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Part of
Integration, Identity and Language Maintenance in Young Immigrants: Russian Germans or German Russians
Edited by Ludmila Isurin and Claudia Maria Riehl
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 44] 2017
► pp. 281–285

Index

A

  • Accent 22, 34–35, 88, 144–145, 154, 168, 171–173, 176
  • Accommodate1
  • Acculturation 1, 52, 55–56, 75, 81, 137–140, 142, 145, 153–156, 276
  • framework 8, 135, 137–138, 154–155, 273, 276
  • Adaptation 3, 6, 43, 56, 62, 77, 135, 137, 142, 276
  • Adolescents 7–8, 35, 70, 73, 75–78, 85–87, 93–94, 191–192, 197–199, 201, 205, 208, 210–213, 219, 271
  • Adjustment 70, 73, 94, 137, 271
  • Affective component 205–206, 208
  • Alveolar stops238
  • Animacy202
  • Anniversary interviews 165–168, 176, 183–186, 188
  • Aspiration 248, 251, 257–259
  • Assimilate 13, 18, 81, 100, 132
  • Assimilation 17, 28–29, 55–56, 69, 74, 84, 91, 137 ; see also segmented assimilation 56, 276
  • Aussiedler 2, 5, 36, 41, 44–48, 53, 55–56, 60, 71, 73, 84, 92–93, 151, 159
  • Aussiedlerisch 173

B

  • Basic interpersonal communicative skills 161, 183
  • Belonging 1, 3, 8, 32, 34–36, 41–42, 45, 48, 50–52, 56, 59–60, 88–90, 94, 106, 135, 140, 146, 180, 190, 270–271, 273, 275
  • Blends172
  • Bilabial stops 238, 247
  • Bilingual
    • development 159–160, 164, 233
    • education 57, 161–162
    • language acquisition 226, 228
    • programs271
  • Bicultural 69, 76, 80–81, 161
  • Boundary-making approach43

C

  • Calques 27, 172
  • Code-mixing 57, 123–128, 130–132
  • Cognitive component 207–209
  • Contact varieties 17–18, 27
  • Context of reception65
  • Convergence 55, 225, 257–260
  • Cross-cultural comparison 271, 275–276
  • Cross-language contact232
  • Cross-linguistic influence 226, 233–234, 254, 256–257, 261
  • Cross-linguistic structures232
  • Culturalsee also bicultural 69, 76, 80–81, 161
    • authenticity5
    • background 56, 61, 117, 150, 153, 155, 270, 278
    • identity 43, 46, 80, 88, 94
    • integration 63, 80, 138
    • practices 42, 49, 52, 60, 69, 76, 208, 274
    • traditions 5, 30, 49, 51, 58–59, 81, 207

D

  • Decision making process142
  • Dental stops 247, 250–251, 254, 256
  • Dialects 11, 15, 17–18, 20–21, 23–24, 26–28, 36, 56, 107, 121, 129, 168, 181, 232
  • Diglossia17
  • Discrimination 3, 15, 44, 47, 49–50, 87, 147, 153, 162, 164, 185, 187–189, 247 ; see also institutional discrimination185structural discrimination191
  • Dominant language 22, 36, 162, 168–169, 198, 226, 231, 239, 259, 271
  • Dual training programs191

E

  • Educationalsee also university education87
    • background107
    • contexts 160–161
    • institutions 62, 160, 180, 278
    • mobility 82, 84, 90, 94 ; see also occupational mobility 71, 75, 84, 88, 94 ; social mobility 69, 75, 83, 86–87, 276
    • standards75
  • Emotional attachment 29, 273
  • Environment 6, 13, 22, 24, 26, 100, 102, 106, 109, 111, 114, 117–118, 121, 124, 128–132, 163, 165, 181, 189, 198, 205, 226, 228–229, 237, 271
  • Ethnicity 2, 5–6, 13–14, 35–36, 102–103, 107, 109–110, 129–130, 138, 140, 143–145, 147, 153, 155–156, 166, 269, 273–274
  • Ethnic
    • affiliation28
    • group formation41
    • Germans 2–7, 14, 16, 41–62, 73, 135–137, 144, 148–149, 151–152, 154, 159, 162, 166, 179, 200, 273–274, 276
    • Russians 2–3, 5, 7–8, 22, 31, 76, 135, 137, 139, 143–148, 151–155, 166, 270, 272, 274–275, 277
  • Exposure 85, 89, 111, 142–143, 230, 232, 235, 257, 259
  • External antecedents 138, 153

