Wincenty Lutosławski (1863–1954)
Philosophe, helléniste ou fondateur sous-estimé de la stylométrie?
La stylométrie est une branche de la linguistique qui se donne pour objet la description quantitative des particularités stylistiques des textes. Dans certains cas, cette description permet, entre autres, d’identifier les auteurs de textes anonymes et de déterminer la chronologie des textes d’un auteur sur la base de leurs traits stylistiques. En analysant le parcours historique de la stylométrie, il serait difficile de nommer l’auteur qui, par ses travaux, aurait donné l’impact décisif à son développement. La lecture des monographies qui décrivent l’histoire de la stylométrie prouve que la plupart des auteurs utilisent les données historiques de manière sélective, en distinguant certains chercheurs et et en demeurant muet sur d’autres. Wincenty Lutosławski (1863–1954) est un bon exemple de chercheur oublié (ou du moins sous-estimé) par les chercheurs contemporains. C’est pourtant lui qui, à la fin du XIXe siècle, a inventé le terme de ‘stylométrie’ et a défini les principes de cette ‘nouvelle science’. Dans notre article, nous présentons et discutons les points suivants : l’importance de la chronologie pour l’interprétation de la philosophie platonicienne, la définition de l’objet de la stylométrie, les chronologies platoniciennes les plus importantes, la description et l’évaluation de l’apport de Lutosławski au développement de la méthode stylométrique, et l’origine de la stylométrie. En conclusion, nous essayons de redéfinir la place occupée par Lutosławski dans l’histoire des sciences du langage.
Article language: French
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