Table of contents
List of figures
IX
List of tables
XIII
Acknowledgments
XV
Chapter 1.Introduction
1
Chapter 2.Mental models, perceptual simulation, and the conceptual-linguistic interface
7
2.1Abstract symbolic representation
8
2.2Reassessing cognition and language
13
2.2.1From color terms to prototypes
14
2.2.2Prototypes and cognitive models
20
2.2.3The embodied nature of language and thought
24
2.2.4Mental simulation and conceptual representation
30
2.2.5Simulation, meaning, and understanding language
36
2.3A model of the interaction between linguistic and conceptual system
43
2.3.1Parameterized simulator activity and the problem of semantic underdetermination
49
2.3.2The conceptual representation of baldness – an exemplary case
61
Chapter 3.Translation, equivalence, and lexical meaning
71
3.1Equivalence, conceptual representation and principles of machine translation
74
3.2The concept of equivalence in translation studies
80
3.3Equivalence dethroned: Critical reactions to equivalence theory
88
3.4Response based translation theory: Dynamic equivalence as a cognitive perspective
98
3.5The role of internal simulation of reception in language production
104
3.6Cognitive equivalence – proposal for a cognitive process model of translation
113
Chapter 4.Methodology
129
4.1Inaccessibility, backstage cognition, and windows to the mind
130
4.1.1Lexical variation and experimental design
132
4.1.2Exploring the boundaries of word meaning
135
4.1.3Exploring lexical category structure across languages – goals of the present study
141
4.2Talking about baldness – collecting a pool of baldness terms
146
4.3Visualizing baldness – developing the experimental program
153
4.3.1Depictions of male pattern baldness and the Norwood-Hamilton scale
154
4.3.2Stages of male pattern baldness in the experimental program
157
4.3.3Developing the user interface for the experimental program
163
4.3.4Procedure and stages of the main experiment
167
4.3.5Data elicited in the main experiment
172
Chapter 5.Results
183
5.1Baldness terms in German, English, and Japanese
184
5.2Informants in the main experiment
195
5.3Visual representations of baldness
205
5.3.1
baldness in German: Findings for individual baldness terms
211
5.3.2
baldness in German: Intralinguistic comparison
226
5.3.3
baldness in American English: Findings for individual baldness terms
233
5.3.4
baldness in American English: Intralinguistic comparison
249
5.3.5
baldness in Japanese: Findings for individual baldness terms
255
5.3.6
baldness in Japanese: Intralinguistic comparison
271
5.4
baldness compared across languages
277
5.4.1Comparison: German and English
278
5.4.2Comparison: German and Japanese
282
5.4.3Comparison: English and Japanese
287
5.4.4Cross-linguistic comparison: General discussion
291
Chapter 6.Conclusion
299
Bibliography
311
Appendix A.Basic data BT categories for one language
321
Appendix B.Detailed listing of the pre-study interviewees
325
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