Cover not available
Part of
Conceptualizations of Time
Edited by Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk
[Human Cognitive Processing 52] 2016
► pp. 273–294

Reflection of temporal horizon in linguistic performance

A significant body of cognitive research has identified the way in which temporal horizons are developed in the human mind, as well as the influence they exert on individual and social behavior. This study demonstrates a cognitive schema of temporal horizon that emerges from the frequency of expressions denoting temporal distance in spontaneous linguistic performance of Polish speakers. Linguistic material analyzed in this study includes transcriptions of impromptu conversations conducted in informal personal contexts, which were compiled into a demographically annotated linguistic corpus that amounts to 2.4 million words. The results reveal that the temporal horizon functions predominantly within three distinctive brackets corresponding to one day, one year, and up to 50 year periods. Moreover, the findings indicate that it tends to alter dynamically with age.

Keywords: cognition, cognitive schema, language, temporal horizon, time, time perspective
Published online: 14 June 2016
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.52.12wal
References
Bergson, H
1889/2001 Time and Free Will, an Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness [First published in 1889 as Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience]. New York: Dover.Google Scholar
2002 Henri Bergson: Key Writings. Edited by Keith Ansell-Pearson & John Mullarkey. New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
Bernard, E., & Griffin, J
2009 Understanding Lucene’s query syntax. In Hibernate Search in Action (pp. 202–214). Greenwich, CT: Manning.Google Scholar
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Reppen, R
1998 Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Block, R.A
1990 Models of psychological time. In R.A. Block (ed.), Cognitive Models of Psychological Time (pp. 1–35). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Block, R.A., Buggie, S.E., & Matsui, F
1996 Beliefs About Time: Cross-Cultural Comparisons. The Journal of Psychology 130(1), 5–22. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Boroditsky, L
2011 How Languages Construct Time. In S. Dehaene & E.M. Brannon (eds.), Space, Time and Number in the Brain (pp. 333–341). London: Academic Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Boyd, J.N., & Zimbardo, P.G
1997 Constructing Time After Death: The Transcendental-Future Time Perspective. Time & Society 6(1), 35–54. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Carenini, G, Murray, G., & Ng, R
2011 Methods for Mining and Summarizing Text Conversations. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool.Google Scholar
Cottle, T.J
1967 The Circles Test: An Investigation of Perceptions of Temporal Relatedness and Dominance. Journal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment 31(5), 58–71. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1968 The Location of Experience: A Manifest Time Orientation. Acta Psychologica 28, 129–149. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cottle, T.J., & Pleck, J.H
1969 Linear Estimations of Temporal Extension: The Effect of Age, Sex, and Social Class. Journal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment 33(1), 81–93. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Croft, W., & Cruse, D.A
2004 Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
D’Alessio, M. et al.
2003 Testing Zimbardo’s Stanford Time Perspective Inventory (STPI) – Short Form: An Italian Study. Time & Society 12(2), 333–347. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Drake, L. et al.
2008 Time Perspective and Correlates of Wellbeing. Time & Society 17(1), 47–61. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Evans, V
2012 Cognitive Linguistics. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 3(2), 129–141. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fingerman, K.L., & Perlmutter, M
1995 Future Time Perspective and Life Events across Adulthood. The Journal of General Psychology 122(1), 95–111. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fraisse, P
1963 The Psychology of Time. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
1978 Time and rhythm perception. In E.C. Carterette & M.P. Friedman (eds.), Handbook of Perception, Vol. 8: Perceptual Coding (pp. 203–254). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
1984 Perception and Estimation of Time. Annual Review of Psychology 35(1), 1–36. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Frank, L.K
1939 Time perspectives. Journal of Social Philosophy 4, 293–312.Google Scholar
Friedman, W.J
2003 The Development of a Differentiated Sense of the Past and the Future. In R. Kail (ed.), Advances in Child Development and Behavior (pp. 229–269). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Galton, A
2011 Time Flies but Space Does Not: Limits to the Spatialisation of Time. Journal of Pragmatics 43(3), 695–703. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Goffman, E
1974 Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gries, S. Th
2011 Studying Syntactic Priming in Corpora: Implications of Different Levels of Granularity.’ In D. Schönefeld (ed.), Converging Evidence: Methodological and Theoretical Issues for Linguistic Research (pp. 143–165). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hampe, B
(ed.) 2005 From Perception to Meaning: Image Schemas in Cognitive Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hancock, P.A., & Rausch, R
2010 The Effects of Sex, Age, and Interval Duration on the Perception of Time. Acta Psychologica 133(2), 170–179. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Harber, K. et al.
