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Article published In:
International Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Vol. 6:1 (2019) ► pp.119–161

The phonological word in the Ningbo dialect

| Indiana University

This paper examines the domain of the prosodic word in the Ningbo dialect. The goal of this paper is to provide a critical review of the studies on the prosodic word (PW) in various languages of the world, and to investigate the phonological phenomena within the domain formed by morpho-syntactic words in the Ningbo dialect as well as discussing the role that the prosodic word plays in the phonological rule application in the Ningbo dialect.

This paper provides a complete survey on various types of morpho-syntactic formation in the Ningbo dialect as well as examining the application of phonological phenomena with reference to the different types of morpho-syntactic words. It will show that the lexical tone sandhi rule (LTS) applies within the domain formed by the major types of morpho-syntactic words in Ningbo dialect. However, pure phonological information may also affect the application of LTS.

Keywords: prosodic phonology, Ningbo dialect, prosodic word, tone sandhi, diminutive, lexical phonology, minimal word requirement
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1Definition of the prosodic word
    • 1.2The prosodic word domain
  • 2.Diagnostics for the prosodic word
  • 3.Morphosyntactic words in the Ningbo dialect
    • 3.1Monomorphemic words
    • 3.2Derived words
      • 3.2.1Prefix 阿‑ [aʔ]
      • 3.2.2Prefix 老‑ [lɐu]
      • 3.2.3Suffix -头 [dəʏ]
      • 3.2.4Suffix -子 [tsɿ]
      • 3.2.5Suffix -刮气 [kuaʔ hi]
      • 3.2.6Infix -打‑ [tã]
      • 3.2.7Infix -刮‑ [kuaʔ] or -刮斯‑ [kuaʔ sɿ]
      • 3.2.8Infix -得斯‑ [taʔ sɿ]
      • 3.2.9Derived words containing more than one affixes
    • 3.3Compounds
      • 3.3.1Subject-verb compounds
      • 3.3.2Verb-object compounds
      • 3.3.3Adverbial modifier-head and adnominal modifier-head compounds
      • 3.3.4Coordination compounds
      • 3.3.5Verb-complement compounds
    • 3.4Reduplication
      • 3.4.1Reduplicated nouns
      • 3.4.2Reduplicated adjectives
      • 3.4.3Reduplicated verbs
    • 3.5Summary
  • 4.Phonological rule application in the phonological word domain in the Ningbo dialect
    • 4.1Application of phonological tone sandhi
      • 4.1.1Application of LTS in monomorphemic words, derived words and compound words
      • 4.1.2Application of LTS in reduplicated nouns, adjectives, verbs, or quantifiers
      • 4.1.5Summary
    • 4.2Diminutive tone sandhi
      • 4.2.1Diminutive nouns and diminutive tone sandhi
      • 4.2.2Diminutive adjectives and verbs
      • 4.2.3LTS vs. DTS in the Ningbo dialect
    • 4.3Lexical diffusion in the Ningbo dialect
    • 4.4TS within longer polysyllabic words
      • 4.4.1Rhythm effect in the TS for monomorphemic words
      • 4.4.2Re-division of domain within longer compounds
      • 4.4.3Minimal and Maximal Requirements
  • 5.Conclusion
  • References
Published online: 2 July 2019
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.19004.lyu
References

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