The locative paradigm in the L2 Spanish of Catalan native speakers
This chapter explores the expression of locative and existential constructions in the Spanish of native speakers of Catalan (N = 20). Three (micro)parametric differences are investigated: the definiteness effect, the eventive effect, and the use of clitics. An oral production task (OPT) and an acceptability judgment task (AJT) were analyzed; a control group of native Spanish speakers was included (N = 20). Results of the OPT indicated underuse of estar, and an increase in clitics in the grammar of Catalan-Spanish bilinguals; the AJT showed that bilinguals accepted ungrammatical sentences with ser to locate in Spanish, and ungrammatical definite DPs with haber, displaying significant differences in their implicit grammars and a certain degree of functional convergence and language interference. Keywords: locatives; ser; estar; haber; Catalan; definiteness effect
References (61)
Blas Arroyo, J.L
(
2004)
El español actual en las comunidades del ámbito lingüístico catalán. In
R. Cano Aguilar (Ed.),
Historia de la lengua Española (pp. 1065–1086). Mexico, DF: Editorial Ariel.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Blas Arroyo, J.L
(
2011)
Spanish in contact with Catalan. In
M. Díaz-Campos (Ed.),
The Handbook of Hispanic Sociolinguistics (pp. 374–394). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Boix-Fuster, E., & Sanz, C
(
2008)
Language and identity in Catalonia. In
M. Niño Murcia &
J. Rothman (Eds.),
Bilingualism and Identity: Spanish at the Crossroads with other Languages (pp. 87–106). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brucart, J.M
(
2010)
La alternancia ser/estar y las construcciones atributivas de localización. In
A. Avellana (Ed.),
Actas del V encuentro de gramática generativa (pp. 115–152). Neuquén: Editorial Universitaria del Comahue.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brucart, J.M
(
2012)
Copular alternation in Spanish and Catalan attributive sentences.
Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto, 7, 9–43.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bruhn de Garavito, J. & Valenzuela, E
(
2006)
The status of ser and estar in late and early bilingual L2 Spanish In C.A. Klee &
T.L. Face (Eds.),
Selected Proceedings of the 7th Conference on the Acquisitino of Spanish and Portuguese as First and Second Languages (pp. 100–109). Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Freeze, R
(
1992)
Existentials and other locatives.
Language, 68(3), 553–595.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gallego, A.J., & Uriagereka, J
(
2011)
From ser to estar: A study of the Spanish copulas. Ms. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & University of Maryland.
Geeslin, K.L
(
2001)
Linguistic simplification: Past, present and future links to second language acquisition. In
X. Bonch-Bruevich,
W.J. Crawford,
J. Hellermann,
C. Higgins, &
H. Nguyen (Eds.),
Selected Proceedings of the 2000 Second Language Research Forum (pp. 271–291). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Geeslin, K.L
(
2002)
The acquisition of Spanish copula choice and its relationship to language change.
Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24(3), 419–450.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Geeslin, K.L., & Guijarro-Fuentes, P
(
2008)
Variation in contemporary Spanish: Linguistic predictors of estar in four cases of language contact.
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11(3), 365–380.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gràcia, L., Crous, B., & Garganta, L
(
2008)
Typological differences and second language acquisition 2: Attributive, locative, existential, and possessive constructions.
Revista Española de Lingüística, 38(2), 47–74.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gutiérrez, M.J
(
1992)
The extension of estar: A linguistic change in progress in the Spanish of Morelia, Mexico.
Hispanic Linguistics, 5(1–2), 109–141.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gutiérrez, M.J
(
2003)
Simplification and innovation in US Spanish.
Multilingua, 22, 169–184.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Haznedar, B., & Schwartz, B.D
(
1997)
Are there optional infinitives in child L2 acquisition? Proceedings of the Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 21(1), 257–268.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Holmback, H
(
1984)
An interpretive solution to the definiteness effect problem.
Linguistic Analysis, 13(3), 195–215.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ionin, T
(
2006)
This is definitely specific: Specificity and definiteness in article systems.
Natural Language Semantics, 14(2), 175–234.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ionin, T., Ko, H., & Wexler, K
(
2004)
Article semantics in L2 acquisition: The role of specificity.
Language Acquisition, 12(1), 3–69.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kalt, S.E
(
2003)
Second Language Acquisition of Spanish Morpho-Syntax by Quechua-Speaking Children. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Kayne, R.S
(
1994)
The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lardiere, D
(
1998)
Dissociating syntax from morphology in a divergent L2 end-state grammar.
Second Language Research, 14(4), 359–375.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lardiere, D
(
2004)
Knowledge of definiteness despite variable article omission in second language acquisition. Proceedings of the Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 28(1), 328–339.
Lardiere, D
(
2008)
Feature assembly in second language acquisition. In
J.M. Liceras,
H. Goodluck, &
H. Zobl (Eds.),
The Role of Formal Features in Second Language Acquisition (pp. 106–140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lardiere, D
(
2009)
Some thoughts on the contrastive analysis of features in second language acquisition.
Second Language Research, 25(2), 173–227.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Longa, V.M., Lorenzo, G., & Rigau, G
(
1998)
Subject clitics and clitic recycling: Locative sentences in some Iberian Romance languages.
Journal of Linguistics, 34(1), 125–164.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lumsden, M
(
1988)
Existential Sentences: Their Structure and Meaning. London: Croom Helm.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lyons, J
(
1967)
A note on possessive, existential, and locative sentences.
Foundations of Language, 3, 390–396.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lyons, C
(
1999)
Definiteness. Cambridge: CUP.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Milsark, G.L
(
1977)
Toward an explanation of certain peculiarities of the existential construction in English.