2003 Participant Self-Selection Biases as a Function of Individual Differences in Time Perspective. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 25(3), 255–264. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Haspelmath, M
1997 From Space to Time: Temporal Adverbials in the World’s Languages. Munich: LINCOM Europa.Google Scholar
Heidegger, M
1927/2002 Being and Time [First published in 1927 as Sein und Zeit]. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Hendricks, J
2001 It’s About Time. In S.H. McFadden & R.C. Atchley (eds.), Aging and the Meaning of Time a Multidisciplinary Exploration (pp. 21–50). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Heylen, K., Tummers, J., & Geeraerts, D
2008 Methodological Issues in Corpus-based Cognitive Linguistics. In G. Kristiansen & R. Dirven (eds.), Cognitive Sociolinguistics Language Variation, Cultural Models, Social Systems (pp. 91–128). Cognitive Linguistics Research. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hill, O.W., Buggie, S.E., & Block, R.A
2000 Culture and Beliefs About Time: Comparisons Among Black Americans, Black Africans, and White Americans. The Journal of Psychology 134(4), 443–461. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Husserl, E
1917/1991 On the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time (1893–1917) [Original title Zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins]. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Jaszczolt, K.M
2012 Cross-linguistic Differences in Expressing Time and Universal Principles of Utterance Interpretation. In L. Filipović & K.M. Jaszczolt (eds.), Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Linguistic Diversity (pp. 95–121). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ji, L.-J. et al.
2009 Looking into the Past: Cultural Differences in Perception and Representation of Past Information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96(4), 761–769. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kastenbaum, R
1961 The Dimensions of Future Time Perspective, an Experimental Analysis. The Journal of General Psychology 65(2), 203–218. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1963 Cognitive and Personal Futurity in Later Life. Journal of Individual Psychology 19(2), 216–222.Google Scholar
1964 The Structure and Function of Time Perspective. Journal of Psychological Researches (India) 8, 1–11.Google Scholar
1994 Time Perspective. In R.J. Corsini (ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology 3. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Keough, K.A. et al.
