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Part of
Handbook of Terminology: Volume 2. Terminology in the Arab world
Edited by Abied Alsulaiman and Ahmed Allaithy
[
Handbook of Terminology
2] 2019
► pp.
259
–
268
◄
previous
next
►
Index
A
A fortiori
150
A Short History of Linguistics
9
A‛lām Al-nisā’ (‘Famous Women’)
9
Abbreviations
66, 87–89, 104, 114, 127
Abd Al-Nabī Bin ‛Abd Al-Rasūl Al-Aḥmednakrī Al-Hindi
26
Abdulhadi Boutaleb
20
Abdullah Ibn Abī Isḥāq (about 648–735)
Abu ‛Alī Al-Qālī (893–967)
Abu Al-’Aswad Al-Du’alī (about 603–688)
Abu Al-Baqā’ Al-Kafawī
26
Abu Za‛bal medical school
124
Abundance of synonyms
33, 71
Abundance of terms
34
Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo
14–16, 18, 22
Academy’s annual conference
123
Academy’s decisions
122
Acceptability conditions
55
Acceptability criteria
131
Accuracy
34, 48, 51, 123, 131, 155, 200, 222
Acronyms
66, 87–89, 104, 111, 114, 134
Acronymy
113
Ad hoc testing
222
Adequacy
41, 46, 50
Adjectives
167, 221, 228, 246
Advocate
39, 144
Aesthetic Criteria
54
Affixes
13, 46, 72, 111, 114, 122
Agent
74–75, 95, 113, 119, 142–143, 165
Agreement
16, 32, 42, 56, 117, 132, 148, 150, 160, 184, 197, 210, 221
Ahl al-‛irfan (Sufi Gnostics)
201
Ahl al-Bayān
188
Ahl al-ḏawq (people of taste)
182
Ahmed Hamdi Al-Khayyat
119, 121
Air-tight kind of negation
167
Al-iṣṭilāḥiyah
147
Al-‛Ayn
4, 10, 12, 16–19
Al-‛Aql al-Kullī (Universal Mind)
202
Al-Azharī (893–981)
12
Al-bāri‛
12
Al-dirāsah al-iṣṭilāḥiyah
147
ALECSO’s dictionary
18
Al-Fārābī (Alpharabius)
30
Al-Farāhīdī
4, 10–13, 16–17, 19
Al-Fayrūzabādī (1329–1414)
11, 14
Al-Fuhūm,
182
Al-ğabr wa Al-muqābala (‘The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing’)
25
‛Ali ibn ‛Abbās
133
‛Alī Ibn Abī Ṭālib
15
Al-Hadith
205
Al-̱Halīl Ibn Aḥmed Al-Farāhidī (718–786)
4, 10–13, 16–17, 19
Al-Ḥallāğ
185, 197, 200, 207–209, 212
Al-Hamzaoui
70, 72
Al-̱Hawārizmī
25–26
Alignment tools
111
Al-Ğāsūs ‛alā Al-qāmūs
Al-Jawharī
13
Al-kalām
25, 242, 248–249
Al-Kašf (discovery or unveiling)
197
Al-Kindī (Alkindus)
Al-kulliyāt
26
Allusive style
193
Al-Ma’mūn
2, 23
Al-Manhal
59, 62
Al-maqāyīs
14
Al-mawrid
27, 115
Al-mu‛ğam Al-‛arabī Al-asāsī (‘The Basic Arabic dictionary’)
Al-mu‛ğam Al-kabīr (‘The Enlarged Dictionary’)
14, 18
Al-mu‛ğam Al-wasīṭ (‘The Intermediate Dictionary’)
15–16, 18
Al-mubīn fi Šarḥ Alfāẓ Al-ḥukamā’ wa Al-mutakalimīn (‘The Clear Book on Explaining the Terminology of Philosophers and Theologists’)
Al-mubīn
25
Al-muğmal
14
Al-muḥkam
12, 21
Al-munğid
14, 18, 27, 62
al-munğid fī al-luġa al-‛arabiyya al-mu‛āṣira dictionary
62
Al-Murīb
191
Al-nahḍa Al-‛arabiyya (‘The Arab awakening or renaissance’)
27
Al-Noqtah (point)
Alphabetical arrangement
7, 14, 25
Al-Qāli (893–967)
16
Al-qāmūs (‘The Ocean’)
11, 14
Al-qānūn fī Al-ṭib
24
Al-Rāzī
17
Al-Šarīf Al-Jurjānī
26
Al-Šidyāq
18
Al-ṣiḥāḥ
11, 13, 18–21
Al-Ṯa‛ālibī (961–1083)
8
Al-ta‛rīfāt (‘The Definitions’)
26
Al-tahdīb fi al-luġa
12
Al-Zamahšarī (1075–1143)
14
Al-Ẓulma al-Kawniyya
Amadou Tydiani Diallo
62
Ambiguity
5, 44, 47, 51, 89, 91–92, 129, 139, 148–150, 153, 181, 193
American Psychiatric Association
92
American University
1, 27, 61, 119–120, 133, 255
Amin Ma’alouf
119
Analogy
42, 66, 86, 88, 120, 122, 124, 170, 239
Anastās Marī Al-Karmalī (1866–1947)
14
Anatomical nomenclature
89, 91, 98, 132–133
Ancillary Relief
150
André Roman
68, 77
An-Nafs al-Kulliyya (the Universal Self)
202
An-naḥt
113–114
Annexation
128
Anwār
189
Applicability
49
Approach-oriented problem
73
Appropriateness
41, 128
Aqrab Al-mawārid
14
Arab Center for Authorship and Translation of Health Sciences (ACMLS)
125
Arab Center for the Arabization of Health Sciences (ACMLS)
110