F

  • Family language policy 226–227, 229
  • Familylect234
  • Foreign language 16, 23, 33, 35–36, 41, 74, 141, 144, 179–180, 187, 257

G

  • Generalized term Russian 150–152
  • Gender 17, 50, 101, 107, 109, 155, 229, 238
  • Generation 1.5 69, 106
  • Germansee also ethnic Germans 2–3, 5–7, 14, 16, 41–47, 49–63, 73, 135–137, 144, 148–149, 151–152, 154, 159, 162, 166, 179, 200, 273, 276 standard German 19–21, 23–25, 28, 36, 130, 168 Volga German 17, 27, 49
    • classes 15, 25
    • colonies 13–14, 17
    • culture 3, 28, 33, 91, 147, 151, 153, 208–209, 274
    • language test 45, 57
    • language competence 15, 52, 55–57, 60–61, 167
    • minority 13–14, 16, 37, 43, 49–50, 58, 274
  • German-Russian hybrid175
  • Germanness 31, 35, 114, 128–129
  • Grammatical feature 123, 233
    • skills226
  • Grammaticality judgment task 8, 201–204, 211, 213, 215–220, 276

H

  • Heritage language 4, 6, 8, 159–160, 162, 179, 197, 199, 225–233, 240, 259, 269, 271–273, 276
    • acquisition 9, 174, 211, 233, 259
    • literacy227
    • maintenance 6, 225–227, 229, 273
    • transmission 229, 272
  • Hybrid formation173see also German-Russian hybrid175

I

  • Identity 1, 3–8, 11, 13, 15, 27–29, 31, 34–37, 41–43, 46, 48–50, 60, 72–73, 77, 80, 84, 88–89, 92, 94–99, 102, 118, 124, 126, 128–130, 137–138, 140, 142–156, 198–199, 205, 225, 269, 273–278 see also cultural identity 43, 46, 80, 88, 94 German identity 13, 15, 27–28, 36, 50, 99, 128, 273 hybrid identity 32, 35, 37, 274
    • see also self-identity 80–81, 92, 274
    hybrid German-Russian175theory of social identity146
    • building 3, 6
    • concepts 11, 35, 37, 274
    • community 124, 273
    • construction 7, 37, 128
    • formation 1, 4, 7–8, 11, 35–37, 41–43, 48–49, 60, 150, 225, 269, 273–278
    • group 29, 31, 42, 48, 118, 150
    • Jewish 72, 84, 89, 148–149, 152–153
    • negotiation 5, 8, 99, 118, 129, 135, 137–138, 140, 142–143, 145, 148–149, 153, 155–156, 269, 273–274, 276–277
    • transformation140
  • Immigrants
    • Jewish 41–43, 47–52, 54–57, 59–62, 70–72, 76, 81, 84, 87, 90, 99–100, 135–136, 139, 141–144, 147–148, 151, 153–155, 200, 270, 272, 274–275, 278
    • influx of 3, 23, 70, 74
    • second generation of 61, 197, 219, 258
    • trajectories 69, 75, 275–276
  • Immigrationsee also German Immigration Act 45–47 group-based immigration141
    • challenges136
    • motives153
  • Immersion 81, 86, 91, 161, 184
  • In-depth analysis 8, 153, 233, 273, 275–276
  • Interference 232, 259, 272
  • Influence 6, 17–18, 60, 75, 101, 160, 164, 172, 198, 204–205, 211, 226, 229, 231, 233–234, 239–240, 254, 256–257, 261, 269
  • Input 57, 171, 174, 182, 225–234, 239, 255, 257, 259–261, 272, 278 see also parental input 225–227, 229–234, 259–261, 272 variation in parental input 233, 260
    • amount of 230, 231
    • features233
    • frequency 228–229, 231
    • quality of228
    • quantity of 228, 259
  • Institutional discrimination185see also discrimination 3, 15, 43–44, 47, 49–50, 87, 147, 153, 162, 164, 185, 187–189, 191–192, 247
  • Integration 1–7, 19, 27, 41–45, 48, 50–56, 58–62, 69–70, 72, 74–75, 77, 80, 83–84, 87, 94, 105–106, 127, 136–140, 145, 153–157, 159–160, 162–165, 167, 179–180, 182–184, 186–187, 189–191, 269–271, 274–278 see also cultural integration 63, 80, 138
    • domains of190
    • medium183
    • paths5
    • policy 43, 61, 270
  • Internal antecedents 138, 153
  • Internet 77–78, 91, 180
  • Interview 8, 22, 27, 32–33, 70, 78, 81, 103–106, 126, 140, 146, 149, 153, 165–170, 178, 201, 203, 207, 212, 236, 243, 249–250, 276–278 ; see also anniversary interviews 165–168, 176, 183–186, 188 ; semi-structured interviews 8, 140, 166 ; sociolinguistic interview 8, 103, 277 ; structured interview 140, 201, 203
  • Israel 3–4, 7–8, 69–81, 83–88, 90, 92, 94, 109, 130, 135–136, 145, 148, 151, 227, 270–271, 274–276, 278

