Cover not available
Part of
Broader Perspectives on Motion Event Descriptions
Edited by Yo Matsumoto and Kazuhiro Kawachi
[Human Cognitive Processing 69] 2020
► pp. 143–180

Chapter 5
A fine-grained analysis of manner salience

Experimental evidence from Japanese and English

| Nagoya University
| National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics

This chapter delves into the typological discussion of “manner salience” (Slobin 2004, 2006) by means of a fine-grained examination of different kinds of manner expressions. Our two speech elicitation experiments revealed that English speakers are clearly more manner salient than Japanese in the use of the “default” general manner expression (i.e. walk) in describing human walking motion. On the other hand, Japanese speakers use mimetic adverbs which significantly contribute to the expressive power of manner expressions, especially in describing the sounds that moving entities make. These results indicate that manner salience is a complex phenomenon that involves multiple parameters in the form and meaning of manner expressions, rather than a mere epiphenomenon of the typology based on path coding positions.

Keywords: expressiveness, frog stories, ideophones, mimetics, sounds of motion, video experiment
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The typology of manner expressions
    • 2.1Manner
    • 2.2Manner salience
    • 2.3Types of manner expressions
  • 3.Experiment 1: Frog stories
    • 3.1Method
    • 3.2Results
    • 3.3Discussion
  • 4.Experiment 2: Motion with sounds
    • 4.1Method
    • 4.2Results
    • 4.3Discussion
  • 5.Typological implications
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
Published online: 11 August 2020
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.69.05aki
References
Akita, K.
2017 The typology of manner expressions: A preliminary look. In I. Ibarretxe-Antuñano (Ed.), Motion and space across languages: Theory and applications (39–60). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Akita, K., Matsumoto, Y., & Ohara, K. H.
2010 Idoo-hyoogen no ruikeiron ni okeru tyokuziteki-keiro-hyoogen to yootai-goi-repaatorii [Deictic path expressions and manner lexicon in the typology of motion expressions]. In T. Kageyama (Ed.), Lexicon Forum, No. 5 (1–25). Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.Google Scholar
Beavers, J., & Koontz-Garboden, A.
2017 Result verbs, scalar change, and the typology of motion verbs. Language, 93, 842–876. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Berthele, R.
2013 Disentangling manner and path: Evidence from varieties of German and Romance. In J. Goschler & A. Stefanowitsch (Eds.), Variation and change in the coding of motion events (55–75). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Boas, H. C.
2008 Toward a frame-constructional approach to verb classification. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 57, 17–48.Google Scholar
Cardini, F.-E.
2008 Manner of motion saliency: An inquiry into Italian. Cognitive Linguistics, 19(4), 533–569. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y.-T., & Matsumoto, Y.
2018 Nihongo-goiteki-hukugoo-doosi no imi to taikei: Konsutorakusyon-keitairon to hureemu-imiron [The meaning and system of lexical compound verbs in Japanese: Construction morphology and frame semantics]. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.Google Scholar
Dingemanse, M.
2011 The meaning and use of ideophones in Siwu. Ph.D. dissertation, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics & Radboud University.Google Scholar
2017 Expressiveness and system integration: On the typology of ideophones, with special reference to Siwu. STUF, 70(2), 363–384.Google Scholar
Dingemanse, M., & Akita, K.
2017 An inverse relation between expressiveness and grammatical integration: On the morphosyntactic typology of ideophones, with special reference to Japanese. Journal of Linguistics, 53(3), 501–532. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Doyle, A. C.
1892 The adventures of Sherlock Holmes. (K. Nobuhara, trans. 1953 Syaarokku Hoomuzu no booken.) Tokyo: Shinchosha.Google Scholar
Fillmore, C. J.
1975 An alternative to checklist theories of meaning. Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 123–131.Google Scholar
Fortis, J. M., Grinevald, C., Kopecka, A., & Vittrant, A.
2011 L’expression de la trajectoire: perspectives typologiques. Faits de Langues, 38, 33–41. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, A. E., & Jackendoff, R.
2004 The English resultatives as a family of constructions. Language, 80, 532–568. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hamano, S.
1998 The sound-symbolic system of Japanese. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar
Hinton, L., Nichols, J., & Ohala, J. J.
1994 Sound symbolism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I.
2006 Sound symbolism and motion in Basque. München: LINCOM Europa.Google Scholar