Arab Center for Translation, and Arabization and Publishing (ACATAP)
110
Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO)
16, 28, 125
Arab Medical Institute in Damascus
122
Arab Medical Union
110, 132
Arab Organization for Education, Culture and Science
123, 125
Arab Organization for Translation
75, 125
Arabic culture
9, 21, 255
Arabic Dictionaries
7–8, 12, 14–16, 18–19, 22, 27, 62, 119, 133, 247
Arabic general dictionaries
60
Arabic grammar
3, 8–9, 17, 69, 166, 228, 239, 241, 243–244, 250, 256
Arabic language academies
27, 42, 45, 48, 110–111, 117, 120–121, 123, 130, 133, 244
Arabic Language Academy
39, 44, 114, 119–123, 126–127, 133
Arabic legal system
141
Arabic legal terminologists
5, 139, 152
Arabic legal translators
141–142, 144, 151
Arabic letters
10, 23
Arabic lexicographical tradition
10, 18, 27, 60, 64
Arabic Lexicography
3–4, 7–8, 10, 13, 19–22, 26, 28, 34, 256
Arabic linguistic heritage
49, 53, 55, 111–112, 128
Arabic monolingual dictionaries
59
Arabic Poetry
10
Arabic Rhetoric
155, 158
Arabic Scientific Academy
39, 121
Arabic Syntax
155, 169
Arabic Terminology
8, 26, 28, 31, 35–36, 39, 42, 49, 56, 64, 68–69, 71–73, 77, 109, 111, 120, 122, 139, 231, 256
Arabic version of Skype
218–219, 226, 231
Arabic
1–24, 26–28, 31–51, 53–56, 59–78, 84, 104, 109–130, 132–135, 139–144, 147–149, 151–153, 155, 158–162, 165–171, 184, 194, 199–202, 204, 206, 215, 217–219, 221, 223–231, 235–251, 255–258
Arabization Coordination Bureau
141
Arabization of software
221
Arabization
28, 31, 35, 38, 40–45, 50, 55–56, 110, 114–115, 117, 123–127, 130, 133, 141, 221, 237, 256
Arabized Skype
217
Arabized
36, 54–55, 114, 124, 126–129, 217, 228, 231
Arabīzī
251
Arbāb al-’aḥwāl
188, 190, 209
Archaic words
11, 44, 148–149
Archi-criterion
49
Aristotle’s approach of definition
24
Arrazi
133
Article
6, 16, 31, 34, 44, 46, 109, 120, 122, 142–143, 151, 165, 181, 217–219, 235–236, 243, 245, 248, 251
Asās Al-balāġa (‘The Basis of Rhetoric’)
16
Ascendants
143
‛Aṣr al-iḥtiğāğ
20
Asrār
188, 193
Assets
143
Association
41, 92, 128, 188, 240, 243, 257
Assurance
4, 31, 135, 218, 222
‛Aṭṭār
13
Attorney
144
Attributes of God
157, 162
August Fischer
22
Aulus Cornelius Celsus
’Awzān Al-̱Halīl (‘Al-̱Halīl’s Meters’)
16
B
Back-up documents
148
Barolicci
89
Barrister
144
Bartolomeo Eustachi
92
Bayt Al-ḥikma (‘House of Wisdom’)
23
BCAAW
31, 33, 37, 40, 42, 45–47, 53
Ben Mrad
61, 70
Bench Warrant
150
Benveniste
73
Bilingual dictionaries
27, 59–60, 62
Bilingual readers
77
Biliteral
11–12, 14
Binary files
221
Bi-univocity
37, 52, 127
Blending
35–36, 40–41, 43–44, 111, 113, 122, 127–129, 133, 197
Bloomfield
73
Borrowing
23, 43, 49, 62, 65, 111, 128, 151–153
Brevity
131
Bug report
223
Bureau for the Coordination of Arabization in the Arab World (BCAAW)
31
Butrus Al-Bustānī (1819–1883)
14, 27
C
Calques
35, 73
CD Jackets
218
Cellular connection
224
CEN/TC 251
83, 97–98
Central authority
39
Cessation court
142–143
Change in meaning
87
Characters
77, 112, 114, 124, 131, 134, 189
Christian Scripture
164
Civil Law
144
Clairville’s Multilingual Medical Dictionary
110, 119–121
Clarity
5, 50–51, 114, 131, 152, 181, 184, 211, 241
Clinical terminology
89, 92–94
Cloning
143
Code
94, 101, 142–143, 195, 220–221, 224, 231, 250–251
Coding systems
83, 90, 98, 105
Cohesion
48
College of American Pathologists
94
College ter Beoordeling van Geneesmiddelen (CBG)
103
Common law system
141
Common methodology
121
Competing terms
32–33
Complementarity
48–49
Complex chaos
118
Compliance
86, 98, 101, 103
Compounding
24, 36, 43, 111, 113, 122, 127, 133
Computational corpus linguistics
15
Computer-aided analysis of large corpora
78
Computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools
221
