This article examines the impact of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on the production of glottalization (/ʔ/ and creaky voice) in Yucatan Spanish. The results of this study suggest that glottal insertion before vowel-initial words in Yucatan Spanish is the product of language contact mediated by internal development. It also indicates that glottal insertion, like other traditional features of Yucatan Spanish, is undergoing a process of standardization, whereby younger, more educated speakers employ a less traditional, more ‘standard’ variety of Spanish.
Altenberg, E.P. (2005). The perception of word boundaries in a second language. Second Language Research, 21(4), 325-358.
Alvar, M. (1969). Nuevas notas sobre el español de Yucatán. Iberoromania, 1, 159-189.
Baković, E. (1994). Strong onsets and Spanish fortition. In C. Giordano & D. Ardron (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th Student Conference in Linguistics (SCIL 6) (pp. 21-39). Cambridge, MA: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics. Retrieved from: <[URL]>
Barrera Vásquez, A. (1937). Mayismos y voces mayas en el español de Yucatán. Investigaciones Lingüísticas, 4, 9-35.
Bissiri, M.P., Lecumberri, M.L.G., Cooke, M., & Volín, J. (2011). The role of word-initial glottal stops in recognizing English words.
Proceedings of Interspeech 2011
(pp. 165-168). Florence, Italy.
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2013). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (version 5.3.35). <[URL]>
Chappell, W. (2013). Social and linguistic factors conditioning the glottal stop in Nicaraguan Spanish (Unpublished PhD dissertation). The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
Cortés Gómez, E. (1979). El habla popular de Higuera de Vargas. Badajoz: Diputación Provincial.
Coupal, L., & Plante, C. (1977). Las oclusivas sordas yucatecas: /ptk/: ¿Fuertes, aspiradas, glotalizadas?Langues Et Linguistique, 3, 129-176.
de Granda, G. (1982). Observaciones sobre la fonética del español en el Paraguay. Anuario de Letras, 20, 145-194.
Davidson, L., & Erker, D. (2014). Hiatus resolution in American English: The case against glide insertion. Language, 90(2), 482-514.
Díaz-Campos, M., Fafulas, S., & Gradoville, M. (2011). Going retro: An analysis of the interplay between socioeconomic class and age in Caracas Spanish. In J. Michnowicz, & R. Dodsworth (Eds.), Selected proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics (pp. 65-78). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Dilley, L., Shattuck-Hufnagel, S., & Ostendorf, M. (1996). Glottalization of word-initial vowels as a function of prosodic structure. Journal of Phonetics, 24(4), 423-444.
Docherty, G., & Foulkes, P. (2005). Glottal variants of /t/ in the Tyneside variety of English. In J. Laver, W.J. Hardcastle, & J. Mackenzie Beck (Eds.), A Figure of Speech: A Festschrift for John Laver (pp.173-197). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dorian, N. (1993). Internally and externally motivated change in language contact settings: Doubts about dichotomy. In C. Jones (Ed.), Historical linguistics: Problems and perspectives (pp. 131-155). London: Longman.
File-Muriel, R.J. (2007). The role of lexical frequency and phonetic context in the weakening of syllable-final lexical/s/in the Spanish of Barranquilla, Colombia (Unpublished PhD dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.
Frazier, M. (2009). The production and perception of pitch and glottalization in Yucatec Maya (Unpublished PhD dissertation). The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
García Fajardo, J. (1984). Fonética del español de Valladolid, Yucatán. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Garellek, M. (2014). Voice quality strengthening and glottalization. Journal of Phonetics, 45, 106-113.
Hualde, J.I. (2005). The sounds of Spanish. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Instituto nacional de estadística, geografía e informática (INEGI). (2005). Conteo de población y vivienda. Aguascalientes, Mexico.
Johnson, D.E. (2009). Getting off the GoldVarb standard: Introducing Rbrul for mixed-effects variable rule analysis. Language and Linguistics Compass, 3, 359-383.
Kerswill, P. (2002). Koineization and accomodation. In J.K. Chambers, P. Trudgill, & N. Schilling-Estes (Eds.), The handbook of language variation and change (pp. 669-702). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Klee, C.A. (2009). Migrations and globalization: Their effects on contact varieties of Latin American Spanish. In M. LaCorte & J. Leeman (Eds.), Español en Estados Unidos y otros contextos de contacto: Sociolingüística, ideología y pedagogía (pp. 39-66). Madrid: Iberoamericana.
Klee, C.A., & Lynch, A. (2009). El español en contacto con otras lenguas. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Ladefoged, P., & Maddieson, I. (1996). The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lipski, J.M. (1987). Breves notas sobre el español filipino. Anuario de Letras, 25, 209-219.
Lipski, J.M. (2004). El español de América (S. Iglesias Recuero Trans.) (3rd ed.). Madrid: Cátedra.
Lope Blanch, J.M. (1987). Estudios sobre el español de Yucatán. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Méndez, O.A.A. (2007). Gastronomia yucateca: Fusion de culturas (Unpublished MA thesis). Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, Mexico.
Michnowicz, J. (2006). Final – m in Yucatan Spanish: A rapid and anonymous survey. In J.P. Montreuil (Ed.), New perspectives on Romance linguistics. Vol. 2: Phonetics, phonology, and dialectology: Selected papers from the 35th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL) (pp. 155-166). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Michnowicz, J. (2007). El habla de Yucatám: Final -m in a dialect in contact. In J. Holmquist (Ed.), Selected proceedings of the Third Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics (WSS3) (pp. 38-43). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Michnowicz, J. (2009). Intervocalic voiced stops in Yucatan Spanish: A case of contact induced language change? In M. LaCorte & J. Leeman (Eds.), Español en Estados Unidos y en otros contextos de contacto (pp. 67-84). Madrid: Iberoamericana.