2009a Lexicalisation patterns and sound symbolism in Basque. In J. Valenzuela, A. Rojo, & C. Soriano (Eds.), Trends in cognitive linguistics: Theoretical and applied models (239–254). Hamburg: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
2009b Path salience in motion events. In J. Guo, E. Lieven, N. Budwig, S. Ervin-Tripp, K. Nakamura, & Ş. Özçalışkan (Eds.), Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin (403–414). New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Iwata, S.
2006 Where there’s a sound, there’s motion: Two types of path PPs that appear after verbs of sound emission. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference of Construction Grammar, University of Tokyo, 3 September 2006.
Jackendoff, R.
1985 Multiple subcategorization and the theta-criterion: The case of climb . Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 3, 271–295. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kakehi, H., Tamori, I., & Schourup, L.
1996 Dictionary of iconic expressions in Japanese. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kita, S.
1997 Two-dimensional semantic analysis of Japanese mimetics. Linguistics, 35(2), 379–415. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Koga, H.
2017 Niti-ei-doku-ro-go no ziritu-idoo-hyoogen: Taiyaku-koopasu o motiita hikaku-kenkyuu [Self-motion expressions in Japanese, English, German, and Russian: A comparative study using translation corpora]. In Y. Matsumoto (Ed.), Idoo-hyoogen no ruikeiron [The typology of motion expressions] (303–336). Tokyo: Kurosio.Google Scholar
Kopecka, A., & Narasimhan, B.
(Eds.) 2012 Events of putting and taking: A crosslinguistic perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Levin, B.
1993 English verb classes and alternations: A preliminary investigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Levin, B., Song, G., & Atkins, B. T. S.
1997 Making sense of corpus data: A case study of verbs of sound. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 2, 23–64. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Malt, B. C., Ameel, E., Imai, M., Gennari, S. P., Saji, N., & Majid, A.
2014 Human locomotion in languages: Constraints on moving and meaning. Journal of Memory and Language, 74, 107–123. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Marchman, V., & Renner, T.
2010 Frogs English Slobin Corpus. TalkBank. [URL]
Matsumoto, Y.
1997 Kuukan-idoo no gengo-hyoogen to sono kakutyoo [Linguistic expressions of motion in space and their extensions]. In S. Tanaka & Y. Matsumoto, Kuukan to idoo no hyoogen [Expressions of space and motion], 125–230. Tokyo: Kenkyusha.Google Scholar
2003 Typologies of lexicalization patterns and event integration: Clarifications and reformulations. In S. Chiba et al. (Eds.), Empirical and theoretical investigations into language: A Festschrift for Masaru Kajita (403–417). Tokyo: Kaitakusha.Google Scholar
2017 Nihongo ni okeru zisyoo-hyoogen-taipu to keiro no hyoogen [Event-based expression types and expressions of path in Japanese] (247–273). In Y. Matsumoto (Ed.), Idoo-hyoogen no ruikeiron [The typology of motion expressions]. Tokyo: Kurosio.Google Scholar
2018 Motion event descriptions in Japanese from typological perspectives. In P. Pardeshi & T. Kageyama (Eds.), Handbook of Japanese contrastive linguistics. Berlin: Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto, Y., Akita, K., Andreani, F., Eguchi, K., Imazato, N., Kawachi, K., Matsuse, I., Nagaya, N., Morita, T., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, R. & Yoshinari, Y.
2013 Crosslinguistic tendencies in the intralinguistic variations of motion descriptions: An experimental study of manner, path, and deixis. Presented at the 12th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 28 June 2013.
Matsumoto, Y., Akita, K. & Takahashi, K.
2017 The functional nature of deictic verbs and the coding patterns of Deixis: An experimental study in English, Japanese, and Thai. In I. Ibarretxe-Antuñano (Ed.), Motion and space across languages and applications (95–122). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Matsuse, I.
This volume. The distinct coding of Deixis and Path in Kathmandu Newar.
Mayer, M.
1969 Frog, where are you? New York: Dial Press.Google Scholar
Meyer, G. F., & Wuerger, S. M.
2001 Cross-modal integration of auditory and visual motion signals. Neuroreport, 12, 2557–2560. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Morita, T.
This volume. Attraction of attention in perceived motion events weighed against typology and cognitive cost: An experimental study of French.
Nuckolls, J. B.
1996 Sounds like life: Sound-symbolic grammar, performance, and cognition in Pastaza Quechua. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Oh, K.-J.
2003 Language, cognition, and development: Motion events in English and Korean. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Ohara, K. H.
2002 Linguistic encodings of motion events in Japanese and English: A preliminary look. The Hiyoshi Review of English Studies, 41, 122–153. Keio University.Google Scholar
Özçalışkan, Ş., & Slobin, D. I.