Computerized text corpora
7
Concept
3–4, 32–33, 35, 37–38, 52, 59, 64, 68–73, 76, 78, 83, 88–90, 92, 94–95, 104–106, 109, 112–113, 116–117, 120, 127–129, 131, 133, 135, 140–141, 148, 151–152, 155, 158, 161–162, 164, 183, 186–187, 191–192, 197, 202–204, 208–210, 219, 222, 228, 230–231, 239–240, 242–243, 247, 256
Concept-one term
33, 37–38, 89
Conceptual arrangement
25
Conceptual metaphor
157
Conceptual series
78
Conceptual tree structure
78
Conceptualisation
62
Concision
46–47, 50–51
Connotation
124, 165, 197, 250
Consistency
33, 41, 46, 52, 89, 104, 106, 131, 199, 222
Consonant
13, 17, 66–67, 77
Contact
21, 113, 225–226, 228, 243
Contract
142–143, 148, 203
Controlled vocabularies
83, 90
Core sense
112
Corel Alchemy Catalyst
222
Corpora
7, 10, 15, 78, 111, 201, 256
Corpus-based data
65
Corpus-based research studies
78
Cosmetic bugs
217, 222–223, 231
Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences
92
Counsel
144
Counsellor
144
Court systems
145–147
Creation of new roots
66
Credibility
48, 53, 116
Criteria for term evaluation
39, 46
Cryptology
10
Cultural allusions
78
Cultural transfer
142
Culturally-specific terms
142
D
Dāriğa
247, 249, 251
Dasātīr
163
Decisions
38, 42–43, 45, 56, 71, 94, 110, 114–115, 117, 121–123, 126, 133, 150
Deconstructive approach
182, 192, 210
Definition
23–24, 44, 71, 90, 100–101, 149–150, 203–204, 230, 248
Derivation
35–36, 40–41, 43–44, 50, 66–67, 69, 111–113, 122, 124, 126–129, 133
Derivational
46–47, 52, 52, 55, 36, 230
Derivatives
12, 14–15, 23, 41–42, 46, 52
Descendants
143
Descriptive dictionary
19
Desktop publishing applications
111
Detailed simile
168
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
92
Dialectal varieties
34
Dialects
19–20, 35, 54, 96, 122, 128, 140, 152, 239, 244, 247, 249
Dialog boxes
220–221, 225
Dictionary of Agricultural Terms
119
Dictionary of Linguistic Terms English – Arabic
Dictionary of the English Language
18, 37
Dictionnaire de la linguistique, Georges Mounin
72
Diglossia
25
Dilation
69
Direct translation
62, 76
Dissimilar legal systems
142
District Court
144–146
Diversity
2, 32, 56, 87, 115–116, 142, 144–145, 193, 198, 210–211, 237, 244–245, 251
Divine
181, 188, 190
Documentation
92, 135, 219, 221–222
Doha Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language in Qatar
8
Domestication
151–153, 218
Dustūr Al-‘ulamā’ (‘The Scholars’ Consitution’)
26
E
Economy
11, 18–19, 44, 50–51
Edward Lane
22
Effectiveness
49, 92, 119, 218
Electronic health record
94–95, 97
Emphatic devices
160, 167
Encyclopedic dictionary
13, 18, 26–27
English legal system
141
Entries
4, 7, 10–15, 17–18, 20–21, 23, 27, 42, 59–60, 62, 119, 132, 248
Eponyms
87–89, 91–93, 104, 129
Equivalency
144, 151
Equivalent
218, 230, 218
Etymology
69, 93, 228
European Medicines Agency (EMA)
99
Evaluation framework,
45
Explicitation
83, 100–101, 103–104, 188
F
Faber’s famous Medical Dictionary
118
Familiarity
53, 55, 145, 148
Faṣīḥ/faṣāḥā.fuṣḥā
243
Federation of the Arabic Academies
28
Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology
91
Feedback
123, 130
Fī ḥudūd Al-ašyiā’ wa Rusūmihā (‘On the Definition and Description of Things’)
Fiqh (‘Islamic Jurisprudence’)
26
Flexion
238, 242–243
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
125
Forbis
89
Foreign
60, 140
Foreign terms
32, 34, 39, 41, 43–44, 53, 59–61, 65, 75, 77, 113, 123, 128–129, 133
Foreignization
151
Formal equivalence
151, 153
Fragment (šaḏara)
181
Frequency
15–16, 51
Front mutation
69
Fully specified name
95
Functional bugs
222–223
Functional equivalence
151
Functionality testing
222
G
Ğamharat Al-luġa
18
Gemination
113
General terminological dictionaries
23, 25–27
Georg Wilhelm Freytag
22
George Post
119
