Table of contents
Acknowledgments
ix
Abbreviations
xi
List of figures
xiii
List of tables
xv
Table of listings
xvii
Part I.Preliminaries
1
Chapter 1.
Introduction
2
1.1
Scope and main goals
2
1.2
Outline of the book
3
1.3
From modus to modality
4
1.4
Modality in Galician linguistics
7
Part II.Theoretical background
11
Chapter 2.
The concept of modality
12
2.1
Modal taxonomies
12
2.1.1
The traditional classes of modality
12
2.1.2
Other proposals for the organization of modality
15
2.1.2.1
Dynamic and deontic modality beyond the traditional view
15
2.1.2.2
Alternative divisions of modal space
17
2.1.2.3
Boulomaic modality
A neglected modal class
19
2.1.3
Galician approaches to modality and the modals
20
2.2
Theories of modality
29
2.2.1
Possible worlds semantics
30
2.2.2
The factuality approach
33
2.2.3
Modality as force dynamics
36
2.3
The typological perspective on modality
38
2.4
Critical summary
41
Chapter 3.
Functionalist approaches to modality
44
3.1
Functional grammar models
44
3.1.1
Functional Grammar
45
3.1.2
Role and Reference Grammar
48
3.1.3
Functional Procedural Grammar and the paradigmatic approach
49
3.2
Systemic Functional Grammar
55
3.3
Discourse-functional and interactional approaches
56
Chapter 4.
Modality and neighboring categories
59
4.1
Modality and tame
59
4.1.1
Tense
60
4.1.2
Aspect
63
4.1.3
Mood
64
4.1.4
Evidentiality
67
4.2
Modality and discourse strategy
74
4.2.1
Mitigation
75
4.2.2
Concession
77
4.2.3
Strengthening
79
4.3
Modality and (inter)subjectivity
81
Chapter 5.
Modality revisited
The Galician system
85
5.1
A revision of modality and modal categories
85
5.2
The expression of modal categories in Galician
88
Part III.A focus on epistemic adverbs
101
Chapter 6.
Corpus and method
102
6.1
Epistemic modality as expressed by adverbs
102
6.2
Galician epistemic adverbs
104
6.2.1
Certamente and seguramente
106
6.2.2
Probablemente and posiblemente
107
6.2.3
Quizais and se cadra
108
6.3
Corpus design
109
6.4
Variables
110
6.4.1
The adverbial phrase
111
6.4.2
The verb phrase
111
6.4.3
The clause
113
6.4.4
Beyond the clause
116
6.4.5
The extra-linguistic context
117
6.4.6
Summary of variables
118
6.5
Statistical approach
120
Chapter 7.
Epistemic adverbs
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic properties
121
7.1
Variables and hypotheses
121
7.2
Univariate and bivariate results
123
7.2.1
A general picture
123
7.2.2
Adverb modifiers
126
7.2.3
A note on mood
128
7.3
Multivariate results
Logistic regression
130
7.3.1
The pairwise approach
132
7.3.2
The one vs. rest approach
137
7.4
Summary and discussion
138
7.4.1
How epistemic adverbs are alike
139
7.4.2
How epistemic adverbs differ from one another
142
Chapter 8.
Epistemic adverbs
A pragmatic approach
146
8.1
Variables and hypotheses
147
8.2
Pragmatic analysis
148
8.2.1
Modal uses
149
8.2.2
Discourse-oriented uses
154
8.2.2.1
Mitigation
154
8.2.2.2
Strengthening
157
8.2.2.3
Tendency
162
8.2.3
Other uses
164
8.2.4
Results
166
8.3
Adverb meaning and co-occurrence with (near-)epistemic expressions
167
8.4
Adverb meaning and position
176
8.5
Adverb meaning and orality
181
8.6
Summary and discussion
182
8.6.1
Main findings
182
8.6.2
Diachronic implications
185
Part IV.Conclusion
193
Chapter 9.
General summary and discussion
194
9.1
Theoretical findings and implications
194
9.2
Empirical findings and implications
196
9.3
Future lines of research
199
Bibliography
201
Appendixes
A.
Appendix of tables
218
B.
Appendix of listings
224