1999 Who’s Smoking, Drinking, and Using Drugs? Time Perspective as a Predictor of Substance Use. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 21(2), 149–164. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, G
1987 Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Langacker, R.W
2012 Linguistic Manifestations of the Space-time (dis)analogy. In L. Filipović & K.M. Jaszczolt (eds.), Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Language, Culture, and Cognition, Human Cognitive Processing (pp. 191–216). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Le Poidevin, R
2007 The Images of Time: An Essay on Temporal Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Levelt, W.J.M
1999 Models of Word Production. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3(6), 223–232. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B
2014 Time Representation in Language. In B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk & K. Kosecki (eds.), Time and Temporality in Language and Human Experience. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B., & Dziwirek, K
(eds.) 2009 Studies in Cognitive Corpus Linguistics. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Lewin, K
1939 Field Theory and Experiment in Social Psychology: Concepts and Methods. American Journal of Sociology 44(6), 868–896. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1951 Field Theory in the Social Sciences: Selected Theoretical Papers. Edited by Dorwin Cartwright. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
McEnery, T., & Hardie, A
2012 Corpus Linguistics: Method, Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McEnery, T., & Wilson, A
2001 Corpus Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd Ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Nuttin, J.R
1985 Future Time Perspective and Motivation: Theory and Research Method. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Ornstein, R.E
1969 On the Experience of Time. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Pęzik, P
2012 Język mówiony w NKJP. In Adam Przepiórkowski, et al. (ed.), Narodowy Korpus Jezyka Polskiego (pp. 37–47). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.Google Scholar
Piaget, J
1946/1969 The Child’s Conception of Time [First published in 1946 as Le développement de la notion de temps chez l’enfant]. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Pöppel, E
2009 Pre-semantically Defined Temporal Windows for Cognitive Processing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364(1525), 1887–1896. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rakowski, W
1986 Future Time Perspective: Applications to the Health Context of Later Adulthood. American Behavioral Scientist 29(6), 730–745. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Riso, L.P., & McBride, C
2007 Introduction: A Return to a Focus on Cognitive Schemas. In Lawrence P. Riso, et al. (eds.), Cognitive Schemas and Core Beliefs in Psychological Problems: A Scientist-Practitioner Guide (pp. 3–9). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Roeckelein, J.E
2000 The Concept of Time in Psychology: A Resource Book and Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Roos, P., & Albers, R
1965 Performance of Alcoholics and Normals on a Measure of Temporal Orientation. Journal of Clinical Psychology 21(1), 34–36. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Seligman, M.E.P
1975 Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Strathman, A. et al.
1994 The Consideration of Future Consequences: Weighing Immediate and Distant Outcomes of Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66(4), 742–752. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Suddendorf, T., & Corballis, M.C
2007 The Evolution of Foresight: What is Mental Time Travel, and is it Unique to Humans? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30(3), 299–313. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Trope, Y., & Liberman, N
2003 Temporal Construal. Psychological Review 110(3), 403–421. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2010 Construal-level Theory of Psychological Distance. Psychological Review 117(2), 440–463. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Waliński, J.T., & Pęzik, P
2007 Web Access Interface to the PELCRA Referential Corpus of Polish. In J.T. Waliński, et al. (eds.), Corpora and ICT in language studies: PALC 2005 (pp. 65–86). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Wallace, M
1956 ‘Future time perspective in schizophrenia.’ The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 52(2), 240–245. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wittmann, M
2011 Moments in Time. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 5, 66. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wittmann, M., & Paulus, M.P
2009 Temporal Horizons in Decision Making. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics 2(1), 1–11. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wohlford, P
1966 Extension of Personal Time, Affective States, and Expectation of Personal Death.’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3(5), 559–566. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zaleski, Z
1996 Future Anxiety: Concept, Measurement, and Preliminary Research. Personality and Individual Differences 21(2), 165–174. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zimbardo, P.G
2002 Time to Take out Time. Psychology Today 35, 62.Google Scholar
Zimbardo, P.G. & Boyd, J.N
1999 Putting Time in Perspective: A Valid, Reliable Individual-differences Metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77(6), 1271–1288. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zimbardo, P.G., & Boyd, J.N
2008 The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time That Will Change Your Life. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Zimbardo, P.G. et al.
1997 Present Time Perspective as a Predictor of Risky Driving. Personality and Individual Differences 23(6), 1007–1023. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M
1994 Behavioral Expressions and Biosocial Bases of Sensation Seeking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 3 other publications

LI, Heng
2018. “前”、“后”轴上的内隐时空映射及其影响因素 <sup>*</sup>. Advances in Psychological Science 26:6 ► pp. 975 ff. DOI logo
Li, Heng & Yu Cao
2017. Personal attitudes toward time: The relationship between temporal focus, space‐time mappings and real life experiences. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 58:3 ► pp. 193 ff. DOI logo
Li, Heng & Yu Cao
2018. Karma or Immortality: Can Religion Influence Space‐Time Mappings?. Cognitive Science 42:3 ► pp. 1041 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 24 june 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.