J

  • Jüdische Kontingentflüchtlinge 41–42

K

  • Koines17

L

  • Languagesee also bilingual language acquisition 226, 228 dominant language 22, 36, 162, 168–169, 198, 226, 231, 239, 259, 271 foreign language 16, 23, 33, 35–36, 41, 74, 141, 144, 179–180, 187 language test 45, 57 standard language183pluralistic language policy 161, 192
    • attitude 7–8, 11, 22, 140, 144, 153, 209, 216, 272, 278
    • attrition 15, 20, 24, 27, 34, 76, 142, 198, 204, 211, 225, 226, 230, 233, 257–260, 272
    • barrier 87, 142
    • biography 22, 169, 201
    • change 8, 226, 246, 256, 258, 260, 277
    • choice 104, 201, 209, 227
    • classes 106, 174, 201, 211–212, 219, 235, 271
    • competence 8, 15, 21–22, 24, 29, 36, 52, 55–57, 60–62, 201, 203, 209, 211, 272, 276 ; see also German language competence 15, 52, 55–57, 60–61
    • contact 6, 18–19, 21, 164, 225–226, 232–233, 239, 260–261 ; see also cross-language contact232
    • decline164
    • development 11, 160, 162–164, 181–182, 226–228, 231
    • exposure230
    • fluency140
    • ideologies 5, 8, 102, 104, 272
    • limitations71
    • maintenance 1, 3–8, 14, 29, 37, 49, 99–102, 118, 121, 127, 131–132, 138, 140, 142–145, 154–156, 175, 191, 197, 204, 220, 225–229, 269, 271–273, 275–278
      • measures191
    • mixing 21, 230
    • of education 12, 186, 210, 271
    • proficiency 52, 54, 57, 60, 139, 161, 174, 183–184, 230
    • skills in Russian211
    • transmission 6–7, 11, 26, 228–229, 269, 278
    • use 7–8, 11, 22–24, 27, 36–37, 57, 102, 104, 117–123, 127–128, 131–132, 164, 166, 177, 181, 190, 200–201, 228–229, 231–233, 274, 277
    • shift 1, 57, 99, 101–102, 129, 131–132, 225, 276
    • variation 101, 232
    • varieties of228
  • Length of residency140
  • Lexical
    • competence227
    • knowledge227
  • Lingua franca 181–182
  • Linguisticsee also cross-linguistic influence 226, 233–234, 254, 256–257, 261 cross-linguistic structures232
    • behavior 6, 101–102, 120, 131–132, 273
    • background 2–3, 100, 103
    • differentiation104
    • integration 105, 159, 163–165, 179–180, 190
    • marker 152, 189
    • performance 4, 6, 139, 199, 271
    • practices 52, 69, 126, 128, 130–131
    • preferences77
  • LiPS Panel Study 235, 261
  • Literacy 21, 23, 25, 34, 36, 72, 78, 126–127, 169, 171, 186, 227, 272
  • Loan translation19
  • Longitudinal data276

