Index

• adequacy 107, 108, 354, 361, 369, 375–394, 464, 493

• ambiguity 41, 43, 46, 64, 78, 84, 127, 131, 134, 143, 161, 187, 210, 211, 358, 359, 364, 368, 405, 483, 486–489, 491

• anisomorphism 488, 490

• application
  • uniform application 8, 110, 259, 271, 277, 280, 283, 355

• borrowing 102, 104, 166, 175, 179–180, 194, 195, 275, 334, 345, 353, 383–384, 386–387, 404–405, 442, 463

• branch of law 41, 55–56, 605

• CAT tool 111, 143, 265, 362–365, 460

• cognitive linguistics 16–17, 20, 22

• communicative situation 43, 45, 104, 355, 377, 450, 452, 463

• comparative law
  • comparative analysis 2, 16, 23, 24, 29, 30, 37–39, 104, 152–153, 155, 162–164, 167, 289–305, 340, 345, 354, 375–376, 432, 447–448, 463, 589, 594, 598–599, 605

• competence
  • translation competence, domain competence, terminological competence, legal terminological competence 368, 394, 434–437, 443, 445, 454, 577, 584, 594, 597, 599–601, 607–609

• computational linguistics 3

• concept
  • autonomous concept 273, 289–291, 305, 327–328, 336, 339–343
  • meta-concept 8, 289, 294, 297, 299, 300, 302
  • EU meta-concept 300, 302–305

• concept system
  • conceptual system 18, 106–107, 162, 459, 461, 463–464, 472, 474, 479

• conceptual analysis 207, 218, 220, 600, 605

• corpus linguistics
  • corpus-based; corpus-informed; corpus-driven 3, 26, 72–73, 81–87, 91, 108, 124, 128–129, 136–142, 182, 215, 260–262, 271–284, 313, 328, 375–394, 397–426, 435, 460, 468–469, 486, 490, 503, 512–537, 554, 556, 584

• corrigendum 10, 111, 355, 363, 366–369

• court
  • national court 117, 282–283, 293, 296, 299, 300, 304–305, 383
  • supranational court 154, 246
  • international court 330
  • International Court of Justice 401

• court interpreting
  • court interpreter 203, 570–588

• criminal procedure
  • criminal proceedings 57, 136, 156, 164, 199, 467, 570–571, 574, 582, 584

• data category 467–468, 470, 478

• definition 20, 27–28, 37–65, 74, 80, 82, 105, 165, 187, 196–197, 215, 217–218, 227–228, 256, 258, 261–262, 302, 310–325, 332, 340–344, 356, 365, 443–445, 453–455, 464–471, 474, 477–478, 556, 574, 608–609
  • legal definition 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 47, 49, 52–54, 60, 63–65, 129, 193, 196, 258, 261, 315, 365, 465
  • intensional definition 38, 46, 48, 61, 62, 445
  • extensional definition 48–49, 50–51, 62, 445
  • prescriptive definition 46–47, 52, 61

• dictionary function 433, 438–439, 443, 453–454

• domain knowledge
  • domain-specific knowledge 19, 219, 276, 284, 368, 435, 577–578, 599

• drafting
  • legal drafting, legislative drafting, lawmaking 37–45, 50–64, 77, 90, 100–101, 108–115, 134, 141–143, 152–153, 156–162, 165, 167, 179, 187, 192–195, 206, 209, 244, 247–248, 251–254, 265–266, 272–275, 278, 284, 310–319, 324–325, 328–329, 333, 337, 340–347, 352, 354–356, 359, 369, 370, 378, 397, 401, 459, 463, 489, 494, 504, 542
  • drafting technique, legislative technique 39, 45, 50, 54, 57, 61, 63–65, 90, 111–112, 312, 315–316, 324
  • drafter, lawmaker 42, 54, 74, 99, 104, 106, 110, 112, 115, 141–143, 155, 156, 159–167, 198, 201, 202, 249, 250, 253, 293, 299, 305, 310–313, 316, 318–320, 323–324, 327, 333, 337, 343, 345, 348, 352, 356, 362, 474

• equivalence 18, 117, 152–153, 193–196, 206–221, 224, 244, 249, 265, 333–335, 338, 345, 370, 398, 441–444, 462–463, 468, 470, 594–598, 605
  • partial equivalence, partial equivalent 224, 441–442, 462, 605
  • full equivalence 441, 462
  • non-equivalence, zero equivalence 117, 442, 605
  • formal equivalence, formal equivalent, literal equivalence, literal equivalent 107, 116, 117, 275, 333–334, 339, 354
  • functional equivalence, functional equivalent 2, 18, 163, 166, 193, 212, 221, 275, 290, 333–335, 339, 353, 587