Global Arab Program
110
Globalization
63, 218–219, 257
Gnostic
181–182
Grammar
2–3, 7–10, 17, 19–20, 26, 42, 61, 69, 71, 91, 158, 166, 222, 228, 237, 239, 241–244, 250, 256–257
Grammatical
10, 17, 68
Greek models
9
Guarantor
142–143
Gutturals
10
H
Hadith as a source of linguistic evidence
122
Ḥāl
197, 212
Hans Wehr
22, 48, 248
Harmonization
47, 56, 115
Harūn Al-Rašīd
23
Health and medical terminology
5, 109, 111, 115–118, 120–126, 130, 135
Help files
218, 221–222
Heritage
27, 34–35, 37, 41, 43–44, 49, 53, 55, 60, 111–112, 115–116, 128, 135, 195–196, 200, 204, 206, 211–212, 255
Ḥiğāb (veil)
197
High Court
144–145
Hindu Scripture
162
Historical order
15–16
Hitti’s Medical Dictionary
120
Hjelmslev
73
Hofstede
99, 101
Homonymy
36, 50, 70, 72, 116, 192
Homophony
24
Hotkeys
220, 222, 225–227
House of Wisdom
2, 23, 124
Human knowledge
32
Hypercorrection
114
Hyperlexia
114
Hypernasality
114
I
Ibn Duraid (873–933)
12–13, 19–20
Ibn Fāris
14
Ibn Jinnī, 81
Ibn Manẓūr (1232–1311)
13, 21
Ibn Sīda (1007–1066)
Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna)
133, 200, 216
Ibrahīm Al-Fārābī (died 961)
13
Ibrahim al-Yaziji
119
Icon
181, 186
Idealization of European terminology
71
Ideology (language ideology)
241
Ihwān Al-ṣafā’s monograph (‘Purity Brotherhood’)
Illogicality
150
‘Ilm al-iṣṭilāḥ
147
ʿIlm al-ḥurūf (science of letters)
198
‘Ilm al-muṣṭalaḥāt
147
‘Ilm al-muṣṭalaḥiyyah
147
ʿIlm al-Qulūb (the science of hearts)
202
ʿIlm al-Taqlīb (the science of transformation)
202
Inappropriate
71, 77
Incentives
46, 53
Incoherence
150
Inconsistent translations
145
Indefinite noun
166–167
Index of the Holy Quran
122
Indexing
83, 96, 112
Indirect translation
61
Individual self (al-dāt al-fardiyya)
181
Industrial standards
31, 47
Information science
15
Innovators
49
Instance
9, 33, 35, 37–39, 43, 47, 52, 55, 64, 71, 90, 98, 102, 113–114, 118–119, 121, 123, 146, 186, 220–221, 225–226, 228, 231, 242, 249–250
Institute for Terminological Studies
124
Institutionalized
110, 135
Instrument
113, 119, 168–170
Intercultural
99, 255
Interlinear rendering
165
Interlingual translation
83, 98, 105
Internal terminological consistency
33
International Classification of Diseases
83, 93
International Decimal Classification of terms
128
International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
91
International Nomenclature of Diseases
92
International Nomina Anatomica
91
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
47, 97, 135
International users
217
Internationalization
219
Interoperability
96–97, 105
Interpretation
96, 98, 150, 167–168, 184–185, 189, 193–195, 198–199, 210–211
Intertextual references
78
Intralingual translation
83, 99, 105–106
Intra-lingual
35
Intrinsic features
9
Introduction au problème terminologique
72
Invoice
148
Iʻrāb
237–238, 240–243
Iṣlaḥ Al-manṭiq
Islam
1, 7–9, 20, 22–23, 155–156, 162, 164, 174, 201, 203, 212, 256
Islamic
140, 156, 157, 164
ISO 1087-1
95
ISO 704
95
ISO standards
31
ISO/TC 215
97
J
Jacobus Golius
22
Jakobson
73
Jargon words
87–88, 104
Jesuit Faculty of Medicine
119
Jewish Scripture
163
Jonathan Keller
195
Journal of the Arab Institute of Medicine
120
Journal of the Arab Medical Institute
121–122
Journal of the University of Damascus
120
Journals of the Arabic Language Academies
120
Judaism
163
Justice of the Peace Courts
145
K
Kalām
2, 25, 239–242, 247–249
Kaššaf iṣṭilāḥāt Al-funūn wa Al-‛ulūm (‘Glossary of professional and Scientific Terminology’)
26
King Abdulla bin Abdul Aziz Arab Health Encyclopedia (KAAHE)
125
Kitāb Al-ḥurūf (Book of Letters)
24
Kuwaiti Foundation for Scientific Advancement (KFAS)
125
L
Labials
10
Lack of uniformity
5, 139, 141–142, 153
Lahğa
237–238, 240, 247, 249
Laḥn
238
