Article published in:
Gender Across Languages: Volume 4
Edited by Marlis Hellinger and Heiko Motschenbacher
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 36] 2015
► pp. 27–48

Some new perspectives on gendered language structures

| Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany
Published online: 09 April 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.36.02mot
References
Baker, Paul
2008 “ ‘Eligible’ bachelors and ‘frustrated’ spinsters. Corpus linguistics, gender and language.” In Gender and language research methodologies, eds. Kate Harrington & Lia Litosseliti & Helen Sauntson & Jane Sunderland. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 73–84.Google Scholar
2010 “Will Ms ever be as frequent as Mr? A corpus-based comparison of gendered terms across four diachronic corpora of British English.” Gender and Language 4(1): 125–149. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2014 Using corpora to analyze gender. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Baron, Dennis
1986 Grammar and gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Barrett, Rusty
2002 “Is queer theory important for sociolinguistic theory?” In Language and sexuality: Contesting meaning in theory and practice, eds. Kathryn Campbell-Kibler & Robert J. Podesva & Sarah J. Roberts & Andrew Wong. Stanford, CA: CSLI, 25–43.Google Scholar
Blake, Christopher & Christoph Klimmt
2010 “Geschlechtergerechte Formulierungen in Nachrichtentexten.” Publizistik 55(3): 289–304. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bodine, Ann
1975 “Androcentrism in prescriptive grammar. Singular ‘they’, sex-indefinite ‘he’, and ‘he or she’.” Language in Society 4(2): 129–146. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Braun, Friederike & Susanne Oelkers & Karin Rogalski & Janine Bosak & Sabine Sczesny
2007 “ ‘Aus Gründen der Verständlichkeit …’. Der Einfluss generisch maskuliner und alternativer Personenbezeichnungen auf die kognitive Verarbeitung von Texten.” Psychologische Rundschau 58(3): 183–189. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Butler, Judith
1990 Gender trouble. Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
1997 Excitable speech. A politics of the performative. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bybee, Joan & Paul Hopper
2001 “Introduction to frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure.” In Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure, eds. Joan Bybee & Paul Hopper. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–24. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cacciari, Cristina & Roberto Padovani
2007 “Further evidence of gender stereotype priming in language. Semantic facilitation and inhibition in Italian role nouns.” Applied Psycholinguistics 28: 277–293. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, Deborah
1995 Verbal hygiene. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Corbett, Greville G
2005 “Sex-based and non-sex-based gender systems.” In The world atlas of language structures, eds. Martin Haspelmath & Matthew Dryer & David Gil & Bernard Comrie. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 130–133.Google Scholar
Cralley, Elizabeth L. & Janet B. Ruscher
2005 “ Lady, girl, female, or woman. Sexism and cognitive busyness predict use of gender-biased nouns.” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 24(3): 300–314. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dant, Doris
2013 “Mom and dad but men and women.” In Corpus perspectives on patterns of lexis, eds. Hilde Hasselgård & Jarle Ebeling & Signe Oksefjell Ebeling. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 35–46. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Jenny L. , Lal Zimman & Joshua Raclaw
2014 “Opposites attract: Retheorizing binaries in language, gender, and sexuality.” In Queer excursions: Retheorizing binaries in language, gender, and sexuality, eds. Lal Zimman & Jenny Davis & Joshua Raclaw. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1–12. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
de Backer, Maarten & Ludovic de Cuypere
2012 “The interpretation of masculine personal nouns in German and Dutch. A comparative experimental study.” Language Sciences 34(3): 253–268. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Duke, Janet
2009 The development of gender as a grammatical category. Five case studies from the Germanic languages. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, Susan & Ruth King
1992 “Gender-based language reform and the social construction of meaning.” Discourse & Society 3(2): 151–166. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, Susan & Miriam Meyerhoff & Janet Holmes