2000 Expression of manner of movement in mono-lingual and bilingual adult narratives: Turkish vs. English. In A. Göksel & C. Kerslake (Eds.), Studies on Turkish and Turkic languages (253–262). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar
Schaefer, R. P.
2001 Ideophonic adverbs and manner gaps in Emai. In F. K. E. Voeltz & C. Kilian-Hatz (Eds.), Ideophone (339–354). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sekuler, R., Sekuler, A. B., & Lau, R.
1997 Sound alters visual motion perception. Nature, 385, 308–308. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Slobin, D. I.
1996 Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish. In M. Shibatani & S. A. Thompson (Eds.), Grammatical constructions: Their form and meaning. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
1997 Mind, code, and text. In J. Bybee, J. Haiman, & S. A. Thompson (Eds.), Essays on language function and language type: Dedicated to T. Givón (437–467). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000 Verbalized events: A dynamic approach to linguistic relativity and determinism. In S. Niemeier & R. Dirven (Eds.), Evidence for linguistic relativity (107–138). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2004 The many ways to search for a frog. In S. Strömqvist & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Relating events in narrative: Typological and contextual perspectives (219–257). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
2006 What makes manner of motion salient?: Explorations in linguistic typology, discourse, and cognition. In M. Hickmann & S. Robert (Eds.), Space in languages: Linguistic systems and cognitive categories (59–81). Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Slobin, D. I., Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I., Kopecka, A., & Majid, A.
2014 Manners of human gait: A crosslinguistic event-naming study. Cognitive Linguistics, 25(4), 701–741. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Snell-Hornby, M.
1983 Verb-descriptivity in German and English: A contrastive study in semantic fields. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag.Google Scholar
Sohn, H.-M.
1994 Korean. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Stosic, D.
2009 La notion de ‘manière’ dans la sémantique de l’espace. Langages, 175, 103–121. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sugiyama, Y.
2005 Not all verb-framed languages are created equal: The case of Japanese. Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 299–310.Google Scholar
Talmy, L.
1991 Path to realization: A typology of event conflation. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 480–519. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000 Toward a cognitive semantics, Volume II: Typology and process in concept structuring. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Tamura, Y.-S.
2006 Characteristics of English sound-emission path construction: A prototype cross-linguistic account. In M. Yamanashi (Ed.), Studies in cognitive linguistics 5 (209–242). Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.Google Scholar
Toratani, K.
2012 The role of sound-symbolic forms in Motion event descriptions: The case of Japanese. Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 10(1), 90–132. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tsujimura, N., & Deguchi, M.
2007 Semantic integration of mimetics in Japanese. Papers from the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 339–353.Google Scholar
Verkerk, A.
2013  Scramble, scurry and dash: The correlation between motion event encoding and manner verb lexicon size in Indo-European. Language Dynamics and Change, 3, 169–217. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Voeltz, F. K. E., & Kilian-Hatz, C.
(Eds.) 2001 Ideophones. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wienold, G.
1995 Lexical and conceptual structures in expressions for movement and space: With reference to Japanese, Korean, Thai, and Indonesian as compared to English and German. In U. Egli, P. Pause, C. Schwarze, A. von Stechow, & G. Wienold (Eds.), Lexical knowledge in the organization of language (301–340). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zwicky, A. M., & Pullum, G. K.
1987 Plain morphology and expressive morphology. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 330–339. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 4 other publications

Menete, Sérgio N.
2022. Motion events in Changana spoken narrative. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 40:3 ► pp. 251 ff. DOI logo
Menete, Sérgio N. & Guiying Jiang
2024. Another member out of the family: the description of manner of gait in Changana verbs of motion. Folia Linguistica 0:0 DOI logo
Taremaa, Piia, Johanna Kiik, Leena Karin Toots & Ann Veismann
2022. Speed as a dimension of manner in Estonian frog stories. Nordic Journal of Linguistics ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Taremaa, Piia & Anetta Kopecka
2023. Manner of motion in Estonian. Studies in Language 47:1 ► pp. 32 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 23 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.