Sociolinguistic implications on perception
The case of the posterior /r/ in Puerto Rican Spanish
This investigation examined the interplay of sociolinguistic and phonetic factors on the perception of the posterior /r/ in Puerto Rican Spanish. Delgado-Díaz and Galarza (2015) previously found that the contrast between the posterior /r/ and /h/ tends to be lost in post-pausal position and maintained in intervocalic position. The present investigation found that the perception of the posterior /r/ is influenced by the phonological context, as well as the speaker’s age and sex, reflecting the production patterns and attitudes associated with the posterior /r/ (Graml, 2009). Our results suggest that social cues become more relevant when there is greater phonetic overlap. In addition, our data support the claim that social factors influence speech perception (Drager, 2010).
References
Alers-Valentín, H
(
1999)
La R velar en Puerto Rico: A 50 años del atlas lingüístico de Tomás Navarro Tomás.
Horizontes, 41(80), 189–210
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Boersma, P. & Weenink, D
(
2014)
Praat: doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]. Version 5.4.01, retrieved 9 November 2014 from
[URL]![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Burton, P., Gurrin, L., & Sly, P
(
1998)
Extending the simple linear regression model to account for correlated responses: An introduction to generalized estimating equations and multi-level mixed modelling.
Statistics in Medicine, 17, 1261–1291.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Campbell-Kibler, K
(
2007)
Accent, (ING) and the social logic of listener perceptions.
American Speech, 82(1), 32–64.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Clopper, C., & Pisoni, D
(
2004)
Some acoustic cues for the perceptual categorization of American English regional dialects.
Journal of Phonetics, 32, 111–140.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Clopper, C., Rohrbeck, K.L., & Wagner, L
(
2013)
Perception of talker age by young adults with high-functioning autism.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(1), 134–146.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Debruyne, F., & Decoster, W
(
1999)
Acoustic differences between sustained vowels perceived as young or old.
Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 24, 1–5.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Delforge, A.M
(
2013)
Not correct but not bad either: Another look at the social meaning of “Velar r” in Puerto Rican Spanish. In
A. Carvalho &
S. Beaudrie (Eds.)
Selected Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics (pp. 158–168). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Delgado-Díaz, G., & Galarza, I
(
2015)
¿Que comiste [x]amón? A closer look at the neutralization of /h/ and posterior /r/ in Puerto Rican Spanish. In
E. Willis et al. (Eds.)
Selected Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Romance Phonology (pp. 70–82). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Díaz-Campos, M., Delgado-Díaz, G., & Galarza, I
(
2014)
La evaluación de dos variables sociolingüísticas en el español de Puerto Rico. Paper presented at the
Hispanic Linguistic Symposium
,
November. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University.
Dillard, J
(
1962)
Sobre algunos fonemas puertorriqueños.
Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica, 16(3), 422–424.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Drager, K
(
2006)
From bad to bed: The relationship between perceived age and vowel perception in New Zealand English.
Te Reo, 48, 55–68
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Drager, K
(
2010)
Sociophonetic variation in speech perception.
Language and Linguistics Compass, 4(7), 473–480.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Drager, K
(
2011)
Speaker age and vowel perception.
Language and Speech, 54(1), 99–121.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Eckert, P
(
2008)
Variation and the indexical field.
Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12(4), 453–476
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Emmanuelli, M
(
1993)
Actuación, competencia y actitudes sociolingüísticas hacia fenómenos fonológicos en el habla de Ponce. Unpublished PhD dissertation.University of Puerto
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Foulkes, P. & Docherty, G.J
(
2006)
The social life of phonetics and phonology.
Journal of Phonetics, 34(4), 409–438.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Graml, C
(
2009)
Puerto, RICO en Variación: Variation socio-phonétique et son auto- et hétérosurveillance par les locuteurs – le cas de la vélarisation du /r/ en espagnol portoricain. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Available at
[URL]![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanley, J., Negassa, A., Edwardes, M., & Forrester, J
(
2003)
Statistical analysis of correlated data Using generalized estimating equations: An orientation.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 157(4), 364–375.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Harnsberger, J.D., Shrivastav, R., Brown, W.S., Jr., Rothman, H., & Hollien, H
(
2008)
Speaking rate and fundamental frequency as speech cues to perceived age.
Journal of Voice, 22, 58–69.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hay, J., Warren P., & Drager, K
(
2006)
Factors influencing speech perception in the context of a merger in-progress.