Michnowicz, J. (2011). Dialect standardization in Merida, Yucatan: The case of (b d g). Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana, 18, 191-212.
Michnowicz, J. (2012). The standardization of Yucatan Spanish: Family case studies in Izamal and Mérida. In K. Geeslin, & M. Díaz-Campos (Eds.), Selected proceedings of the Hispanic Linguistics Symposium 2010 (pp. 102-115). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Michnowicz, J. (2015). Subject pronoun expression in Yucatan Spanish. In A.M. Carvalho, R. Orozco, & N.L. Shin (Eds.), Subject pronoun expression in Spanish: A cross-dialectal perspective (pp.103-122). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Michnowicz, J. (2015). Maya-Spanish contact in Yucatan, Mexico: Context and sociolinguistic implications. In S. Sessarego, & M. González Rivera (Eds.), New perspectives on Hispanic contact linguistics in the Americas. Madrid: Iberoamericana. pp. 21-42.
Michnowicz, J., & Barnes, H. (2013). Pre-nuclear peak alignment in Yucatan Spanish. In C. Howe, S.E. Blackwell & M. Lubbers Quesada (Eds.), Selected proceedings of the Hispanic Linguistics Symposium 2011 (pp. 221-235). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Mosely, E.H. (1980). From conquest to independence: Yucatan under Spanish rule, 1521–1821. In E.H. Moseley & E.D. Terry (Eds.), Yucatán: A world apart (pp. 83-121). Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
Nykl, A.R. (1938). Notas sobre el español de Yucatán Veracruz y Tlaxcala. In P. Henríquez Ureña (Ed.), El español en Méjico, los Estados Unidos, y la América Central (pp. 207-225). Buenos Aires: La Universidad de Buenos Aires.
Pierrehumbert, J. (1995). Prosodic effects on glottal allophones. Vocal Fold Physiology, 8, 39-60.
Quezada, S. (2001). Breve historia de Yucatán. Mexico City: Colegio de México.
R Core Team. (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 3.1.1). Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. <[URL]>
Romaine, S. (1995). Internal vs. external factors in socio-historical explanations of change: A fruitless dichotomy? Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 21(1), 478-490.
Silva-Corvalán, C. (1991). Spanish language attrition in a contact situation with English. In H.W. Seliger & R.M. Vago (Eds.), First language attrition (pp. 151-171). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Suárez, V.M. (1979). El español que se habla en Yucatán: Apuntamientos filológicos (2nd ed.). Mérida, México: La Universidad de Yucatán.
Tellado González, J. (2007). Variación alofónica de /s/ implosiva en el español de Puerto Rico: El fenómeno de oclusión glotal (Unpublished MA thesis). Universidad de Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, Río Piedras, PR.
Terrell, T.D. (1977). Constraints on the aspiration and deletion of final /s/ in Cuban and Puerto Rican Spanish. Bilingual Review/La Revista Bilingüe, 4(1-2), 35-51.
Thomason, S.G. (2001). Language contact: An introduction. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Thomason, S.G., & Kaufman, T. (1988). Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Thon, S. (1989). The glottal stop in the Spanish spoken in Corrientes, Argentina. Hispanic Linguistics, 3(1-2), 199-218.
Valentín-Márquez, W. (2006). La oclusión glotal y la construcción lingüística de identidades sociales en Puerto Rico. In N. Sagarra & A.J. Toribio (Eds.), Selected proceedings of the 9th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium (pp. 326-341). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Yager, K. (1982). Estudio del cuadro consonántico del español de Mérida, Yucatán con consideraciones de posible influencia maya (Unpublished MA thesis). University of California, Santa Barbara, CA.
Yager, K. (1989). La -m bilabial en posición final absoluta en el español hablado en Mérida, Yucatán (México). Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica, XXXVII(1), 83-94.
Cited by (14)
Cited by 14 other publications
González, Carolina, Susan L. Cox & Gabrielle R. Isgar
2024. Phonation Patterns in Spanish Vowels: Spectral and Spectrographic Analysis. Languages 9:6 ► pp. 214 ff.
Repiso-Puigdelliura, Gemma
2024. Glottalizing at word junctures: Exploring bidirectional transfer in child and adult Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 27:3 ► pp. 350 ff.
Arrieta Coyotl, Abraham Samuel & María Leonor Orozco Vaca
2023. influencia del género narrativo y de la función de trasfondo de los verbos en imperfecto de indicativo en la posposición de yo. Lingüística y Literatura 44:83 ► pp. 233 ff.
Davidson, Lisa & Oiwi Parker Jones
2023. Word-level prosodic and metrical influences on Hawaiian glottal stop realization. Phonetica 80:3-4 ► pp. 225 ff.
Davidson, Lisa & Oiwi Parker Jones
2024. The role of recoverability in the implementation of non-phonemic glottalization in Hawaiian. Linguistics Vanguard 10:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
2023. Las vocales glotalizadas en el español guatemalteco: Un análisis sociofonético entre los hablantes bilingües (español-kaqchikel) y monolingües. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 16:1 ► pp. 171 ff.
2020. The Use of the Glottal Stop as a Variant of /s/ in Puerto Rican Spanish. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 13:2 ► pp. 391 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 january 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.