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Part of
Existential Constructions across Languages: Forms, meanings and functions
Edited by Laure Sarda and Ludovica Lena
[Human Cognitive Processing 76] 2023
► pp. 347–351

Index

A

  • absence 88, 91, 97–98, 299
  • absolute existence73
  • abundance verb 290–91, 298
  • accomplishment verb 193, 233–234
  • accusative 45, 53, 62, 71–72, 115, 148, 187, 205, 229, 237, 239, 241, 305
  • achievement verb 119, 193, 233–234, 241
  • actant H115
  • action (verb) 69, 192, 196–198
  • activity (verb) 193, 233–34, 239
  • actual / actuality 226, 271, 274
  • adessive 39, 106
  • adjectival
    • modifier (or qualifier) 95–97, 203
    • predicate 183, 320
  • adverbial
    • quantifier 88–92, 290–92
    • durative 234–35, 237, 239
    • locative 17, 191, 226–27
    • time (or time-frame, temporal) 17, 183, 236–41
  • affected patient (non-affected patient) 191–92, 204, 206
  • agent (role) 62, 68, 114, 191–92, 202, 204, 206
  • agentive verb 196–97
  • agreement 5, 8, 18, 45, 57–58, 83, 115–16, 148–49, 159, 220–25, 241
  • aktionsart 193–94, 205, 209, 213
  • aligned translation 19, 180–81, 186–87, 189, 210, 272, 274
  • all-focus 11, 13, 21
  • all-new sentence 114, 164 ; See also thetic sentence
  • alternating construction 287, 289–93
  • anaphor 153, 155, 172, 254, 288–89, 333 ; See also anaphoric pronoun
  • anaphoric-partitive 256–57, 266
  • anchor / anchoring 115, 180, 182, 187, 191, 195, 207, 262
  • archaic 78, 83, 148, 204, 308, 310, 316
  • argument structure 50, 147–48
  • ascriptive construction 107–10
  • aspectuo-temporal90
  • a/symmetric negatives 80, 302–3
  • atelic vs. telic predicate 184, 193–96, 202–6, 208–9, 214
  • atmospheric 23, 68, 70, 73–74, 77, 80, 84, 88, 92, 97–98

B

  • bad topic 180–81
  • bare noun (or bare nominal) 81–82, 193, 200, 202–4, 247, 252–53, 254 sq., 268, 287–90
  • bare plural 193, 200, 203, 257
  • be verb 1, 4, 18, 37, 102, 121
  • be/have 36, 58–61
  • biclausal construction 24, 141, 247–54
  • binominal90
  • bounded existence 264–65
  • brand-new referentSee new referent

C

  • c’è-sentenceSee ci-sentence
  • canonical (position of the) subject 5, 20–21, 221–22, 251
  • canonical construction 17, 19–21, 51, 152, 220, 224, 249, 251, 293, 303
  • categorical 11, 21, 70, 98, 181–83, 201, 210–11, 213–14
  • causative 114, 313
  • ci-sentence 14, 122, 142, 153–56
  • classifier 247, 267
  • clause sequence 325, 333, 338, 343
  • cleft construction (or predicate, sentence) 15, 23, 70, 113, 123, 126, 130, 139, 142–43, 149, 156–57, 164, 174, 248–49, 252, 280
  • coda 3, 6–7, 114–15, 140–41, 152–56, 160–61, 165–69, 171, 257–58
  • coercion 253, 259, 265, 267
  • cognitive grammar 11, 24, 222, 227, 229
  • collective vs. distributive reading 232–40
  • coming into being 196–97, 214
  • coming into situation 196–97, 214
  • comitative-possessee construction 38, 41, 60–62
  • constituent orderSee word order
  • copula 21, 41, 48, 58–59, 304, 316–17
    • existential 1, 4–5, 8, 12, 18, 23–24, 194
  • count noun 90, 286
  • crosslinguistic perspective 4, 14–15, 181, 249, 317
  • crypto-indefinite92