• error
  • terminology error 83, 86, 108, 111, 114, 118, 184, 201, 351–359, 363–369, 404, 418, 495, 501–503, 574, 598, 607, 609, 612–613, 618

• EU directive 9, 253, 278, 299, 300, 302, 310, 313, 314, 316–319, 321, 322, 324, 343

• EU legislation 8, 41, 44, 261, 273, 275, 279, 289, 290, 293, 294, 297, 299, 300, 304, 315, 319, 343, 352, 354, 355, 370, 468

• eurolect 261, 275, 313, 398, 400, 426

• explicitness 38, 43, 112

• extraction
  • term extraction, terminology extraction; automatic term recognition, ATR 3, 26, 138, 140–142, 351, 361–363, 400, 406–410, 458–459, 466, 469, 477–479, 511–538, 554
  • term retrieval 512, 514, 517, 519, 527, 529

• false friend 117, 310, 335, 381, 385, 386, 393, 394, 463, 488

• fidelity, functional fidelity 207, 213, 215, 218, 221, 579

• formulaicity 10, 124, 127, 135, 142, 143, 397, 399, 400, 401, 407, 408, 426
  • formulaic expression 5, 124, 129, 131, 135, 138

• harmonization
  • legal harmonization 113, 163, 256, 264, 282, 289–290, 293, 296, 461, 463–464, 476

• incongruity
  • incongruence 2, 107, 117, 118, 152, 160, 193, 194, 206, 207, 217, 221, 227, 238, 376, 380, 394, 441, 487, 491, 595
  • conceptual divergence 239, 271, 272, 273–285
  • conceptual asymmetry 206–208, 211, 224, 227, 228

• inconsistency/consistency
  • intratextual inconsistency, intertextual inconsistency 41, 44, 55, 90, 99, 101–103, 108–111, 114–115, 118, 165, 194, 200, 204, 235, 258, 265, 271, 273, 278–279, 327–329, 336, 338, 341, 343, 347, 351, 354–370, 375–380, 384, 388–394, 466, 476, 501, 598, 608

• indeterminacy 38, 40–42, 187, 354, 460

• institutional terminology 2, 262, 367, 599

• international audience 152–167

• International Law Commission / ILC 329, 332

• interpretation
  • statutory interpretation, judicial interpretation, legal interpretation, multilingual interpretation 21–27, 38–40, 42–43, 46, 53, 55, 60–61, 64, 72–86, 109–110, 143, 153, 162–166, 174, 177, 183, 192, 202, 206–208, 215–216, 250–251, 255, 258–259, 261, 271–273, 280–284, 289, 293, 296, 298, 303, 311–314, 325, 329, 343, 344, 347, 352, 354–347, 352–355, 358, 369, 399–403, 409, 426, 474, 478, 489, 570–572, 579

• jurilinguistics 261

• jurisprudence 38, 72, 103, 180, 207, 221, 227, 231, 235, 239, 295, 439

• language version 9, 106, 110, 111, 115, 155, 185, 246, 249, 250, 253, 255, 265, 273, 274, 278, 298, 302–304, 324, 352, 354, 356, 366–370, 441

• law
  • national law 9, 102, 107, 112, 252, 253, 257–259, 273, 275, 281–283, 289–291, 293, 304, 310, 311, 313, 317, 321, 322, 324, 325, 327, 328, 335
  • international law 9, 38, 44, 63, 65, 156, 174, 180, 214, 244–247, 252, 328–331, 336, 339, 340, 342, 343, 345, 347, 348
  • supranational law 106, 107, 163, 311, 312
  • domestic law 106, 158, 245, 253, 311, 327, 328, 333–340, 342, 345, 498, 499

• law dictionary 1, 75, 96, 130, 217, 219, 220, 260, 332, 434, 451, 454, 557

• lawyer-linguist 217, 252, 257, 290, 356, 357, 366

• legal certainty 258, 274, 358, 369, 370, 377

• legal culture 37–65, 104, 129, 141, 174, 206–208, 211–221, 271, 283, 290–295, 298, 380, 445

• legal domain 1, 91, 97, 113, 130, 262, 458–460, 466, 479, 491, 493–494, 500, 503, 543, 549, 551–552, 575