Language academies
4, 27, 31–32, 34, 41–42, 45, 48, 110–111, 114, 117, 120–121, 123–125, 127, 130, 133, 139, 244
Language for Specific Purposes (LSP)
83, 98
Language planning
116, 231
Latin
3–4, 9, 22–25, 39, 61, 72, 77, 84–87, 91–93, 101–105, 119, 129, 133–134, 200–201, 226, 250–251
Law
2, 63, 110, 139–141, 144–145, 148–151, 153
Lawyer
144
Lay term
100, 102–103
Lay-friendliness
83, 98, 101, 103
Legal language
5, 139, 143, 148–150, 152–153
Legal system
5, 141, 144–145, 148–151, 153
Legal terminology
45, 139–140, 142, 144–145, 148, 150, 153, 255–256
Legal translators
139–142, 144–145, 148–149, 151, 153
Legalese
150
Legislative bodies
147–148
Lexical
45, 114, 60
Lexicographer
4, 9, 12, 14–15, 18, 32, 35, 59, 62–65
Liabilities
142–143
Library of heritage terms
112
Libyan Academy
124
Lingua franca
84, 86, 104–105
Linguistic
219, 42, 218, 223, 217
Linguistics
7, 9–10, 14–15, 23, 26, 31, 33, 35, 37, 46, 54, 68–69, 71, 74, 83, 90, 105, 237, 242, 255–258
Linguists
5, 7–10, 16, 20, 39, 43, 48, 113–116, 122, 126, 132, 155, 165, 170, 231, 257
Lisān Al-‛arab (‘The Arabs’ Language’)
13
Lists of health and medical terms
123
Literal
151, 156, 53, 75, 111, 129, 148, 152, 156, 169, 227, 230
Loan translation
35, 55
Localization
5, 217–224, 230–231
Localized software product
219
Localizer
5, 217–218, 220, 224–226, 228, 230
Louis Ma‛lūf
14, 27
LTT (Lexicology, Terminology, Translation) network
62
Luġa
8, 12, 21, 40, 54, 62, 192, 230, 237–240, 245–249
M
Made-up words
87–88
Madhal
64
Mafātīḥ Al-culūm (‘Keys of Sciences’)
26
Manageability
46
Manner
88, 113, 118, 221, 238
Manual corpus
7
Maqām
191, 197, 211–212
Marouzeau
73
Marriage contract
142–143
Massignon
5, 181–182, 198–209, 212, 215
Mathematics
2, 10, 23, 26, 86
Mawsū‛at Al-muṣṭalaḥ fī Al-turā̱t Al-‛arabī: Al-dinī, Al-‛ilmī, Al-’adabī (‘Encyclopedia of Terminology in Arabic Heritage: Religious, Scientific and Literary’)
27
Maximally distinct
50
Meaning
5, 8–9, 14–15, 19, 23–24, 35, 41, 44, 46, 51–52, 65, 73, 76–77, 87, 89, 94–95, 112–113, 128–129, 133, 148–149, 151–153, 155–156, 158–161, 164–169, 172, 181–182, 184–188, 192, 194, 198, 200, 202–204, 208, 210–211, 228, 236–242, 245–247, 249
Medical
83, 85–88, 90, 105
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)
103
Medline
83, 96–97
Menus
220–221, 225
Metaphor
65, 111, 113, 157, 181, 187, 191
Metathesaurus
96
Methodology
5, 9, 23, 39–41, 44–46, 48, 110, 112, 117–118, 120–123, 125–126, 128, 132–133, 135, 155, 200–201, 203, 209, 212
Metrical system
10
Mind
3, 11, 157, 160, 164, 181–184, 189, 201–205, 243
Minister of Labor
142–143
Ministries of Education
123–124
Mistranslation
144, 222
Modern computational corpus linguistics
10, 15, 71, 242
Mold
112
Monographs
7, 10, 20, 25
Mono-hierarchical classification
93
Monolingual Arabic reader
77
Mononymy
91–92
Monosemy
37–38, 52, 91–92, 131
Monotheistic
163
Moroccan Royal Academy
124
Morphemes
72, 85, 165, 168
Morphological
46, 112, 114, 119, 127, 131, 122
Morphology
17, 65, 95, 230
Morphosemantheme
51, 127
Mounin
72–73
Mu‛ğam Al-aġlāṭ Al-luġawiya Al-mu‛āṣira (‘Dictionary of Contemporary Language Mistakes’)
21
Mu‛ğam Tașḥīḥ Luġat Al-’i‛lām (‘Dictionary for Correcting the Media Language’)
21
Muhammad Kurd Ali
121
Muḥīṭ Al-muḥīṭ
20
Muhsin Mahdi
24
Mu̱htār Al-ṣiḥāḥ
19
Multi-axial terminology
95
Multi-hierarchical terminology
Multilingual environment
117
Multiplicity
33, 35, 113, 116, 133, 140–141, 147, 183, 192, 195, 198, 211
Multi-stage methodology
123
Munir Baalabaki
27
Murīd
191
Murshid Khattir
110, 119, 121
Mūsā Alī Hilmī
124
Music
10, 26, 210–211
Muslim theology
139
Mustafa Shihabi
109, 116, 119, 121
Muṣṭalaḥiyyah (terminography)
76
N
Nahḍa or ‘renaissance’
61
Naḥw al-Qulūb and Naḥw al-Luġa.