Journal of Phonetics, 34, 458–84.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Holmquist, J.C
(
2003)
Coffee farmers, social integration and five phonological features: Regional socio-dialectology in West-Central Puerto Rico. In
L. Sayahi (ed.)
Selected Proceedings of the First Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics (pp. 70–76). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Huntley, R., Hollien, H., & Shipp, T
(
1987)
Influences of listener characteristics on perceived age estimations.
Journal of Voice, 1, 49–52.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
IBM Corp
(
2013)
IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Johnson, K., Strand, E., & D’Imperio, M
(
1999)
Auditory-visual integration of talker gender in vowel perception.
Journal of Phonetics, 27, 359–384.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Labov, W
(
1994)
Principles of linguistic change, Vol. 1: Internal factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ladefoged, P. & Broadbent, D.E
(
1957)
Information conveyed by vowels.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 29(1), 98–104.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Larson-Hall, J
(
2010)
A guide to doing statistics in second language research using SPSS. London: Routledge.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lipski, J
(
1994)
Latin American Spanish. New York, NY: Longman.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
López-Morales, H
(
1979)
Velarización de la /RR/ en el español de Puerto Rico: Índices de actitudes y creencias. In
Humberto López-Morales (Ed.),
Dialectología y sociolingüística: Temas puertorriqueños (pp. 107–130). Spain: Editorial Playor.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
López-Morales, H
(
1983)
Estratificación social del español de San Juan, Puerto Rico. Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma de México
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Luna, K.V
(
2014)
La evolución fonética y fonológica del español de Puerto Rico: De Tomás Navarro Tomás a nuestros días.
Cuadernos de la ALFAL, 6, 105–119.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McGuire, G
(
2010)
A brief primer on experimental designs for speech perception research. Unpublished Ms.
[URL]![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Medina-Rivera, A
(
1999)
Variación fonológica y estilística en el español de Puerto Rico.
Hispania, 82(3), 529–541
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Medina-Rivera, A
(
2011)
Variationist approaches: External factors conditioning variation in Spanish phonology. In
M. Díaz Campos (Ed.).
The handbook of Hispanic sociolinguistics (pp. 36–53). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Moreno-Fernández, F
(
2011)
Internal factors conditioning variation in Spanish phonology. In
M. Díaz Campos (Ed.).
The handbook of Hispanic sociolinguistics (pp. 54–71). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nagao, K
(
2006)
Cross-language study of age perception. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Indiana University, Bloomington.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Navarro-Tomás, T
(
1948)
El español de Puerto Rico: Contribución a la geografía lingüística Hispanoamericana. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Neiman, G.S., & Appegate, J.A
(
1990)
Accuracy of listener judgments of perceived age relative to chronological age in adults.
Folia Phoniatrica, 42, 327–330.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Niedzielski, N
(
1999)
The effect of social information on the perception of sociolinguistic variables.
Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18, 62–85.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pegg, J
(
1995)
Adult and infant perception of an English phonetic distinction. Unpublished PhD dissertation. The University of British Colombia, Vancouver
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ptacek, P.H., & Sander, E.K
(
1966)
Age recognition from voice.
Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 9, 273–277.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Strand, E
(
1999)
Uncovering the role of gender stereotypes in speech perception.
Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18, 86–99.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Strand, E
(
2000)
Gender stereotype effects in speech processing. Unpublished PhD dissertation. The Ohio State University, Columbus.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Strand, E.A., & Johnson, K
(
1996)
Gradient and visual speaker normalization in the perception of fricatives. In
P. Gibbon (Ed.)
Natural language processing and speech technology (pp. 14–26). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Thomas, E.R
(
2002)
Sociophonetic applications of speech perception experiments.
American Speech, 77(2), 115–147.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Valentín-Márquez, W
(
2007)
Doing being Boricua: Perceptions of national identity and the sociolinguistic distribution of liquid variables in Puerto Rican Spanish. Unpublished PhD dissertation. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Willis, E., Delgado-Díaz, G. & Galarza, I
(
2015)
Contextualized Voicing of the Voiceless Posterior Fricative /h/ in Puerto Rican Spanish. In
E. Willis et al. (Eds.),
Selected Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Romance Phonology
(pp. 52–69). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings
Windsor, L
(
2013)
Textual analysis of leaders’ speeches
. Paper presented at
Visons in Methodology
,
April. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University.
Ziegler, A
(
2011)
Generalized estimating equations. New York, NY : Springer.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
Pollock, Matthew, Gibran Delgado-Díaz, Iraida Galarza, Manuel Díaz-Campos & Erik W. Willis
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 24 june 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.