• legal effect 39, 40, 126, 154, 163–164, 206, 208, 212, 213, 216, 230, 272–274, 282, 352, 440, 605

• legal formant 8, 289, 293, 294, 296, 299

• legal lexicography 432–435, 438, 443, 446, 447, 455, 456

• jurilexicography 261

• legal linguistics 2, 126

• legal meaning 19, 26, 27, 126, 129, 181–183, 185–187, 197, 250, 280, 283, 292, 298, 304, 331, 353, 439, 469, 486–488, 575, 576, 582, 597
  • ordinary meaning 4, 5, 72–75, 77–82, 84–87, 186, 235, 260, 261, 315, 324, 342, 469
  • autonomous meaning 283, 327, 339–341, 343

• legal order 8, 9, 55, 174, 178, 179, 212, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251–254, 290, 310–312, 324, 335, 352, 379
  • EU legal order 8, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251, 253, 254, 311, 312

• legal singularity 244, 249, 255, 265, 375–378, 380–381, 383–384, 386, 394, 504

• legal system 2–4, 6–8, 11, 18, 25, 26, 37–41, 44, 46, 55, 56, 60, 64, 65, 99, 100, 104–108, 113, 118, 129, 152–154, 157, 159–167, 174, 175, 177, 178, 181, 192, 193, 196, 203, 204, 207, 210, 218, 224–228, 245, 246, 253, 257, 259, 273–275, 287, 280, 289, 290, 293–298, 300–302, 304, 305, 310–313, 316, 318, 330, 332, 351–353, 356, 370, 376, 381, 394, 436, 440–442, 448, 449, 451, 458, 460–464, 467, 468, 472, 477, 486, 487, 489, 498, 499, 577, 595, 599, 601, 604–606, 608
  • national legal system 7, 26, 44, 106, 153, 154, 159–165, 167, 246, 257, 273, 275, 278, 280, 290, 300, 304, 311–313, 316, 330, 352, 353, 356, 376, 461, 463, 489
  • bilingual legal system 7, 192, 203, 204
  • supranational legal system 154, 352, 461, 463

• legal term 503, 511–514, 522, 525–533, 536, 537, 555, 570, 573–575, 577–579, 581, 583, 586, 597, 608
  • procedural term 10, 331, 335–339, 341, 345, 346, 377, 386, 389
  • system-bound term 44, 207, 228, 335, 487, 587
  • defined term 53, 57, 28, 61, 62, 313, 316, 317, 323, 365, 367
  • generic term 38, 112, 332, 334–338, 340, 341, 344, 348, 401, 519

• legal terminology
  • national legal terminology 3, 6, 152, 154, 157, 159–162, 165–167
  • bilingual legal terminology 6, 191, 192, 194, 197, 198
  • supranational legal terminology 7–9, 154, 327, 328, 339, 343, 398

• legal tradition 45, 60, 174, 211, 257, 293, 327–328, 330, 353, 370, 376, 383, 447, 486, 571

• legislative text 132, 134, 137, 138, 153, 163, 250–252, 271, 272, 275, 276, 281, 284, 285, 501

• lexicography 141, 244, 432–435, 439, 451

• localization, localism 106, 216, 257, 275, 459, 553

• LSP 125–129, 131, 140, 353, 460, 511

• machine translation / MT 3, 11, 114, 124, 206, 207, 358–360, 364, 474, 479, 485, 494, 496, 497, 499, 502, 544
  • neural machine translation / NMT 11, 358–360, 364, 485, 486, 490–493, 495, 499, 500, 502–504
  • statistical machine translation / SMT 11, 458, 486, 490–493, 495–503
  • rule-based statistical machine translation / RB-SMT 359
  • rule-based machine translation / rule-based MT 494

• meta-language 289, 298, 299, 304

• multilingual law 63–65, 90, 106, 110, 112, 163, 164, 289, 292, 297, 377

• multi-word term 95, 100, 117, 126, 128, 130–133, 141, 397, 399, 401, 402, 438, 488, 517, 596, 597, 602

• Named Entity Recognition / NER 10, 397, 406

• normative text 46, 55, 138, 226, 465

• official language 9, 64, 115, 153, 158, 163, 191, 192, 248, 253, 254, 262, 273

• onomasiology 7, 224, 232, 235
  • onomasiological 7, 10, 224, 225, 229, 231, 232–236, 239, 240, 433, 459, 460