Naḥw
74, 192, 237–240, 242, 247
Napoleonic law
140
National Library of Medicine
96–97
National medical languages
85
Negation agent
165
Neoclassical compounds
84–85
Neologisms
4–5, 41, 53, 55, 65–67, 69, 72–73, 104, 111, 131, 135, 202, 230
Neologization
36, 110, 115, 120, 133
Network for the Arabization of the Medical Sciences
115
New Testament
164
Nomenclature of Diseases
92, 109
Nomina Anatomica
91, 93
Nominal sentence
159–161, 165–167
Nominalization
66, 150
Non-lexical items
18
Non-motivated synonyms
32
Normal alphabetical order with root permutation
7, 12
Normal alphabetical order
7, 12
Normalization
37, 97
Nosological nomenclature
91
Noun of instrument
119
O
Objectivity
131
Obsolete
13, 24, 43–44
One concept-one term (the univocity principle)
33
One-to-one correspondence
74
One-to-one relation between concept and term
4, 59, 89
Onomasiological approach
73
Onomasiology
70, 230
Onomatopoeic words
53
Optical character recognition
111
Organizational
39
Organized terminology
78
Orientalism
22, 256
Orientalist approaches
5, 182
Orthography
122
Over-interpretation
195
Overlapping terms
70
P
Pantheism
162
Parallel texts
148
Paraphrasing
43, 151–153
Paronomasia
69
Partial agreement
32
Participle
113, 249
Passolo
222
Pathological terminologies
92
Patient information leaflets
98, 100
Pen
8, 25, 198, 204
Penal code
142–143
People of Rusūm or people of the Ġirra (i.e. Absent-mindedness)
184
Perfect Man (in the Sufi sense)
191
Performative verb
64
Perot
118
Phoneme
16, 50, 65, 71, 241–242
Phonetic or phonemic transcription
16
Phonetics of Arabic
12
Phonic difference
158
Phonological constraints
10, 11, 12, 16, 50, 140
Phonologically-based alphabet
12
Phonotactic rules
50
Phonotactical constraints
114
Phraseology
153
Place
2, 21, 56, 66, 113–114, 118, 127, 140, 166–167, 171, 208, 241, 244, 250
Points of articulation
10
Political decisions
38, 115, 123
Polysemous
15, 31, 133
Polysemy
32–33, 35–36, 44, 52, 69–70, 72, 74–75, 77, 148, 153, 181
Power of attorney
144
Predetermined Arabic equivalents
77
Predicate
161, 166, 168
Pre-established bilingual lists
76
Preference
41, 49, 117–118
Prefixes
72, 85, 92, 114, 133–134
Prepositional phrase
166
Prescriptive approach
55
Preserved Tablet
204
Prestige
3, 53
Privacy
97, 228
Privatization
143
Proactive
48
Processes of Arabic word formation
36
Productive
36, 42, 46, 171, 210, 235
Productivity
41–42, 50, 52, 111, 127, 131
Program debugging
223
Programmer
217, 219
Programming languages
217
Programs
115, 130, 217, 220–221, 223, 225
Project management team
223
Prophet’s sayings and teachings
20
Pseudo-synonyms
33, 128
Psycho-terminological criteria.
53
Pun
69, 194
Purists
40, 49
Puzzle
188
Q
Qasr al-‛Aynī School of Medicine
Qaṭr Al-muḥīṭ
33
Quadriliteral
11–12
Quality
4, 31, 222, 218
Quinquiliteral
11–12
Qur’anic exegesis
171
Qur’anic terminology
5, 155
R
Radiation
143
Radical
3, 13–14, 209, 242
Ramzi Baalbaki
68
Rasā’il I̱hwān Al-ṣafā’ (‘Monographs of Purity Brotherhood’)
25
RC-wintrans
222
Readability
99, 101
Recognizable concepts
32
Recurrence
46
Reference works for eponyms
89
Referent
66, 157–158
Register
5, 98, 103–105, 153, 243
Regularity
46, 124, 127
Reinhart Dozy
22
Related fields
3, 33, 52, 116, 125
Religious texts
156
Repetition
126, 148–149
Research Centre for Translation and Terminology in Lyon
68
Revue de la Lexicologie
70
Rhetoric
16, 155, 158, 169, 171, 238, 255
Rhetorical elements
78
Rhyme order
7, 13
Rhymed prose
1, 13, 243
Risālat Al-ḥudūd wa Al-rusūm (‘Monograph of Definitions and Descriptions’)
25
Risālat Al-ḥudūd
24–25
Robin (1967, 99)
9
Root
4, 7, 10–14, 21, 23, 25, 53, 66–67, 73, 112–113, 129, 131, 240, 242, 250
Root arrangement
11–13, 23, 25
Root permutation
7, 12–13
S
Said Al-Šartūnī (1849–1912)
14
Salahuddin Al-Kawakibi
110, 119, 121
Sālik
182, 184, 188, 191–193, 203, 209, 211
Šams al-’Uḥadiya
191
Samuel Johnson
18
Ṣawn al-Asrār (secrecy of mysteries)
193
Sayf Al-Dīn Al-’Āmidī
25
School of linguistic theory of Basrah
10
Science of Secrets
189
Science popularization
83, 98, 100–101, 103, 105–106, 203
Scientific and technical terminology