M

  • Majority
    • community 230, 232, 259, 272
    • language 101, 183, 188, 191, 229–230, 233, 257, 272, 274
    • group 3, 145, 153
  • Media 2, 15, 62, 72, 76–77, 79–81, 84, 86, 91, 93, 140–141, 143, 151, 187, 227, 235 see also social media 77, 81, 84, 140
    • consumption 76–77
  • Minorities 16, 34, 42–43, 55, 58, 87, 91–92, 94, 142, 145
    • communities161
    • populations 3, 50
  • Mixed speech6
  • Monolingual baseline 239, 245, 247–249, 251, 256–257
  • Mother tongue 6, 15–16, 26, 29–30, 34–35, 50, 62, 90, 180, 182, 206, 273
    • instruction 16, 26, 180
  • Motivational factors 140–141, 155
  • Multilingualism 5, 23, 160–162, 180
  • Multicultural society2
  • Multiculturalism5
  • Multikulti concept 2

N

  • Narration 202–204, 213, 215, 217, 219, 249, 260
  • Nationality 2, 15, 28–29, 31, 34, 59, 145–146, 149, 153
  • Native
    • country 135, 146–147, 274
    • culture146
    • like attainment256
    • -ness6
    • speaker 6, 35, 235
  • Networksee also social networks 8, 57, 86, 90, 99–102, 106, 108, 117, 122, 127–128, 130–132, 137, 140, 189, 270, 273, 276
    • constellations273
    • structures 48, 58, 102

O

  • Occupational
    • downgrading 55, 86
    • mobility 71, 75, 84, 88, 94 ; see also educational mobility 69, 82, 84, 90, 94 ; social mobility 69, 75, 83, 86–87, 276
  • Oral communication 19, 168, 190
  • Outsiders 4, 91, 147

P

  • Parental input 225–227, 229–234, 259–261, 272
    • generation 27, 102, 147, 174, 181
  • Parenting 72, 8
  • Phonetic
    • basis236
    • difference236
    • feature 226, 233
    • integration19
    • phenomena261
  • Phonological contrast236
  • Picture
    • book narration204
    • story 236, 243, 249
  • Place of articulation 238, 244–248, 251, 254
  • Plosives 17, 236, 238–239, 241, 243–244, 246, 258, 260
  • Pluralistic language policy 161, 192
  • Praat236
  • Prestige 18, 21, 142, 227
  • Professional qualifications 166, 186, 191
  • Processing 225, 228, 232
  • Prosodic features233

Q

  • Questionnaire 8, 22, 29, 84, 103, 140, 159, 197, 199–201, 204–206, 211–212, 225, 261, 276

R

  • Reading
    • skills 107, 176, 185, 235
    • task 245, 249–250
  • Recipient
    • countries 135, 275
    • society 1, 4–5, 269–270, 274
  • Registers 240, 260
    • variation233
  • Religion 6, 28, 50, 59, 89, 138
  • Religious
    • affiliation 2, 13–14, 49, 139
    • denominations 28, 50
  • Repatriated 2, 14, 159, 164, 176, 185, 233
  • Repatriation 2–3, 5, 11, 27–28, 37, 135–136, 159, 163–165, 185
    • group27
  • Regional vernacular17
  • Retelling of a picture book 211, 213
  • Russiansee also ethnic Russians 8, 31, 76, 135, 139, 166, 270, 272, 274 generalized term Russian152
    • accent 144, 154
    • community 143–144
    • culture 33, 121, 135, 144, 147–148, 150, 152–153, 182, 201, 208–210, 216–219, 274
    • cultural literacy72
    • German minority13
    • Jewish 2, 5, 7, 70, 76, 81, 83–85, 87–90, 94–96, 99–100, 126, 136, 139, 143–144, 147–149, 152, 154, 270, 272–273, 275–276, 278
    • Jews 2–5, 7–8, 42–44, 47, 50, 59–60, 62, 73, 84, 93–94, 136–137, 144, 149, 151, 154–155, 273, 275, 277
    • media 80, 143
    • speaking community149

