The Pronunciation of German ch as Velar or Palatal from 1784 to 1841
Throughout most of the eighteenth-century, grammarians believed that
ch in German words like
Macht ‘power’ and
Licht ‘light’ had only one place of articulation. In the final quarter of
that century three studies discovered that
ch in such words represented two places of articulation corresponding
to what modern-day linguists call ‘velar’ and ‘palatal’ (
Mäzke 1776;
Hemmer 1776;
Fränklin 1778). The present
article concentrates on the years following those three works. While the most widespread claim was that
ch
represented only one place of articulation, a number of scholars continued in the tradition of Mäzke, Hemmer, and Fränklin by
recognizing that
ch had more than one place of articulation. The purpose of this article is to document those
innovative studies and to assess their understanding of the phonetics and phonology of German
ch.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The German data
- 3.Categorization of the primary sources
- 4.
One place of articulation for German ch (=Category A)
- 5.
Two places of articulation for German ch (=Category B)
- 5.1George Henry Noehden
- 5.2William Render
- 5.3Charles Follen
- 5.4Wilhelm Orlando Gortzitza
- 6.
Two places of articulation for German ch (= Category C)
- 6.1Karl Philipp Moritz
- 6.2Wolfgang von Kempelen
- 6.3Gottfried August Bürger
- 6.4Max Wilhelm Götzinger
- 6.5Karl Moritz Rapp
- 7.Summary and discussion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
- Abbreviations
-
References