Research shows that students who study abroad (SA) gain in communicative and discourse skills more than their at-home (AH) counterparts (Freed, 1995). However, such advantages are not automatic. For example, evidence of SA phonological advantages over AH is clear at times (e.g. Díaz Campos, 2006) while not in others (e.g. Geeslin & Gudmestad, 2011). This study adds to the conversation about phonological acquisition during SA and posits that learner social networks (Milroy, 1987) are key in such acquisition. It examines the realizations of [θ] in four English native speakers who spent one year in Madrid. Two used [θ] consistently while the other two did not. The participants’ social networks can be used, in part, to explain the discrepancy.
Aguilar Stewart, J. (2010). Using e-journals to assess students’ language awareness and social identity during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 43(1), 138-159.
Allen, H.W., & Herron, C. (2003). A mixed-methodology investigation of the linguistic and affective outcomes of summer study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 36(3), 370-385.
Amuzie, G.L., & Winke, P. (2009). Changes in language learning beliefs as a result of study abroad. System, 37, 366-379.
Bacon, S. (2002). Learning the rules: Language development and cultural adjustment during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 35(6), 637-646.
Blom, J.P., & Gumperz, J.J. (1972). Social meaning in linguistic structures: Code-switching in Norway. In J.J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Brecht, R., & Robinson, J.L. (1993). Qualitative analysis of second language acquisition in study abroad: The ACTR/NFLC project. NFLC Occasional Papers. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.
Davidson, D.E. (2007) Study abroad and outcomes measurements: The case of Russian. The Modern Language Journal, 91(2), 276-280.
Díaz-Campos, M. (2004). Context of the learning of Spanish second language phonology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 249-273.
Díaz-Campos, M. (2006). The effect of style in second language phonology: An analysis of segmental acquisition in study abroad and regular-classroom students. In D. Eddington (Ed.), Selected Proceedings of the 7th Conference on the Acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese as First and Second Languages (pp. 26-39). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Du, H. (2013). The development of Chinese fluency during study abroad in China. The Modern Language Journal, 97(1), 131-143.
Freed, B. (1995). Language learning and study abroad. In B. Freed (Ed.), Second language acquisition in a study abroad context (pp. 3-34). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Freed, B.F., Dewey, D.P., Segalowitz, N., & Halter, R. (2004). The language contact profile. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 349-356.
Geeslin, K., & Gudmestad, A. (2011). The acquisition of variation in second-language Spanish: An agenda for integrating studies of the L2 sound system. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 5, 137-157.
George, A. (2014). Study abroad in Central Spain: The development of regional phonological features. Foreign Language Annals, 47(1), 97-114.
Hualde, J.I. (2005). The sounds of Spanish. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Isabelli-García, C. (2004). A case study of the factors in the development of Spanish linguistic accuracy and oral communication skills: Motivation and extended interaction in the study abroad context. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press.
Isabelli-García, C. (2006). Study abroad social networks, motivation and attitudes: Implications for second language acquisition. In M. DuFon & E. Churchill (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts (pp. 231-258). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Isabelli-García, C. (2010). Acquisition of Spanish gender agreement in two learning contexts: Study abroad and at home. Foreign Language Annals, 43(2), 289-303.
Kinginger, C. (2004). Alice doesn't live here anymore: Foreign language learning and identity reconstruction. In A. Pavlenko & A. Blackledge (Eds.), Negotiation of identities in multilingual contexts (1 ed.; pp. 219-242). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Kinginger, C., & Farrell, K. (2004). Assessing development of meta-pragmatic awareness in study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 19-42.
Knouse, S.M. (2012). The acquisition of dialectal phonemes in a study abroad context: The case of the Castilian theta. Foreign Language Annals, 45(4), 512-542.
Lantolf, J.P. (2002). Sociocultural theory and second language acquisition. In Kaplan, R.B. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Cameron, L. (2008). Complex systems and applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lindseth, M.U. (2010). The development of oral proficiency during a semester in Germany. Foreign Language Annals, 43(2), 246-268.
Marqués-Pascual, L. (2011). Study abroad, previous language experience and Spanish L2 development. Foreign Language Annals, 44(3), 565-582.
Milroy, L. (1987). Language and social networks (2nd ed.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Milroy, L. (2002). Social networks. In J.K. Chambers, P. Trudgill, & N. Schilling-Estes (Eds.), The handbook of language variation and change. Oxford: Blackwell.
Milroy, J., & Milroy, L. (1985). Linguistic change, social network and speaker innovation. Journal of Linguistics, 21(2), 339-384.
Ringer-Hilfinger, K. (2012). Learner acquisition of dialect variation in a study abroad context: The case of the Spanish [θ]. Foreign Language Annals, 45(3), 430-446.
Segalowitz, N., & Freed, B. (2004). Context, contact and cognition in oral fluency acquisition: Learning Spanish in “at home” and “study abroad” contexts. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 173-199.
Serrano, R., Tragant, E., & Llanes, A. (2012). A longitudinal analysis of the effects of one year abroad. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 68(2), 138-163.
Vann, R. (1996). Pragmatic and cultural aspects of an emergent language variety: The construction of Catalan Spanish deictic expressions. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Texas, Austin, TX.
Wilkinson, S. (1998a). Study abroad from the participants' perspective: A challenge to common beliefs. Foreign Language Annals, 31(1), 23-39.
Wilkinson, S. (1998b). On the nature of immersion during study abroad: Some participant perspectives. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 4(2), 121-138.
2021. Consequential choices: A language ideological perspective on learners' (non‐)adoption of a dialectal variant. Foreign Language Annals 54:3 ► pp. 607 ff.
2019. Dialect and identity. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 4:2 ► pp. 252 ff.
Isabelli-García, Christina, Jennifer Bown, John L. Plews & Dan P. Dewey
2018. Language learning and study abroad. Language Teaching 51:4 ► pp. 439 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 january 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
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