Afterword
Typologies and language use
The study of encoding of motion events is best approached as a search for potentially interacting factors, linguistic and non-linguistic. Every language presents a cluster of typological variables. In the domain of motion events, sets of variables co-occur in at least two major patterns (verb‑ and satellite-framed). These types are idealizations of a range of diverse solutions to encoding dimensions of Path and Manner. However, the more we probe linguistic expressions of motion events, the more we uncover mixed types, indeterminate types, hybrid forms, and changes in progress. Numerous factors can act to limit or modify the expression of typological potentials – that is, patterns of language use that are predicted by the typological categorization of a language. The encoding of Path and Manner is not carried out independently of a language’s morphosyntactic and morphophonological characteristics. Data of historical linguistics, language contact, and translation are beginning to reveal interactions of factors over time. Suggestive findings demonstrate diachronic transitions between language types (with examples from Latin and Romance languages, Slavic languages, Chinese), as well as changes in the manner verb lexicon over time (English, Italian).
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Contributions of linguistic typology
- 3.Expressing Manners of movement across language types
- 3.1Boundary-crossing constraints
- 3.2Lexical diversity in the domain of Manner of movement
- 4.Language use and diachronic patterns
- 5.From verb-framed to satellite-framed
- 6.From satellite-framed to verb-framed
- 6.1Prefixed satellites: Romance and Slavic languages
- 6.2Serial verb languages: Mandarin
- 7.Additional factors influencing typological potentials
- 8.Conclusion
-
Acknowledgements
-
Notes
-
References
References
References
Aske, J.
1989 Path predicates in English and Spanish: A closer look.
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 15, 1–14.


Alexander, R.
2006 Bosnian Croatian Serbian: A grammar with sociolinguistic commentary. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Beavers, J., Levin, B., & Tham, S. W.
2010 The typology of motion expressions revisited.
Journal of Linguistics, 46, 331–377.


Berman, R. A., & Slobin, D. I.
1994 Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Berthele, R.
2006 Ort und Weg: Die sprachliche Raumreferenz in Varietäten des Deutschen, Rätoromanischen und Französischen. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.


Berthele, R.
2009 The many ways to search for a frog story: On a fieldworker’s troubles collecting spatial language data. In
J. Guo,
E. Lieven,
N. Budwig,
S. Ervin-Tripp,
K. Nakamura, &
Ş. Özçalışkan (Eds.),
Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin (162–174). New York: Psychology Press.

Brucale, L.
2011 Manner of motion verbs in Latin. Paper presented at the conference Historical-Comparative Linguistics in the 21st Century. Humboldt-Kolleg, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 22–25 September 2011.
Cardini, F. E.
2008 Manner of motion saliency: an inquiry into Italian.
Cognitive Linguistics, 19, 533–570.


Carroll, M., Weimar, K., Flecken, M., Lambert, M., & von Stutterheim, C.
Chen, J.
2008 The acquisition of verb compounding in Mandarin Chinese. Nijmegen: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.

Chen, L., & Guo, J.
2009 Motion events in Chinese novels: Evidence for an equipollently-framed language.
Journal of Pragmatics, 41, 1749–1766.


Fanego, T.
2012 Motion events in English: The emergence and diachrony of manner salience from Old English to Late Modern English.
Folia Linguistica Historica, 33, 29–85.

Flecken, M., von Stutterheim, C., & Carroll, M.
2014 Grammatical aspect influences motion event perception: Findings from a cross-linguistic non-verbal recognition task.
Language and Cognition, 6, 45–78.


Goschler, J., & Stefanowitsch, A.
Hottenroth, P.-M.
1985 Die italienischen Ortsadverbien. In
C. Schwarze (Ed.),
Bausteine für eine italienische Grammatik. Vol. 2 (385–462). Tübingen: Gunter Narr.

Iacobini, C., & Masini, F.
2006 The emergence of verb–particle constructions in Italian: Locative and actional meanings.
Morphology, 16: 155–188.