D

  • dative 53, 286, 288
  • declefting141
  • dedicated inverse-locational predicator44
  • defectivity 314–15, 318
  • definiteness 106, 115, 145
    • effect (or restrictions) 6, 13–15, 92–93, 95, 200
  • deictic construction123
  • deictic existential122
  • deictic locative 14, 122, 150, 153, 155–56, 162
  • deixis / deictic 110–13, 116–17, 122–23, 126, 132–33, 150, 162, 172, 190, 263–64, 271, 311, 313, 318
  • demonstrative determiner 94–95, 97
  • deontic (auxiliary) 273–75
  • deontic existentials273
  • detopicalization116
  • diachronic 61, 68, 291
  • diathesis 289, 291
  • discourse-configurational language 23, 180–81, 186
  • discourse context 13, 164, 167–68, 171–72, 248, 256, 265–66
  • discourse function 6, 9, 12, 15, 17, 139, 198, 222, 231, 249
  • discourse-old vs. discourse-new 3, 18, 150, 165, 172, 222, 225, 231, 250, 254, 256, 327, 341
  • distributive 232, 237–40
  • double contrast 169–72
  • drift134See also have-drift
  • duration 84, 90, 234–35, 237, 239
  • dynamic event (verbs) 74–75, 111, 113, 190, 195, 246, 258

E

  • ecce 132–34
  • echoic use 331, 334–35, 342
  • empiricist attitude 103, 106
  • entity (ENT) 105, 114–16
  • entity-central vs. event-central 70–71, 184–85, 202, 212
  • entity-referring 253, 270–71, 273–74
  • entity viewpoint vs. situation viewpoint21
  • episodic 6, 10, 263–65, 273
  • etymology 5, 310–13, 318
  • evidential marker261
  • exist 2, 7, 9–10, 35, 111, 117, 223, 327
  • existence 1–3, 35, 70, 118, 143, 147, 157, 171, 210, 274, 290, 296, 316–17
    • bounded 264–65
    • literal 2–3, 11, 18, 248, 270, 274 ; See also pure existence
  • existential closure 185, 190
  • existential copulaSee be verb, and copula
  • existential-locative 143, 171 ; See also locative existential
  • existential marker 145–46, 151, 156, 165, 168
  • existential predicate (or verb) 20, 24–25, 55, 146, 148, 151, 184, 206, 223, 245–47, 254, 285, 290–92, 298, 313, 316–17, 334
  • existential presupposition327
  • existential construction (or sentence, clause) 7–11, 34–35, 70–71, 140–142, 220–223, 245–246, 285, 327
  • experiencer 192, 202, 204, 286
  • expletive 3–4, 44–46, 48, 50–51, 110–11, 116, 125, 152, 289, 291, 297
  • external syntax 127, 131, 133
  • external viewpoint 11, 18, 222

F

  • facere68
  • facit 71, 73–74
  • faire 69–74
  • familiarity condition200
  • Figure 5, 9, 20, 35, 43–44, 52–54, 147, 227, 317 ; See also Ground
  • focus 20–21, 24, 27, 30–31, 126–27, 138, 152, 154, 162–63, 165, 171–72, 175–78, 217, 278–79, 281
    • broad 6–7, 11, 13–15, 21, 23, 114, 138–39, 152, 154–56, 162–65, 171–72, 174, 279–80
    • contrastive 6–7, 22, 169, 171
    • narrow 6–7, 15, 152–55, 162, 165–68, 171, 173–74
  • focus structure 14, 22, 154, 252
  • force 90, 191–92
  • form-based classification 3, 8–9, 19, 222–23, 227, 241
  • formulaic expression92
  • formulaic construction 105, 109
  • frequency adverb (or quantifying adverb) 121, 270–73, 274–76
  • functions of existential constructions 2–3, 9, 12–15, 71, 149, 154, 159, 171, 231, 250, 265

G

  • geben 5, 18, 115, 118
  • general-locational 43–44, 58
  • General Locational Predication (GLP) 44, 48, 58, 60, 63
  • genericity 115, 225–26, 253, 260–61, 263–65, 267, 269–70, 275–76
  • genitive of negation305
  • genitive-possessor 39, 60
  • grammaticalization 8, 23, 103, 133–34, 140, 174, 312
  • Ground 5–7, 9, 17, 20, 35, 43–44, 51, 53–54, 56, 62, 147, 227, 317 ; See also Figure

H

  • haber 4–5, 44, 48
  • habitual 70, 119, 121, 193, 270–7, 317
  • have-drift 34, 37, 40–41, 52, 55, 58, 60
  • have-ILP 22, 43–48 ; See also Inverse Locational Predication (ILP)
  • have-possessive construction 22, 34–42
  • have verb 34 sq., 44, 58, 144–6, 148, 159, 246, 250, 285, 292, 304 sq.