38–39, 59, 68, 118
Scientific term
100–103
Scripts
148, 222, 250
Scriptural language
139
Secundum comparatum or vehicle
168
Semantic
36, 40–41, 43–44, 53, 65, 59, 88, 111, 113, 126, 128, 133, 182, 192, 195
Semantics
9, 15, 35, 70, 155, 158, 171, 182, 256–257
Semasiological approach
73, 230
Semasiology
70, 230
Semi-direct translation
62
Semiotics
33, 70, 189
Semitic religions
Senses
7, 15–16, 183, 187, 200, 203, 205
Sentence structure
158, 166
Sharaf’s Medical Dictionary
110
Sharia
2, 140–141, 144, 146, 182, 189, 204, 208
Shortage of scientific and technical vocabulary
34
Sībawaih (765–796)
10
Sign in
230
Sign out
228, 230
Sign vs. expression
182
Signal
181–182, 187–188
Signals
185, 187, 189–190, 193, 210
Signified
231
Signifier
73, 231
Signs
93, 181, 184, 186, 189–190, 211, 231
Sikh Scripture
163
Sikhism
163
Similarity
41, 113, 128, 160, 166, 168, 171, 195
Simile
168–170, 172, 187
Simon Stevin
85
Simple chaos
117
Simple terminological units
65–66
Simplicity
49, 51, 114
Single and compound words
36
Single terms
44, 127–128
Singular approach
55
Singularity of composition
47
Skype user
226
Slang
87–88, 104
Snobbism
53
Sociolects
87
Sociolinguistic factors
36
Socio-terminological Criteria
53
Software localization
5, 217–219, 221–224, 230–231
Software product
217–219
Software testing
218, 222–223
Software user
220–221
Solicitor
144
Sound
9, 44, 50, 53–54, 71, 112, 117, 158, 195, 229, 231, 241
Source code
220–221
Source language
35, 59–60, 69, 78, 123, 130, 140–142, 147, 151–153, 156, 171, 217, 224, 228
Source text (ST)
156
Special dictionaries
23
Specialists
4, 25, 32, 34, 38, 48, 56, 60, 64, 70, 98, 111–112, 114, 128–129, 149, 217, 231
Specialized dictionaries
4, 12, 70, 115, 149, 256
Specialized terminology committees
110
Specificity
46–47, 52, 209
Speech variation
160
Spell checkers
111
Spirit
178, 181, 191, 196, 201, 203–204
Standard Arabic
19–20, 242, 249–250
Standard
19–20, 34, 37, 48, 55, 63, 91–92, 104, 152, 236–238, 242, 249–250
Standardization
4–5, 28, 31–32, 34, 36–40, 45–47, 49, 55–56, 69, 83, 97, 105, 109–110, 115–116, 118, 120–121, 127, 129, 135, 139, 183, 237, 245
Stem
86, 112–113
String tables
220
Structural characteristics
9
Structure
5, 9, 20, 78, 89, 91, 95, 99, 131, 144–145, 151–152, 155–156, 158–160, 165–166, 168, 171–172, 228, 240, 257
Sub-entries
7, 14–15
Sub-languages
143
Subtleties
185, 188, 250
Sudanese Academy
124
Suffixes
72, 92, 114, 133–134
Sufi discourse
181, 184–186, 189, 192–193, 210
Sufi
5, 31, 181–201, 203, 205–212, 216
Sufi Order
181
Suitability
46
Summary of Product Characteristics document (smpc)
Sunni
165
Supreme Council of the Arabic language
124
Supreme Court
144–146
Sūqiyya
225
Symbolic and terminological dimensions
181
Symbolism
5, 181, 183, 187–188, 190, 193, 197–198, 209–210, 212
Symbolization
184, 210
Symbols
5, 24, 130, 134, 181–186, 188–198, 207, 209–212
Synchrony
68
Synonymous terms
32, 35–36, 120, 133
Synonymy
35–36, 39, 52, 68, 72, 74–75, 89, 116–117, 133, 153, 188, 245
Syntactic
51, 158
Syntax
9, 65, 75, 86, 153, 155, 158, 169, 171, 221, 228, 237, 239, 242
Syriac language
60
Systematic testing
222
Systematicity
46
Systematicness
50, 52
Systematization
9
Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine
83, 94
T
Tafsīr (Qur’an Commentary)
171
Tāğ al-‛arūs min ğawāhir al-qāmūs
27
Tağaliyāt or theophani(es)
194
Taẖdīb Al-luġa
21
Taẖdīb ’Islāḥ Al-manṭiq
Talismans
189–190
Target audience
141, 172, 218–219, 224
Target language
36, 142, 171, 220
Target text (TT)
156
Taste vs. Al-Rusūm
182
Technical
33, 97, 140, 151, 152, 217, 230
Template
99, 112
Term users
34, 48–49, 51–52, 55, 120
Term users
34, 48–49, 51–52, 55, 120
Term
4–5, 12, 23–24, 26, 31–35, 37–41, 43–56, 59, 61–77, 86–93, 95, 100–106, 109, 111–114, 120, 123–124, 126–129, 131, 133–135, 140–144, 147–148, 151–153, 155, 158, 165, 172, 181, 186–188, 191, 194, 197–198, 200–205, 215, 220, 222, 228–229, 231, 237–250, 257
Terminographical resources
230–231
Terminologia Anatomica
91
Terminological
68, 47
Terminologist
35, 55, 59, 63–64, 73, 111, 113
Terminologization