Iacobini, C., & Masini, F.
2007 Verb-particle constructions and prefixed verbs in Italian: Typology, diachrony and semantics. In
G. Booij,
L. Ducceschi,
B. Fradin,
E. Guevara,
A. Ralli, &
S. Scalise (Eds.),
On-line proceedings of the fifth Mediterranean morphology meeting (157–184). Bologna: Università degli studi di Bologna.

Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I.
2006 Sound symbolism and motion in Basque. Munich: Lincom Europa.

Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I.
2009 Path salience in motion events. In
J. Guo,
E. Lieven,
N. Budwig,
S. Ervin-Tripp,
K. Nakamura, &
Ş. Özçalışkan (Eds.),
Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin (403–414). New York: Psychology Press.

Jovanović, J., & Martinović-Zić, A.
Kramer, J.
1981 Die Übernahme der deutschen und der niederländischen Konstruktion Verb + Verbzusatz durch die Nachbarsprachen. In
W. Meid, &
K. Heller (Eds.),
Sprachkontakt als Ursache von Veränderungen der Sprach‑ und Bewusstseinsstruktur: Eine Sammlung von Studien zur sprachlichen Interferenz (129–140). Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.

Lamarre, C.
2007 The linguistic encoding of motion events in Chinese: with reference to cross-dialectal variation. In
Ch. Lamarre, &
T. Ohori (Eds.),
Typological studies of the linguistic expressions of motion events. Vol. 1: Perspectives from South and Southeast Asia (3–33). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.

Levinson, S. C., Meira, S.
The Language and Cognition Group. 2003. ‘Natural concepts’ in the spatial topological domain – adpositional meanings in crosslinguistic perspective: An exercise in semantic typology.
Language, 79, 485–516.

Majid, A., Boster, J. S., & Bowerman, M.
2008 The cross-linguistic categorization of everyday events: A study of cutting and breaking.
Cognition, 109, 235–250.


Malt, B. C., Gennari, S., Imai, M., Ameel, E., Tsuda, N., & Majid, A.
2008 Talking about walking: Biomechanics and the language of locomotion.
Psychological Science, 19, 232–240.


Matsumoto, Y.
2003 Typologies of lexicalization patterns and event integration: Clarifications and reformulations. In
S. Chiba et al. (Eds.),
Empirical and theoretical investigations into language: A Festschrift for Masaru Kajita (403–418). Tokyo: Kaitakusha.

Mayer, M.
1969 Frog, where are you? New York: Dial Press.

Oh, K.-J.
2009 Motion events in English and Korean fictional writings and translations. In
J. Guo,
E. Lieven,
N. Budwig,
S. Ervin-Tripp,
K. Nakamura, &
Ş. Özçalışkan (Eds.),
Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin (253–262). New York: Psychology Press.

Schwarze, C.
1985 “Uscire” e “andare fuori”: struttura sintattica e semantica lessicale. In
A. Franchi de Bellis, &
L. M. Savola (Eds.),
Sintassi e morfologia della lingua italiana d’uso: Theorie e aplicazioni descrittive (355–371). Rome: Bulzoni.

Slobin, D. I.
1996a From “thought and language” to “thinking to speaking”. In
J. J. Gumperz, &
S. C. Levinson (Eds.),
Rethinking linguistic relativity (70–96.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Slobin, D. I.
1996b Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish. In
M. Shibatani, &
S. A. Thompson (Eds.),
Grammatical constructions: Their form and meaning (195–220). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Slobin, D. I.
1997 Mind, code, and text. In
J. Bybee,
J. Haiman, &
S. A. Thompson (Eds.),
Essays on language function and language type: Dedicated to T. Givón (437–467). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.