S

  • Segmented assimilation 56, 276 ; see also assimilation 17, 28–29, 55–56, 69, 74, 84, 91, 137, 276
  • Self-see also self-identity 80–81, 92, 274
    • assessment 22, 50, 139, 183, 201, 211, 214–218, 271
    • designation160
    • identification 5, 59, 127, 129, 135, 139–140, 146, 148–149, 155, 174, 179
  • Semi-structured interviews 8, 140, 166
  • Semantic transfer18see also transfer 17–20, 52, 183, 233, 240, 260, 272
  • Shift 1, 5–6, 8, 30, 46, 57, 77, 99–102, 117–118, 121, 127–132, 152, 175, 225, 230, 257, 273, 276–277
  • Simplification226
  • School system 18, 21, 81–82
  • Schooling 61, 69–70, 74, 78, 86–87, 184, 198, 259
  • Social
    • downgrading 69, 71, 94
    • inclusion 56, 93–94, 271
    • media 77, 81, 84, 140
    • mobility 69, 75, 83, 86–87, 276 ; see also occupational mobility 71, 75, 84, 88, 94 ; educational mobility 69, 82, 84, 90, 94
    • networks 8, 57, 86, 90, 99–102, 106, 108, 117, 122, 127–128, 130–134, 137, 140, 189, 270, 273, 276
  • Sociolinguistic
    • factors275
    • interview 8, 103, 277
    • theory269
  • Spätaussiedler 2, 200, 225
  • Speech rate 176, 197, 204, 213, 215–219, 238, 244
  • Standard German 19–21, 23–25, 28, 36, 130, 168
  • Standard language183
  • Stigmatization 142, 146–147, 153
  • Stigmatized 21, 28, 147, 151
  • Stops 230, 236–241, 243, 245–260 see also alveolar stops238velar stops 238, 247, 254
    • release 236–237, 241, 249
  • Structural discrimination191see also discrimination 3, 15, 44, 47, 49–50, 87, 147, 153, 162, 164, 185, 187–189, 191–192, 247 ; institutional discrimination185
  • Structured interview 140, 201, 203
  • Submersion 161, 164, 179, 184
  • Syntactic transfer20see also transfer 17–20, 52, 183, 233, 240, 260, 272
  • Syntax 18, 20–21, 168, 235

T

  • Teenage years 61, 147
  • Teenagers 5, 78, 126, 139, 142
  • Temporary bilingualism179
  • Traditional antecedents 138, 153, 155
  • Transfer 17–20, 52, 183, 233, 240, 260, 272 see also semantic transfer18syntactic transfer20
    • of discourse markers19
  • Transmission 6–8, 11, 21, 26, 57, 72, 161, 225–229, 234, 269, 272, 278
    • strategies227
  • Transitory bilingualism191
  • Triangulation design276

U

  • US 1, 4, 7, 36, 73–74, 76–77, 87, 90, 135–136, 145, 151, 155, 174
  • University education87

V

  • Variation 101–102, 174, 200, 203, 213, 232–233, 238, 252, 260
    • in parental input 233, 260
  • Velar stops 238, 247, 254 ; see also stops 230, 236–241, 243, 245–260
  • Verbal aspect202
  • Vocational training 62, 71, 160, 186–187, 270
  • Volga German 17, 27

W

  • Welfare 42, 47, 55, 59, 69, 71–73, 86–87, 94, 275
    • aid 73, 86
  • Writing skills 78–79, 107, 176

Y

  • Young age 4, 57, 147, 150, 213, 249, 269
    • see also age 4, 6, 27, 35, 54, 56–57, 60, 69–71, 73, 75–80, 82, 84–86, 88, 92, 100, 103, 105–107, 109, 120–121, 132, 138–140, 142, 147, 149–150, 153, 155, 165, 190, 197–199, 206–207, 213, 218, 228, 232, 235, 238–239, 249, 269, 275, 278