4, 87, 104
Terminology standardization
4, 31–32, 38–39, 47, 49, 55–56, 83, 97, 105, 115
Terminology
3–8, 10, 18, 23–28, 31–36, 38–40, 42, 44–45, 47–49, 51–52, 55–56, 59–65, 67–69, 71–78, 83–87, 89, 91–98, 101–106, 109–112, 115–127, 129–135, 139–142, 144–145, 147–150, 152–155, 181, 197–201, 209, 212, 216, 221–222, 231, 235–237, 244, 249, 251, 255–257
Term-statement
155, 172
Tertium comparationis or ground
168
Tesnière
73
Text alignment
222
Text corpora
7, 15
Textual frame
77–78
Textual terminology
78
The “pure” language of the Bedouins
9
The Arab Organization for Translation
75, 125
The Basrah School
14
The Bible
164, 209
The bilingual French-Arabic al-Manhal dictionary
59
The Cosmic Soul
204
The Holy Qur’an
5, 7–9, 19–20, 139, 155, 158
The Iraqi Academy
44, 123, 132
The Jordanian Academy of Arabic
123
The Kūfa School
14, 20
The Universal Mind
204
The Upanishad
204
Thematic arrangement
7
Theorization
42
Theory of the “Original meaning of the root”
14
Therapeutic terminology
85
Thesauri
83, 96
Thesaurus
8, 39, 96, 117
Time reference
161
Time
1, 3, 10–11, 13, 16, 19–21, 24–26, 31, 40, 45–46, 48, 63–64, 74, 77, 84–85, 92–93, 109–110, 112–113, 115, 120, 122–123, 131, 133, 135, 144, 149, 161, 171, 181, 184–186, 193, 195, 197, 206–208, 218, 231
To maximize sameness
171
To minimize difference
171
Tower of Babel
32
Training of terminologists
116–117
Transcoding
4, 59, 76, 78
Trans-designation
69
Translatable strings
220–221
Translation
2–6, 22, 24, 35, 37, 39, 43, 46–47, 49, 53–55, 59–63, 66–78, 83–84, 98–99, 104–106, 110–111, 113–116, 118, 120–122, 125, 127, 129, 134, 139, 141–142, 147–149, 151–153, 155–156, 158–159, 168–172, 174, 176, 179, 181–182, 200, 204, 207–208, 217–219, 221–224, 227–228, 230–231, 244, 247–248, 255–258
Translational
218, 223, 224, 226
Translator
4, 27, 32, 35, 48, 59, 63–64, 68–69, 73, 77, 141, 148, 151, 155–156, 174, 185, 221–222, 226, 258
Transliteration
39, 47, 70, 111, 122, 124, 133–134
Transparency
51, 131, 152
Tree of the Universe (Šağaratu al-Kawn)
197
Triliteral
11–12, 14
Truth vs. The Sharia
182
Tunisian Academy of Science, Literature and the Arts
124
Typography
222
U
‘Ulūm kašfiyya (disclosing sciences)
183
Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)
99, 101
Unequivocal statement
165
UNESCO reports
63
Unification
28, 37–38, 40–41, 43, 45, 47, 55, 118, 120–121, 126, 130, 135
Unified Dictionary of Linguistic terms
33, 68–69
Unified Medical Dictionary
33, 110, 118, 121, 125, 131–134
Unified Medical Language System
83, 96
Unified terminology
40, 139
Uniformity
5, 100, 103, 139, 141–142, 153
Uninflected or frozen verb
166
Union of Arab dentists
110
Union of Arab pharmacists
110
Union of Arabic Language and Scientific Academies
124
Union
45, 97, 110, 123–125, 132, 200, 206
University of Kuwait
124
Univocity
33, 37, 52, 127, 141
Untranslatable strings
220
User interface (UI)
220
User Manuals
218
V
Vagueness
149–150, 182, 188
Van Dijk
119
Variants
68, 73, 87, 98, 140, 238, 240, 247
Verb
14–15, 17, 61–62, 64, 66–67, 74–75, 77–78, 100, 113, 159–161, 165–166, 168–169, 228, 241–242
Verbal morphological patterns
113
Verbal noun
14–15, 42, 127, 230, 242
Verbal sentence
159–161, 166
Verbless
161
Vesalius
84
Vowels
9, 16, 50, 129
W
Waqafāt (Halts)
190
Western terminological problems
59
Western terminology
4, 59, 72
White paper
148
Widespread use
41, 46, 51
Wifi
224, 230
Will
6, 16, 23, 28, 32, 34, 39, 45, 49–50, 53, 55–56, 60, 66, 69, 72, 75–76, 83, 92, 98, 103, 121, 131, 142, 148–149, 156–162, 164–165, 167–168, 182, 185–186, 195, 197–198, 201–203, 205, 217–219, 223–224, 231, 235, 243–244, 251
William Bedwell
22
William Farr
109
Winkelmann
89
Word formation
32, 36, 43
Word order
158, 160–161, 166–168
Word patterns
43, 50, 111, 114, 120
Word play
78
Word-for-word translation
78, 141
Word-to-word correspondence
78
Working Groups
97
Working language
34
World Health Organization (WHO)
125, 130, 256
Wuṣūl
191
WYSIWYG mode (what you see is what you get)
221
Y
Ya‛acob Sarruf
119
Yaqīn
191
Yohanna Wartabat
119
Z
Zoroastrian Scripture
163
Zoroastrianism
163