eds. 2014 The handbook of language, gender, and sexuality. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Elmiger, Daniel
2009 “Sprachliche Gleichbehandlung von Frau und Mann. Eine korpusgestützte Untersuchung über den Sprachwandel in der Schweiz.” Linguistik Online 39(3): 61–73.Google Scholar
Esaulova, Yulia & Chiara Reali & Lisa von Stockhausen
2014 “Influences of grammatical and stereotypical gender during reading: Eye movements in pronominal and noun phrase anaphor resolution.” Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 29(7): 781–803. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Everett, Caleb
2008 “Evidence for language-mediated thought in the perception of non-gendered figures.” Texas Linguistic Forum 52: 24–33.Google Scholar
2011 “Gender, pronouns and thought. The ligature between epicene pronouns and a more neutral gender perception.” Gender and Language 5(1): 133–152. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Formanowicz, Magdalena & Sylwia Bedynska & Aleksandra Cislak & Friederike Braun & Sabine Sczesny
2013 “Side effects of gender-fair language. How feminine job titles influence the evaluation of female applicants.” European Journal of Social Psychology 43(1): 62–71. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gabriel, Ute & Pascal Gygax & Oriane Sarrasin & Alan Garnham & Jane Oakhill
2008 “Au pairs are rarely male. Norms on the gender perception of role names across English, French, and German.” Behavior Research Methods 40(1): 206–212. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Garnham, Alan & Ute Gabriel & Oriane Sarrasin & Pascal Gygax & Jane Oakhill
2012 “Gender representation in different languages and grammatical marking on pronouns. When beauticians, musicians, and mechanics remain men.” Discourse Processes 49(6): 481–500. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Geyer, Klaus
2010 “Genus und Genuskonflikte in einigen europäischen Sprachen.“ In Aspekte der Sprachwissenschaft: Linguistik-Tage Jena. 18. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Sprache und Sprachen e.V., ed. Bettina Bock. Hamburg: Dr. Kovač, 409–422.Google Scholar
Goutsos, Dionysis & Georgia Fragaki
2009 “Lexical choices of gender identity in Greek genres. The view from corpora.” Pragmatics 19(3): 317–340. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gygax, Pascal & Ute Gabriel
2011 “Gender representation in language: More than meets the eye.” In Language-cognition interface: State of the art, eds. Ramesh Kumar Mishra & Narayanan Srinivasan. München: Lincom Europa, 72–92.Google Scholar
Gygax, Pascal & Ute Gabriel & Arik Lévy & Eva Pool & Marjorie Grivel & Elena Pedrazzini
2012 “The masculine form and its competing interpretations in French. When linking grammatically masculine role names to female referents is difficult.” Journal of Cognitive Psychology 24(4): 395–408. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gygax, Pascal & Ute Gabriel & Oriane Sarrasin & Jane Oakhill & Alan Garnham
2008 “Generically intended, but specifically interpreted. When beauticians, musicians, and mechanics are all men.” Language and Cognitive Processes 23(3): 1–22. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2009 “Some grammatical rules are more difficult than others. The case of the generic interpretation of the masculine.” European Journal of Psychology of Education 24(4): 235–246. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Kira
2013 “ ‘It’s a hijra!’. Queer linguistics revisited.” Discourse & Society 24(5): 634–642. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Harrington, Kate & Lia Litosseliti & Helen Sauntson & Jane Sunderland
eds. 2008 Gender and language research methodologies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hellinger, Marlis
2006 “Sexist language.” In Encyclopedia of language and linguistics: Volume XI, ed. Edward K. Brown. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 265-272. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011 “Guidelines for non-discriminatory language use.” In The Sage handbook of sociolinguistics, eds. Ruth Wodak & Barbara Johnstone & Paul Kerswill. London: Sage, 565–582. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hellinger, Marlis & Anne Pauwels
2007 “Language and sexism.” In Handbook of language and communication: Diversity and change, eds. Marlis Hellinger & Anne Pauwels. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 651–684. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Henley, Nancy M. & Joselito Abueg
2003 “A review and synthesis of research on comprehension of the masculine as a generic form in English.” Estudios de Sociolingüística 4(2): 427–454.Google Scholar
Holmes, Janet & Miriam Meyerhoff
eds. 2003 The handbook of language and gender. Oxford: Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, Janet & Robert Sigley
