturebooks to teach language contact phenomena in a tertiary context. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 26:7 ► pp. 876 ff.
Oh, Yoon Mi, Simon Todd, Clay Beckner, Jen Hay, Jeanette King & Michael C. W. Yip
2023. Assessing the size of non-Māori-speakers’ active Māori lexicon. PLOS ONE 18:8 ► pp. e0289669 ff.
Calude, Andreea, Louise Stevenson, Hēmi Whaanga & Te Taka Keegan
2020. The use of Māori words in National Science Challenge online discourse. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 50:4 ► pp. 491 ff.
Calude, Andreea Simona, Steven Miller & Mark Pagel
2020. Modelling loanword success – a sociolinguistic quantitative study of Māori loanwords in New Zealand English. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 16:1 ► pp. 29 ff.
Fuchs, Robert
2020. The progressive in 19th and 20th century settler and indigenous Indian English. World Englishes 39:3 ► pp. 394 ff.
Kotze, Haidee & Bertus van Rooy
2020. Democratisation in the South African parliamentary Hansard? A study of change in modal auxiliaries. Language Sciences 79 ► pp. 101264 ff.
Sarah Ogilvie
2020. The Cambridge Companion to English Dictionaries,
Oh, Y., S. Todd, C. Beckner, J. Hay, J. King & J. Needle
2020. Non-Māori-speaking New Zealanders have a Māori proto-lexicon. Scientific Reports 10:1
Tent, Jan & Paul Geraghty
2020. Miegunyah: From bark huts to grand houses and a Fiji cane farm. Australian Journal of Linguistics 40:4 ► pp. 428 ff.
Trye, David, Andreea S. Calude, Felipe Bravo-Marquez & Te Taka Keegan
2020. Hybrid Hashtags: #YouKnowYoureAKiwiWhen Your Tweet Contains Māori and English. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 3
Calude, Andreea S., Sally Harper, Steven Miller & Hemi Whaanga
2019. English in Australia and New Zealand. In The Handbook of World Englishes, ► pp. 70 ff.
Levendis, Katharine & Andreea Calude
2019. Perception and flagging of loanwords – A diachronic case-study of Māori loanwords in New Zealand English. Ampersand 6 ► pp. 100056 ff.
Barr, Sophie & Corinne A. Seals
2018. He Reofor Our Future: Te Reo Māori and Teacher Identities, Attitudes, and Micro-Policies in Mainstream New Zealand Schools. Journal of Language, Identity & Education 17:6 ► pp. 434 ff.
Degani, Marta
2017. Cultural Conceptualisations in Stories of Māori-English Bilinguals: The Cultural Schema of marae. In Advances in Cultural Linguistics [Cultural Linguistics, ], ► pp. 661 ff.
ONYSKO, ALEXANDER
2016. Modeling world Englishes from the perspective of language contact. World Englishes 35:2 ► pp. 196 ff.
Evans, Stephen
2014. The evolutionary dynamics of postcolonial Englishes: A Hong Kong case study. Journal of Sociolinguistics 18:5 ► pp. 571 ff.
Evans, Stephen
2015. Word-formation in Hong Kong English: diachronic and synchronic perspectives. Asian Englishes 17:2 ► pp. 116 ff.
Evans, Stephen
2016. Introduction: Exploring the Diffusion and Diversification of English. In The English Language in Hong Kong, ► pp. 1 ff.
SALMOND, Anne
2014. Tears of Rangi. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4:3 ► pp. 285 ff.
GRANT, LYNN E
2012. Culturally motivated lexis in New Zealand English. World Englishes 31:2 ► pp. 162 ff.
DEGANI, MARTA & ALEXANDER ONYSKO
2010. Hybrid compounding in New Zealand English. World Englishes 29:2 ► pp. 209 ff.
Degani, Marta & Alexander Onysko
2024. Cultural variation in New Zealand English stories about place. World Englishes 43:3 ► pp. 399 ff.
Macalister, John
2006. The Maori lexical presence in New Zealand English: Constructing a corpus for diachronic change. Corpora 1:1 ► pp. 85 ff.
MACALISTER, JOHN
2007. Weka or woodhen? Nativization through lexical choice in New Zealand English. World Englishes 26:4 ► pp. 492 ff.
Macalister, John
2010. Emerging voices or linguistic silence?: Examining a New Zealand linguistic landscape. Multilingua - Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication 29:1 ► pp. 55 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 january 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.