I

  • Idealized Cognitive Model 123, 133–34
  • identifiability 181, 211, 213, 252, 268, 274
  • identifiable vs. unidentifiable referent 22, 125, 182, 252, 268–69
  • idiomatic expression 97, 187, 231
  • il fait-construction 83, 98
  • ILPSee Inverse Locational Predication
  • il y a-construction 21, 70–71, 122, 139–43, 249
    • y avoir 19, 69, 285, 291, 298
  • imperfective 261–62, 314
  • impersonal construction 13, 45, 51, 68–71, 77–81, 95, 125, 156, 183, 284–86, 291, 293, 304–5, 319
  • impersonalization 22, 34, 37, 44, 49, 62
  • incorporated-possessee construction 38, 40, 51, 62
  • incorporation 288–89, 314, 318
  • indefinite
    • article 83–84, 88, 95, 97, 200–4, 287, 299
    • non-partitive 181–82, 254, 257
    • non-specific 182, 184, 201, 203, 207, 273, 296
    • subject 19, 23, 180–92, 198 sq.
  • indefiniteness 20, 114, 187, 220–21, 223, 226, 235, 270
  • individual-level predicate 6, 119, 121, 247, 252–65, 270–73 ; See also stage-level predicate
  • inexistence 284, 299
  • information structure 11, 13, 15, 20, 25, 35, 148, 154, 162 sq., 223, 227, 231, 341
  • in/sufficiency 284, 292, 294–95, 297–99
  • intensity 85, 89–90, 92, 97
  • intensive 85, 294
  • internal syntax 127, 130–31
  • interro-negation 125, 129
  • intransitive
    • use 58, 60, 312
    • predication (verb) 38, 68, 197, 204–5, 209, 233
    • construction 49, 55
    • non-existential intransitive clause 21, 220–28, 230, 239
  • Inverse Locational Predication (ILP) 5, 10, 16–17, 34–37, 43–50, 61–62

K

  • kind-referring 253, 269, 274

L

  • lexicalization96
  • light noun 90–92
  • light verb 68–69
  • list-reading 7, 93, 97, 115, 168
  • localizing transitive construction188
  • locational-possessive construction 23, 42
  • locative construction 105, 121, 159
  • locative expression (or constituent) 6, 17, 27, 149, 153–55, 165, 167, 180, 182–85, 202 sq., 246
  • locative hypothesis 13, 22–23
  • locative inversion 2, 17–20, 183, 253, 267
  • locative paradigm 102, 105
  • locative particle 105, 108
  • locative source 103, 120, 123
  • locative-existential 304–5, 307–08, 312, 327, 338
  • locatum 145, 147–49, 160, 174
  • locus 145, 147, 158, 165, 208, 265
  • longitudinal quantity 236–40

M

  • manquer 284 sq., 294 sq.
  • mass noun 80, 88–90 sq., 200, 220–21 sq., 287–89
  • mental space343
  • metalinguistic negation 325, 335
  • middle-passive113
  • mono-argumentality115
  • monoclausal 247, 249–51, 263, 265
  • motion verb 3, 190, 196–97, 207, 246, 252

N

  • narrow focusSee focus
  • natural forces (or natural phenomena) 68–69, 71, 90
  • necessity 274, 294, 319
  • negation 25–27, 87, 89, 124, 224, 230, 284 sq., 301–5 sq., 325 sq.
    • descriptive vs. metalinguistic negation 325–31, 343 sq.
  • negation of existence 25, 298, 313, 325
  • negative
    • existential 25–27, 91, 284 sq., 292, 302 sq., 308, 325, 332–34, 339, 341–43
    • existential cycle25
    • prefix 328, 332, 334
    • sentence (or utterance, clause) 47, 79, 81–82, 87–88, 91–92, 94–95, 316, 321, 330–34
  • neutral sentence 198–200, 207
  • neutralization 5, 89, 116, 222, 267, 314
  • new entity 71, 114, 141, 153
  • new referent (or brand-new, hearer-new referent) 15, 21–22, 107, 109, 145–146, 151, 158–159, 181, 185, 201–2, 212, 207, 211–12, 250
  • nominal sentence 319–22
  • non affected patientSee affected patient
  • non-canonicity 2–3, 9–10, 16–17, 19–21, 24, 26
  • non-canonical syntax (or morphosyntax, construction) 3, 9, 10, 16, 19, 21, 27, 53, 70, 105, 213
  • non-cleft 23, 165–174
  • non-existential (form, clause, sentence, construction) 3, 19–21, 220–21, 224–26 sq.
  • non-topical 13–15, 19–20, 145–49, 164, 174, 186, 201, 252
  • non-universality 248, 268–69
  • non-verbal predication 29, 137, 177 See nominal sentence
  • norm 3, 56, 229, 284, 292, 294–95, 297
  • numeral 88–89, 92, 97, 247, 267, 297