2002 “What’s a word like girl doing in a place like this? Occupational labels, sexist usages and corpus research.” In New frontiers of corpus research. Papers from the Twenty First International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora, Sydney 2000 , eds. Pam Peters & Peter Collins & Adam Smith. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 247–263.Google Scholar
Holmes, Janet & Robert Sigley & Agnes Terraschke
2009 “From chairman to chairwoman to chairperson. Exploring the move from sexist usages to gender neutrality.” In Comparative studies in Australian and New Zealand English, eds. Pam Peters & Peter Collins & Adam Smith. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 181–202. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hornscheidt, Antje Lann
2011 “Feminist language politics in Europe.” In The languages and linguistics of Europe: A comprehensive guide, eds. Bernd Kortmann & Johan van der Auwera. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 575–590. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Irmen, Lisa & Julia Kurovskaja
2010 “On the semantic content of grammatical gender and its impact on the representation of human referents.” Experimental Psychology 57(5): 367–375. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Irmen, Lisa & Eva Schumann
2011 “Processing grammatical gender of role nouns. Further evidence from eye movements.” Journal of Cognitive Psychology 23(8): 998–1014. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Janse, Mark & Brian D. Joseph & Gunther de Vogelaer
2011 “Changing gender systems. A multidisciplinary approach.” Folia Linguistica 45(2): 237–244. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Johnsen, Ole Ringdal
2008 “ ‘He’s a big old girl!’ Negotiation by gender inversion in gay men’s speech.” Journal of Homosexuality 54(1/2): 150–168. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kennison, Shelia M. & Jessie L. Trofe
2003 “Comprehending pronouns. A role for word-specific gender stereotype information.” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 32(3): 355–378. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Khan, Manizeh & Meredyth Daneman
2011 “How readers spontaneously interpret man-suffix words. Evidence from eye movements.” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 40(5/6): 351–366. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kreiner, Hamutal & Patrick Sturt & Simon Garrod
2008 “Processing definitional and stereotypical gender in reference resolution. Evidence from eye-movements.” Journal of Memory and Language 58(2): 239–261. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kubaszczyk, Joanna
2006 “Movierung und andere Wortbildungsmöglichkeiten sexusmarkierter Personenbezeichnungen im Polnischen und im Deutschen.” Deutsche Sprache 34(3): 221–232.Google Scholar
Lakoff, Robin
1975 Language and woman's place. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Lazovic, Vesna
2009 “Cross-cultural semantic equivalence of some gender-related words.” English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 6(1/2): 7–18.Google Scholar
Leap, William L
forthcoming. “Review of The handbook of language, gender, and sexuality eds. Susan Ehrlich & Miriam Meyerhoff & Janet Holmes Chichester Wiley-Blackwell (2014) Journal of Language and Sexuality 4(1)
Luraghi, Silvia
2011 “The origin of the Proto-Indo-European gender system. Typological considerations.” Folia Linguistica 45(2): 435–463. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Madson Laura & Jennifer Shoda
2006 “Alternating between masculine and feminine pronouns. Does essay topic affect readers’ perceptions?” Sex Roles 54(3/4): 275–286. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Maltz, Daniel N. & Ruth A. Borker
1982 “A cultural approach to male-female miscommunication.” In Language and social identity, ed. John J. Gumperz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 195–216.Google Scholar
McConnell-Ginet, Sally
2003 “ ‘What’s in a name?’ Social labeling and gender practices.” In The handbook of language and gender, eds. Janet Holmes & Miriam Meyerhoff. Oxford: Blackwell, 69–97. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Megan M. & Lori E. James
2009 “Is the generic pronoun he still comprehended as excluding women?” American Journal of Psychology122(4): 483–496.Google Scholar
Mills, Sara
2004 “Third wave feminist linguistics and the analysis of sexism.” Discourse Analysis Online 2: http://​www​.shu​.ac​.uk​/daol​/articles​/open​/2003​/001​/mills2003001​-paper​.html (26 September 2014).Google Scholar
2008 Language and sexism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Misersky, Julia & Pascal M. Gygax & Paolo Canal & Ute Gabriel & Alan Garnham & Friederike Braun