• phraseological continuum 5, 133, 401, 573, 583
  • lexical collocation 133, 136–139, 402
  • term-forming collocation 138
  • term-embedding collocation 10, 133, 136, 138, 367, 402, 410, 420–426
  • text-organizing pattern 10, 133, 400, 401, 411–413, 415–418, 426

• phraseology
  • legal phraseology 5, 124–126, 128–131, 134, 135, 137, 138, 140–142, 464, 488
  • phraseme 5, 127–132, 139, 141, 142, 166, 363, 416, 485, 486, 488, 489, 494, 496, 497, 499, 503, 573, 584, 596
  • phraseological unit 124–141, 397–401, 407–408, 426, 489, 573
  • lexical bundle 5, 126, 127, 132, 138–140, 397, 402, 573
  • collocation (see also phraseological continuum) 5, 10, 96, 102, 125, 126, 128, 130–133, 136–139, 200, 275, 367, 398, 399, 401, 402, 408, 410, 420–426, 439, 443–445, 449, 453–455, 488, 499, 573, 584, 596
  • legal phraseme 129, 130, 141, 142
  • named entity 10, 407
  • routine formula 133, 136, 139, 142, 398, 402

• plain language 45, 65, 98, 105, 109, 111, 113, 134, 181, 603

• polysemy 3, 9, 85, 90, 91, 115, 183, 230, 235, 258, 271, 272, 275–277, 301, 449, 461, 488, 489, 502

• post-editing 11, 110, 114, 358, 359, 496, 501–504

• pragmatics 397, 579

• pre-editing 110

• quality assurance 9, 11, 94, 351, 364, 366, 369, 375, 458, 459, 470, 473, 475, 477, 478
  • terminology quality assurance 9, 351, 458

• semasiology 7, 224, 235
  • semasiological 7, 10, 37, 97, 224, 225, 229, 235–237, 239, 240, 432, 459

• semiotics 4, 8, 37, 38, 289, 293, 294, 297, 299, 304

• specialized communication 24, 45

• standardization 3, 27, 65, 103–105, 125, 140, 143, 204, 276, 282, 367, 377, 394, 459, 463, 464, 472, 473, 476

• structuralism 293–296, 299

• synonymy 90–92, 96, 97, 112, 272, 275–277, 461

• term formation 114, 166, 244, 249, 265, 275, 339, 598

• term transfer 316–318, 320, 321, 343

• terminological quality 9, 352, 353, 357, 360, 363

• terminological resource 2, 4, 17, 21, 22, 114, 208, 217, 220, 277, 375, 376, 380, 468–471, 473, 474, 479, 542–544, 551, 557, 565, 586, 608

• terminology management 9, 64, 351, 360, 370, 436, 437, 460, 466, 473, 475, 478, 598

• terminology theory 272, 276, 472, 599
  • frame approach, frame semantics; frame-based terminology 16–34, 99, 102, 105
  • traditional terminology theory 272, 276

• terminology workflow 9, 370, 458, 466, 467, 472–474, 479

• translation brief 213, 603, 607, 608, 610, 613, 618

• translation quality 9, 111, 355, 359, 360, 375, 377, 394, 475, 478, 598

• translation service provider 436, 437, 451

• translation solution 160, 207, 215, 221, 486, 487, 491, 608

• translation strategy 166, 217, 290, 354, 377
  • covert translation 158, 165–167
  • overt translation 158, 165–167

• translationese 10, 409, 423, 426, 491

• translator training 594, 595, 597, 600, 601

• transposition 9, 104, 106, 154, 163, 253, 257, 262, 282, 289, 310, 312–314, 316, 317, 319–322, 323–325, 355, 417–419
  • transposing act 9, 275

• user group 272, 284, 285, 437, 438, 447, 459, 464, 465

• vagueness 17, 26, 41, 42, 135, 143, 181, 187, 315, 347, 478

• variant 8, 271, 272, 274, 276, 278–281, 284, 451
  • denominative variant 92, 93, 96–98, 101, 102, 105, 111
  • conceptual variant 92, 97, 112, 113, 118
  • linguistic variant 92–94, 96, 102, 113
  • synchronic variant 92, 98
  • diachronic variant 92, 98

• variation
  • terminological variation 8, 90, 108, 109, 114, 271, 272, 276, 278, 288, 328, 347
  • linguistic variation 94, 95, 101, 117, 210, 261