O

  • Obligatory-Subject Languages111
  • obligatory vs. optional presence of locatives 187–88 sq., 202, 205
  • oblique-possessor 37, 39, 42, 51–57, 60, 62
  • onomasiological (approach, format, content, domain) 23, 102–6, 111–13, 116–18, 134
  • ontological 181, 189–90, 213
  • ontology 189, 192, 204, 208, 214
  • origo126
  • ownership 143–47

P

  • partition 250, 266, 269, 277, 296
  • partitive article 80, 83–87, 97 sq., 287
  • partitive case 18, 24, 221–25, 228–38, 241
  • partitive pronoun 107, 110
  • partitive reading 21, 24, 84, 181–82, 210–12, 221, 223–24, 231–32, 247, 254–57, 296
  • passive construction 83, 108, 130, 250
  • path 190, 228
    • natural path227
  • patient 53, 62, 68, 191–92, 239–40
  • perception 5, 117, 206, 313
  • perspectivization 10–11, 20, 34–35, 37, 43–44, 49, 227
  • pivot 3–6, 13–15, 18–22, 24–25, 140, 148–49, 160 sq., 250–53, 254 sq.
    • contrastive 169–71
    • definite 13–15, 81, 92 sq., 164–70, 247
    • generic 226, 255–56, 265, 268
    • quantified 251, 255–56
  • place holder109
  • Plain Locational Predication (PLP) 10, 16–17, 34–36, 38, 43–44, 227
  • pointing 123, 133–34
  • polarity
    • negative 80, 86–88, 298, 302–3, 308, 318–19
    • positive 81–83, 90, 95, 97, 285, 298, 302, 308 sq.
  • polyfunctionality (or multifunctionality, multifunctional) 3, 10–12, 25, 27, 275–76
  • possessee 34–35, 37–39 sq., 145, 147–48
  • possession 2, 5, 22–23, 35–37, 39–40, 45–46, 48, 51–54, 58, 60–62, 64–66, 112, 143–45, 147–49 sq.
  • possessive construction (or clause) 22, 28, 34, 36, 37–42, 44–46, 49 sq., 54 sq., 112, 304–5
  • possessor 34–39, 41, 44–46, 49–56, 58 sq., 147, 149, 288, 293, 295–97
    • genitive-possessor 39, 60
    • oblique-possessor 37, 39, 42, 51, 53 sq., 62
    • S-possessor38
  • posture verb 3, 17, 60, 194, 205–6, 246, 261
  • postverbal (argument, noun phrase, subject) 3, 19, 140, 149, 162, 184, 199, 203, 209–10, 221, 246, 252
  • precipitation 74–76
  • predicate
    • episodic 258, 270, 272
    • eventive 183–85
    • negative 285, 294
    • stative 60, 183–85, 190, 202
    • telic 184, 193
  • presence 1, 3, 9, 12, 35, 43, 70–71, 196, 214
  • presentational (or presentative) 3, 14–15, 70–71, 117–18, 122 sq., 132 sq., 141–43, 149–50, 154 sq., 162, 164, 171, 247, 249–50, 252, 311, 313, 316, 318
  • presupposition 326–27
  • preverb 205, 207–8, 303
  • preverbal subject 3, 19–21, 23–24, 182–85, 212–13, 251, 267–68
  • proform 3–4
  • pronoun
    • anaphoric 153, 156, 289, 333
    • correlative 108, 110
    • demonstrative 111, 132
    • expletiveSee expletive
    • locative 140, 142, 153, 155–56
    • oblique 107–8, 110
    • personal 14, 53, 107–9, 117, 128, 149, 289
  • prototype 223, 227, 231
  • proximal (vs. distal) 125–26
  • pseudo-relative clause 141–42, 149, 155, 162, 165, 168, 170–71, 174
  • punctual 84–85, 88, 234–36, 257, 260
  • pure existence 3, 11, 18, 119
  • pure existential 118 sq.
  • pure presentational 122 sq.

