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Article published In:
Information Design Journal
Vol. 27:2 (2022) ► pp.144–190

Applications of the Document Towers method of representing document structures

ORCID logo | University of Fribourg

This article argues in favor of representing the spatial distribution of information within and between documents, by surveying a broad variety of potential applications, including the entire document lifecycle, multiple sensory modalities, and a large spectrum of tasks and users. The theoretical explanations of this richness are a further facet of the article, and can be summarized as follows: (1) insights emerge from focusing on information structure, rather than information meaning; (2) spatializing information creates new information; (3) simplification increases the polyvalence of representation models; (4) introducing mystery in communication channels motivates discovery and diversifies insights; (5) approaching information design as a Gesamtkunstwerk multiplies the applications; (6) information is a manifestation of a link between structures and the actions these enable, while information design is the art and science of creating such links. The argument is developed around the concrete example of a document structure visualization, the Document Towers, which uses the metaphor of architectural models to represent documents.

Keywords: document structure, document representation, document analysis, information systems, visual metaphors
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • Case study
  • Theory
    • Agnosticism
    • Essentialism
    • Spatialization
    • Mystification
    • Holism
    • Enaction
  • Applications
    • Modalities
      • Visual
      • Audio
      • Somatosensory
    • Media
      • Analog vs digital
      • Complexity
      • Format
    • Information
      • Physical structures
        • Geometry
      • Psychophysical structures
        • Descriptors
        • Perceptual phenomena
      • Logical structures
        • Format
        • Encoding
        • Functions
        • Styles
        • Identities
        • Flow
      • Semantic structures
        • Semantics
        • Named entities
      • Sensation structures
    • Tasks
      • General qualities
        • Polyvalence
        • Ergonomics
        • Efficiency
      • Create
        • Design
        • Modeling
        • Digitization and conversion
        • Management
        • Quality control
      • Interact
        • Attract, fascinate, entice
        • Intrigue, explore, question
        • Collaborate, discuss, convince
        • Images vs numbers
        • Explore vs search
        • Sensory vs language interaction
        • Hands-off access
      • Process
        • Index
        • Overview
        • Perspectives
        • Compare
        • Classify
        • Triage
        • Navigate
        • Remember
        • Evolution
        • Forensics
        • E-reading
      • Access
        • Access
        • Preservation
        • Reconstruction
        • Privacy
        • Security
      • Share
        • Training
        • Education
        • Outreach
        • Marketing and merchandising
        • Art
    • Users
      • Fields
      • Benefits
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • References
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Published online: 3 October 2022
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.20026.ata
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