This paper deals with the semantics of two discourse markers, viz. French en fait (“in fact”) and Dutch eigenlijk (“actually”), commonly associated with the expression of “opposition” and “reformulation”. A special focus lies on methodological issues in the description of such markers, since their non-propositional meanings seem to require what is called a ‘combined corpus approach’, including written and spoken comparable data as well as translation corpora. It is argued that eigenlijk and en fait are best described as adversatives, at the intersection of “opposition” and “reformulation” which constitute their basic meanings, and from which other meanings such as “causality”, “counterexpectation”, “enhancement” and “attenuation” can be inferred. Evidence from all sets of corpora moreover suggests that it is the semantic underspecification of en fait and (especially) eigenlijk which ultimately accounts for their high level of polysemy.
2021. Managing interpersonal discourse expectations: a comparative analysis of contrastive discourse particles in Dutch. Linguistics 59:2 ► pp. 333 ff.
Buysse, Lieven
2020. ‘It was a bit stressy as well actually’. The pragmatic markers actually and in fact in spoken learner English. Journal of Pragmatics 156 ► pp. 28 ff.
Crible, Ludivine, Ágnes Abuczki, Nijolė Burkšaitienė, Péter Furkó, Anna Nedoluzhko, Sigita Rackevičienė, Giedrė Valūnaitė Oleškevičienė & Šárka Zikánová
2019. Functions and translations of discourse markers in TED Talks: A parallel corpus study of underspecification in five languages. Journal of Pragmatics 142 ► pp. 139 ff.
Degand, Liesbeth & Geertje van Bergen
2018. Discourse Markers as Turn-Transition Devices: Evidence From Speech and Instant Messaging. Discourse Processes 55:1 ► pp. 47 ff.
2018. Linguistic expectation management in online discourse processing: An investigation of Dutch inderdaad 'indeed' and eigenlijk 'actually'. Journal of Memory and Language 103 ► pp. 191 ff.
Bardzokas, Valandis
2017. Conceptual and Procedural Aspects of Causal Meaning: Corpus-Analytic Evidence from Modern Greek. Corpus Pragmatics 1:3 ► pp. 257 ff.
2017. Adversative Pragmatic Markers in Learner Language: A Cross-Sectional Perspective. Corpus Pragmatics 1:2 ► pp. 135 ff.
Götz, Andrea
2016. Vajon in Translated Hungarian. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 8:3 ► pp. 31 ff.
Lamiroy, Béatrice & Gudrun Vanderbauwhede
2016. Les marqueurs de discours en effet, en fait, de fait, en réalité et leurs équivalents en néerlandais : indices de grammaticalisation. In Connexion et indexation,
Bolly, Catherine T., Ludivine Crible, Liesbeth Degand & Deniz Uygur-Distexhe
2015. MDMA. Un modèle pour l’identification et l’annotation des marqueurs discursifs « potentiels » en contexte. Discours :16
Iruskieta, Mikel, Iria da Cunha & Maite Taboada
2015. A qualitative comparison method for rhetorical structures: identifying different discourse structures in multilingual corpora. Language Resources and Evaluation 49:2 ► pp. 263 ff.
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