2014 “Norms on the gender perception of role nouns in Czech, English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, and Slovak.” Behavior Research Methods 46(3): 841–871.Google Scholar
Mollin, Sandra
2013 “Pathways of change in the diachronic development of binomial reversibility in Late Modern American English.” Journal of English Linguistics 41(2): 168–203. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Moon, Rosamund
2014 “From gorgeous to grumpy: Adjectives, age, and gender.” Gender and Language 8(1): 5–41. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Moser, Franziska & Sayaka Sato & Tania Chiarini & Karolina Dmitrow-Devold & Elisabeth Kuhn
2011 Comparative analysis of existing guidelines for gender-fair language within the ITN LCG network. Bern: Language Cognition Gender – Marie Curie Initial Training Network.Google Scholar
Motschenbacher, Heiko
2008 “Structural linguistic gender categories and discursive materialization. A deconstructionist analysis.” Indiana University Working Papers in Linguistics 7: 21–46.Google Scholar
2010a Language, gender and sexual identity: Poststructuralist perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2010b “Female-as-norm (FAN): A typology of female and feminine generics.” In Language in its socio-cultural context: New explorations in gendered, global and media uses, eds. Markus Bieswanger & Heiko Motschenbacher & Susanne Mühleisen. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 35–67.Google Scholar
2012 An interdisciplinary bibliography on language, gender and sexuality (2000–2011). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2013 “Gentlemen before ladies? A corpus-based study of conjunct order in personal binomials.” Journal of English Linguistics 41(3): 212–242. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2014 “Grammatical gender as a challenge for language policy: The (im)possibility of non-heteronormative language use in German versus English.” Language Policy 13(3): 243–261. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
forthcoming. “A discursive approach to structural gender linguistics: Initial considerations.” In Gender and the periphery: Grammatical and social gender from the margins eds. Julie Abbou & Fabienne Baider Amsterdam John Benjamins
Oakhill, Jane & Alan Garnham & David Reynolds
2005 “Immediate activation of stereotypical gender information.” Memory & Cognition 33(6): 972–983. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pauwels, Anne
2003 “Linguistic sexism and feminist linguistic activism.” In The handbook of language and gender, eds. Janet Holmes & Miriam Meyerhoff. Oxford: Blackwell, 550–570. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2010 “Socially motivated language reform in a global lingua franca. The case of gender reform in English.” In Language in its socio-cultural context: New explorations in gendered, global and media uses, eds. Markus Bieswanger & Heiko Motschenbacher & Susanne Mühleisen. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 21–33.Google Scholar
2011 “Planning for a global lingua franca. Challenges for feminist language planning in English(es) around the world.” Current Issues in Language Planning 12(1): 9–19. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, Michael
2008 “Investigating the collocational behaviour of MAN and WOMAN in the BNC using Sketch Engine.” Corpora 3(1): 1–29. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pettersson, Magnus
2011 Geschlechtsübergreifende Personenbezeichnungen. Eine Referenz- und Relevanzanalyse an Texten. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Posch, Claudia
2011 “From Aktieninhaberin to Freakin. A corpus-based study on the usage of the suffix ‘-in’ in German.” In Proceedings of the 6th Biennial International Gender and Language Association Conference IGALA 6, eds. Claire Maree & Kyoko Satoh. Tokyo: Tsuda College, 301–315.Google Scholar
Prewitt-Freilino, Jennifer L. & T. Andrew Caswell & Emmi K. Laakso
2012 “The gendering of language. A comparison of gender equality in countries with gendered, natural gender, and genderless languages.” Sex Roles 66(3/4): 268–281. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pyykkönen, Pirita & Jukka Hyönä & Roger P. van Gompel
2010 “Activating gender stereotypes during online spoken language processing. Evidence from visual world eye tracking.” Experimental Psychology 57(2): 126–133. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Queen, Robin
2006 “Heterosexism and/in language.” In Encyclopedia of language and linguistics: Volume V, ed. Edward K. Brown. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 289–292. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, David J. & Alan Garnham & Jane Oakhill