Slobin, D. I.
2003 Language and thought online: Cognitive consequences of linguistic relativity. In
D. Gentner, &
S. Goldin-Meadow (Eds.),
Language in mind: Advances in the investigation of language and thought (157–191). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Slobin, D. I.
2004 The many ways to search for a frog: Linguistic typology and the expression of motion events. In
S. Strömqvist, &
L. Verhoeven (Eds.),
Relating events in narrative: Typological and contextual perspectives (219–257). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Slobin, D. I.
2005 Relating events in translation. In
D. Ravid, &
H. B.-Z. Shyldkrot (Eds.),
Perspectives on language and language development: Essays in honor of Ruth A. Berman (115–129). Dordrecht: Kluwer.


Slobin, D. I.
2008 From S-language and V-language to PIN and PIV. Paper presented at the workshop Human Locomotion across Languages. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 6 June 2008.
Slobin, D. I., & Hoiting, N.
1994 Reference to movement in spoken and signed languages: Typological considerations.
Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 20, 487–505.


Slobin, D. I., Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I., Kopecka, A., & Majid, A.
2014 Manners of human gait: A crosslinguistic event-naming study.
Cognitive Linguistics, 25, 701–741.


Snell-Hornby, M.
1983 Verb-descriptivity in German and English. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.

von Stutterheim, C., Andermann, M., Carroll, M., Flecken, M., & Schmiedtová, B.
2012 .
How grammaticized concepts shape event conceptualization in language production: insights from linguistic analysis, eye tracking data, and memory performance.
Linguistics, 50, 833–867.


Talmy, L.
1985 Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms. In
T. Shopen (Ed.),
Language typology and lexical description. Vol. 3: Grammatical categories and the lexicon (36–149). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

Talmy, L.
1991 Path to realization.
Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 17, 480–519.


Talmy, L.
2000 Toward a cognitive semantics. Vol. II: Typology and process in concept structuring. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Talmy, L.
2009 Main verb properties and equipollent framing. In
J. Guo,
E. Lieven,
N. Budwig,
S. Ervin-Tripp,
K. Nakamura, &
Ş. Özçalışkan (Eds.),
Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin (389–402). New York: Psychology Press.

Troberg, M., & Burnett, H.
2011 Resultative secondary predication in medieval French and the satellite-framed/verb-framed distinction. Paper presented at the Workshop on Verbal Elasticity: Framing the Verb/satellite Distinction from a Biolinguistic Perspective. Centre de Lingüística Teòrica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 3–5 October 2011.
Verkerk, A.
2013 Scramble, scurry and dash: The correlation between motion event encoding and manner verb lexicon size in Indo-European.
Language Dynamics and Change, 3, 169–217.


Vidaković, I.
2006 Second language acquisition of dynamic spatial relations. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge.

Voeltz, F. K. E., & Kilian-Hatz, C.
(Eds.) 2001 Ideophones. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.


Wilkins, D.
2004 The verbalization of motion events in Arrernte. In
S. Strömqvist, &
L. Verhoeven (Eds.),
Relating events in narrative: Typological and contextual perspectives (144–157). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Wood, R. E.
1972 Dutch syntactic loans in Papiamentu.
Revue des langues vivantes / Tijdschrift voor levende talen, 38, 635–647.

Yiu, C. Y.-M.
2014 The typology of motion events: An empirical study of Chinese dialects. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Zlatev, J., & Yangklang, P.
2004 A third way to travel: The place of Thai and serial verb languages in motion event typology. In
S. Strömqvist, &
L. Verhoeven (Eds.),
Relating events in narrative: Typological and contextual perspectives (159–190). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Cited by
Cited by 5 other publications
Becerra, Rodrigo, Jorge Osorio, Ítalo Cantarutti & Gabriel Llanquinao
2022.
Motion Events in L1 and L2 Mapudungun Narratives: Typology and Cross-Linguistic Influence.
Frontiers in Communication 7

Fanego, Teresa
2020.
On the History of the English Progressive ConstructionJane came whistling down the street.
Journal of English Linguistics 48:4
► pp. 319 ff.

Matsumoto, Yo & Kazuhiro Kawachi
Sarda, Laure & Benjamin Fagard
Soroli, Efstathia, Maya Hickmann & Henriëtte Hendriks
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 march 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.