Susan Wagner Cook | Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa | DeLTA Center, University of Iowa
Kimberly M. Fenn | Department of Psychology, Michigan State University
Hand gestures facilitate memory processes, both for newly learned material and for material that is already understood. Gestures facilitate working memory in the moment in which they are produced, and they facilitate recall over time. Information encoded with gesture appears particularly likely to be consolidated in memory, and is particularly likely to transfer to novel contexts. Thus, gesture not only improves initial encoding of material, but also improves the quality of the memory representation that is retained. This chapter focuses on the function of gesture with respect to memory, and discusses potential mechanisms by which gesture may promote memory and consolidation, including managing cognitive load, externalizing information, providing multiple, diverse and embodied representations; and engaging reactivation during sleep.
Article outline
Introduction
Working memory
Capacity of working memory
Spatial information
Long-term memory
Lexical access
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Learning
Generalization and transfer
Consolidation
Mechanisms underlying memory and learning
Facilitate understanding of spoken information
Externalize information
Create or activate visual and/or motor representations
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