Q

  • quantification / quantificational 25, 96, 224, 237–38, 250, 270–73, 285, 290–91, 327
  • quantifier 81, 88–89, 91–92, 124, 228–33, 235–41, 243–44, 284, 291–92, 294
    • adverbial 88–89, 92, 97, 291–92
    • existential288
    • mass 220, 228–30, 233, 238
    • number 80, 88, 99, 224, 227–33, 238 sq.
  • quantitative analysis 88, 92
  • quantity 85, 89–90, 221, 224, 228–32, 235–41, 290–92, 294–99
  • quantity noun 89–90, 291

R

  • reality 274, 326, 343–44
  • reanalysis 6, 41, 53–56, 60, 312–13, 321
  • reductionism 102–3
  • reflexive-anticausative construction 113, 313
  • rhematic content 114, 131
  • rhematic location (or rhematic-locational) 12–13, 18, 43, 145–49, 151, 157–59, 165, 171, 172, 174
  • rhematic possession (or rhematic-possessive) 145, 147–49, 157, 159
  • rhetorical device 339–44

S

  • scope of negation 87, 89, 284, 292, 299, 328–29, 334–35, 343
  • Se argument 5, 11, 24, 220–22, 224 sq., 228–32, 233 sq.
  • semantic classes of eventualities 196–98, 213–14
  • semasiological (approach, content, format) 102–6, 107 sq., 117–18, 121, 134
  • semasiology 104 sq.
  • source construction 25, 40 sq., 54, 103–4, 111–13, 117–18, 120–21
  • space 43, 111, 115, 117–19, 157–58, 183, 185, 262 sq.
  • spatial deixis 111, 116–17
  • spatial dimension 23, 102–3, 111, 118, 123, 134
  • spatio-temporal (anchoring, localization, location, parameters, reference, setting) 6, 156, 172, 180–83, 202, 248, 258, 262–66
  • specialized construction 3, 9, 12 sq., 19–21, 27, 70, 97, 247 ; See also non-canonical
  • specific indefinite 15, 182, 200, 207
  • spoken corpus248
  • stage-level predicate 6, 119–21, 134, 247–48, 256–60, 270, 273, 275
  • stage topic183
  • state
    • ambient 23, 84–85, 88, 90, 97–98
    • mental208
  • state verb (stative verb or predicate) 111–12, 117, 183–85, 190, 194, 202, 206, 233, 235, 258
  • stative construction (or sentence) 112, 194, 203, 205, 207
  • storm 72–75, 77
  • stress 114, 205, 303
  • subject
    • agentive 213–14
    • inverted 52–53
    • postverbal 209–10
  • subject-verb agreement 45, 220–21, 225
  • subject-verb order (SV) 2–3, 20, 141, 175, 186, 251, 274–75
  • substance 74–77, 84–85, 88–89, 99, 224, 229
  • superlative92
  • suppletion 303–10, 313–15
  • support noun90
  • swarm-verbs 285, 288–90

T

  • telic (aspect, construction, event) 184, 193–96, 202–3, 205–9, 213–14
  • text cohesion109
  • thematic location 43, 145, 147–48, 152–53, 157, 159
  • thematic possession 145, 147–48, 157
  • thematic role 17, 181, 189, 191–92, 202, 204, 206
  • thematic hierarchy202
  • theme 192, 285–99
  • there be-ILP44See also Inverse Locational Predication (ILP)
  • thetic (construction, judgment, sentence, statement) 6, 11, 13, 16, 21, 24, 70, 98–99, 104, 106, 114, 132, 181 sq., 190, 202, 210 sq.
  • thetic/categorical distinction 11, 21, 24, 183, 210 sq.
  • theticity 12, 21, 132
  • topicality 11, 53–54, 62, 181–82, 210–12, 214
  • topicalization 53–56, 60, 182
  • topic group 202–4, 210–14
  • topic position 54–55, 198–205, 207, 209, 212
  • transfer verb117
  • transitive (clause, construction) 34–35, 41, 45, 49, 52–55, 58, 60, 71, 108, 187–88, 204–5, 291, 312
  • transitive verb 36, 39–40, 56, 58, 61–62, 128–30, 188, 195, 197, 202, 204–5, 211, 213, 250, 291, 312–13
  • transitivity spread71
  • transitivization 23, 37, 40–42, 51 sq., 62
  • truth conditions 26, 193, 251, 268, 328–30, 333–36

U

  • unaccusative verb 129–31, 206, 246, 262, 267, 291, 293
  • underlying locative structure 13, 22–23, 61–62
  • universality (semantic) 24, 267–69, 275
  • use-mention mix 330, 333, 335

V

  • variation in existential constructions 1–3, 8–9, 105
  • verbal modifier position (VM) 198–200, 203–6, 208–10, 212–14
  • viewpoint 11, 18, 20–21, 35, 222 ; See also external viewpoint
  • voilà 122–34

W

  • weak
    • definite 288, 290
    • indefinite 181–82, 288, 296
  • weather noun 68–69, 72–74, 76–80, 82–83, 87–90, 92–94, 97
  • weather verb 68–72, 77–78
  • world of words 336–39, 343
Published online: 5 July 2023
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https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.76.index