In deciding whether non-native English is to be classified as a new variety or simply as learner language, a yardstick is needed against which the candidate variety can be tested. This paper offers such criteria for ESL-variety status, based on the three processes in the development of a new variety: expansion in function, nativization of form and institutionalization of a new standard. The criteria are exemplarily applied to the case of non-native English spoken on the European Continent, a recent controversial contender for variety status. It is suggested that if the proposed criteria are applied, Euro-English does not qualify as a New English.
2023. The integration of English words in online communication in China. Asian Englishes 25:3 ► pp. 360 ff.
Rüdiger, Sofia
2014. The nativization of English in the Korean context: Uncharted territory for World Englishes. English Today 30:4 ► pp. 11 ff.
Schmidtke, Daniel & Victor Kuperman
2017. Mass counts in World Englishes: A corpus linguistic study of noun countability in non-native varieties of English. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 13:1
Schneider, Edgar W. & Sarah Buschfeld
2022. The Geographical and Demographic Expansion of English. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 583 ff.
Song, Jae Jung
2016. A rose by any other name? Learner English and variety–status labelling: the case of English in South Korea. English Today 32:4 ► pp. 56 ff.
2018. Marking Community Identity Through Languaging. In Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Technology-Enhanced Language Learning [Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, ], ► pp. 47 ff.
White, Jonathan R.
2019. Authenticity of Language Practices in Virtual Learning Sites. In Virtual Sites as Learning Spaces, ► pp. 63 ff.
White, Jonathan R.
2022. Marking Community Identity Through Languaging. In Research Anthology on Applied Linguistics and Language Practices, ► pp. 1369 ff.
[no author supplied]
2013. Reference Guide for Varieties of English. In A Dictionary of Varieties of English, ► pp. 363 ff.
[no author supplied]
2017. Background From the Literature. In Exploration of Textual Interactions in CALL Learning Communities [Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, ], ► pp. 16 ff.
2022. Emergence and Spread of Some European Languages. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 425 ff.
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