2006 “Evidence of immediate activation of gender information from a social role name.” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 59(5): 886–903. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sarrasin, Oriane & Ute Gabriel & Pascal Gygax
2012 “Sexism and attitudes toward gender-neutral language. The case of English, French, and German.” Swiss Journal of Psychology 71(3): 113–124. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sato, Sayaka & Pascal M. Gygax & Ute Gabriel
2013 “Gender inferences. Grammatical features and their impact on the representation of gender in bilinguals.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16(4): 792–807. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schiller, Niels O. & Teresa Schuhmann & Alessia C. Neyndorff & Bernadette M. Jansmaa
2006 “The influence of semantic category membership on syntactic decisions. A study using event-related brain potentials.” Brain Research 1082: 153–164. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, Muriel R
1975 “The semantic derogation of woman.” In Language and sex: Difference and dominance, eds. Barrie Thorne & Nancy Henley. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 64–75.Google Scholar
Schwarze, Brigitte
2008 Genus im Sprachvergleich. Klassifikation und Kongruenz im Spanischen, Französischen und Deutschen. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.Google Scholar
Siewierska, Anna
2005 “Gender distinctions in independent personal pronouns.” In The world atlas of language structures, eds. Martin Haspelmath & Matthew Dryer & David Gil & Bernard Comrie. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 182–185.Google Scholar
Sigley, Robert & Janet Holmes
2002 “Looking at girls in corpora of English.” Journal of English Linguistics 30(2): 138–157. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Siyanova-Chanturia, Anna & Francesca Pesciarelli & Cristina Cacciari & Kevin Paterson
2012 “The electrophysiological underpinnings of processing gender stereotypes in language.” PLoS ONE 7(12): 1–11. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Spender, Dale
1980 Man made language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Steiger-Loerbroks, Vera & Lisa von Stockhausen
2014 “Mental representations of gender-fair nouns in German legal language: An eye-movement and questionnaire-based study.” Linguistische Berichte237: 57–80.Google Scholar
Tannen, Deborah
1990 You just don’t understand. Women and men in conversation. New York: William Morrow.Google Scholar
Thorne, Barrie & Cheris Kramarae & Nancy Henley
eds. 1983 Language, gender and society. Rowley: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Thüne, Eva-Maria & Simona Leonardi & Carla Bazzanella
eds. 2006 Gender, language and new literacy: A multilingual analysis. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
van der Gucht, Fieke
2003 “A corpus-based research on the formation of feminine function names in Dutch, German and English.” In PALC 2001. Practical applications in language corpora, ed. Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 343–363.Google Scholar
Vervecken, Dries & Bettina Hannover
2012 “Ambassadors of gender equality? How use of pair forms versus masculines as generics impacts perception of the speaker.” European Journal of Social Psychology 42(6): 754–762. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Vervecken, Dries & Bettina Hannover & Ilka Wolter
2013 “Changing (s)expectations: How gender fair job descriptions impact children’s perceptions and interest regarding traditionally male occupations.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 82(3): 208–220. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wasserman, Benjamin D. & Allyson J. Weseley
2009 “¿Qué? Quoi? Do languages with grammatical gender promote sexist attitudes?” Sex Roles61(9/10): 634–643. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Winter, Joanne & Anne Pauwels
2006 “The personing of neutral inclusivity. Tracing the spread of person compounds in occupational naming.” In Selected papers from the 2005 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, ed. Keith Allen. Victoria: Australian Linguistic Society, 1–12.Google Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 2 other publications

Motschenbacher, Heiko
2016.  In Gender, Language and the Periphery [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 264], ► pp. 65 ff. Crossref logo
Rao, Prashanth & Maite Taboada
2021. Gender Bias in the News: A Scalable Topic Modelling and Visualization Framework. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 4 Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 may 2022. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.