Linguistic Analysis, 3(1), 1–29.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ortiz-López, L
(
2000)
La extensión de estar en contextos de ser en el español de Puerto Rico: ¿Evolución interna o contacto de lenguas? Boletín de la Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española, 98–118.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Perpiñán, S
(
2014)
Locative and existentials in L2 Spanish: The acquisition of semantic contrasts among ser, estar and haber.
Second Language Research, 30(4), 485–513.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Prévost, P., & White, L
(
2000)
Missing surface inflection or impairment in second language acquisition? Evidence from tense and agreement.
Second Language Research, 16(2), 103–133.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rigau, G
(
1994)
Catalan presentational sentences and the properties of Agr nodes. In
G. Cinque,
J. Koster,
J.-Y. Pollock,
L. Rizzi, &
R. Zanuttini (Eds.),
Paths towards Universal Grammar: Studies in Honor of Richard S. Kayne (pp. 343–359). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rigau, G
(
1997)
Locative sentences and related constructions in Catalan: ésser/haver alternation. In
A. Mendikoetxea &
M. Uribe-Etxebarria (Eds.),
Theoretical Issues at the Morphology-syntax Interface (pp. 395–421). Bilbao & San Sebastián: Universidad del País Vasco & Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ryan, J., & Lafford, B
(
1992)
Acquisition of lexical meaning in a study abroad environment: Ser and estar and the Granada experience.
Hispania, 75(3), 714–722.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Safir, K.J
(
1985)
Syntactic chains. Cambridge: CUP.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sánchez, L
(
2004)
Functional convergence in the tense, evidentiality and aspectual systems of Quechua Spanish bilinguals.
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(2), 147–162.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sanz, C., & González, M.J
(
1995)
Ser and estar in Tortosi Catalan: Language contact, language variation, and language change.
Sintagma, 7, 5–25.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schmitt, C
(
1992)
Ser and estar: A matter of aspect. In
K. Broderick (Ed.),
Proceedings of NELS 22 (pp. 411–426). Amherst, MA: GLSA.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schmitt, C., & Miller, K
(
2007)
Making discourse-dependent decisions: The case of the copulas “ser” and “estar” in Spanish.
Lingua, 117(11), 1907–1929.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sera, M
(
1992)
To be or to be: Use and acquisition of the Spanish Copulas.
Journal of Memory and Language, 31(3), 408–427.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sera, M.D., Bales, D.W., & del Castillo, J
(
1997)
Ser helps Spanish speakers identify “real” properties.
Child Development, 68(5), 820–831.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Serrano Vázquez, M. del C
(
1996)
Interferencias léxicas y semánticas en una situación de contacto entre dos lenguas, catalán y castellano.
Diálogos Hispánicos, 18, 375–394.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Silva-Corvalán, C
(
1986)
Bilingualism and language change: The extension of estar in Los Angeles Spanish.
Language, 62(3), 587–608.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Silva-Corvalán, C
(
1994)
The gradual loss of mood distinctions in Los Angeles Spanish.
Language Variation and Change, 6(3), 255–272.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sinner, C
(
2004)
El castellano de Cataluña: Estudio empírico de aspectos léxicos, morfosintácticos, pragmáticos y metalingüísticos. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sinner, C., & Wesch, A
(Eds.) (
2008)
El castellano en las tierras de habla catalana. Madrid & Frankfurt: Iberoamericana &Vervuert.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Solà, J
(
1987)
Qüestions controvertides de sintaxi catalana (1st ed.). Barcelona: Edicions 62.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Solà, J
(
1994)
Sintaxi normativa: Estat de la qüestió (1st. ed.). Barcelona: Editorial Empúries.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Thomason, S.G., & Kaufman, T
(
1988)
Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Vann, R
(
2002)
El castellà catalanitzat a Barcelona: Perspectives lingüístiques i culturals.
Catalan Review, 15(1), 117–131.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
VanPatten, B
(
1985)
The acquisition of ser and estar by adult learners of Spanish: a preliminary investigation of transitional stages of competence.
Hispania, 68, 399–406.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
VanPatten, B
(
1987)
Classroom learners’ acquisition of ser and estar: accounting for developmental patterns. In
B. VanPatten,
T.R. Dvorak, &
J. Lee F. (Eds.),
Foreign Language Teaching: A Research Perspective (pp. 61–75). Cambridge MA: Newbury House.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wesch, A
(
1997)
The Spanish spoken in Barcelona and Catalan influence. An outline of a research program.
Verba, 24, 287–312.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
White, L
(
2003)
Fossilization in steady state L2 grammars: Persistent problems with inflectional morphology.
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 6(2), 129–141.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
White, L
(
2008)
Definiteness effects in the L2 English of Mandarin and Turkish speakers.
Proceedings of the Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 32(2), 550–461.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
White, L., Belikova, A., Hagstrom, P., Kupisch, T., & Özçelik, Ö
(
2009)
Restrictions on Definiteness in L2 English.
Proceedings of the Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 33(2), 622–633.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
White, L., Belikova, A., Hagstrom, P., Kupisch, T., & Özçelik, Ö
Zagona, K
(
2012)
Ser and estar: Phrase structure and aspect. In
C. Nishida &
C. Russi (Eds.),
Building a Bridge between Linguistic Communities of the Old and the New World. Current Research in Tense, Aspect, Mood and Modality. (Vol. XIV, pp. 303–327). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (3)
Cited by 3 other publications
Perpiñán, Silvia, Rafael Marín & Itziri Moreno Villamar
2020.
The role of aspect in the acquisition ofserandestarin locative contexts by English-speaking learners of Spanish.
Language Acquisition 27:1
► pp. 35 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
Perpiñán, Sílvia
2020.
What can the ‘attrition via acquisition’ model predict?.
Second Language Research 36:2
► pp. 167 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
Gil, Laia Arnaus & Natascha Müller
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 23 june 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.